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Article ; Online: Dust and microbial filtration performance of regular and antimicrobial HVAC filters in realistic conditions.

Joubert, Aurélie / Abd Ali, Safaa Abd Zaid / Frossard, Miora / Andrès, Yves

Environmental science and pollution research international

2021 Volume 28, Issue 29, Page(s) 39907–39919

Abstract: Two polypropylene HVAC electret filters: a regular filter and an antimicrobial filter containing zinc pyrithione (ZPT), were compared for filtration performance. The study was conducted over 7 months in realistic conditions with semi-urban outdoor air. ... ...

Abstract	Two polypropylene HVAC electret filters: a regular filter and an antimicrobial filter containing zinc pyrithione (ZPT), were compared for filtration performance. The study was conducted over 7 months in realistic conditions with semi-urban outdoor air. Several parameters were monitored over the study period: the average temperature was about 20 °C and relative humidity about 60%, the average inlet concentration of cultivable microorganisms was 50 CFU m
MeSH term(s)	Air Conditioning ; Air Filters ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Dust/analysis ; Filtration ; Ventilation
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Dust
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-021-13330-w
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Article: Reusability of face masks: Influence of washing and comparison of performance between medical face masks and community face masks

Whyte, Henrietta Essie / Joubert, Aurélie / Leclerc, Lara / Sarry, Gwendoline / Verhoeven, Paul / Le Coq, Laurence / Pourchez, Jérémie

Environmental technology & innovation. 2022 Nov., v. 28

2022

Abstract: Reusability of masks is a rising environmental concern. Community face masks present a more eco-friendly option as they can be washed and reused several times. The potential reuse of single use medical face masks is also of interest. In this work, the ... ...

Abstract	Reusability of masks is a rising environmental concern. Community face masks present a more eco-friendly option as they can be washed and reused several times. The potential reuse of single use medical face masks is also of interest. In this work, the impact of 20 wash cycles (at 60 °C with detergent and air-drying) on the particle filtration efficiency (particle size range 0.1–6. 5μm) and breathability of masks was studied. With regards to the performance of new masks, the medical mask had breathability of 31 Pa.cm ⁻² whilst it ranged from 9 to 59 Pa.cm ⁻² for the community face masks. Additionally, for 3μm particles, the filtration efficiency was 99% for the medical mask and ranged from 28%–89% for the community face masks. Mixed fabric masks were able to maintain their performance up to 20 washing cycles. The washed 100% cotton masks were less breathable but with higher filtration efficiency because of shrinkage of the fabric. The washed medical face mask was able to maintain its breathability and filtration efficiency for sizes ≥3μm, however the filtration efficiency was significantly reduced for the submicron particles. This was because the presence of detergent caused the loss of electrostatic charges and led to a decrease of the particle collection by the electrostatic forces. All things considered, both the medical face mask and community face masks can be reused several times, with performances in terms of breathability and filtration efficiency (for particle sizes ≥3μm) that remain globally little changed after washing.
Keywords	air drying ; cotton ; detergents ; environmental technology ; fabrics ; face ; face masks ; filtration ; particle size ; shrinkage
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2352-1864
DOI	10.1016/j.eti.2022.102710
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Article ; Online: Dust and microbial filtration performance of regular and antimicrobial HVAC filters in realistic conditions

Joubert, Aurélie / Abd Ali, Safaa Abd Zaid / Frossard, Miora / Andrès, Yves

Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2021 Aug., v. 28, no. 29 p.39907-39919

2021

Abstract	Two polypropylene HVAC electret filters: a regular filter and an antimicrobial filter containing zinc pyrithione (ZPT), were compared for filtration performance. The study was conducted over 7 months in realistic conditions with semi-urban outdoor air. Several parameters were monitored over the study period: the average temperature was about 20 °C and relative humidity about 60%, the average inlet concentration of cultivable microorganisms was 50 CFU m⁻³, the average inlet concentration of particles was 10 μg m⁻³, the filter pressure drop increased moderately by about 30 Pa, and the particle collection efficiency of soda fluorescein (median diameter 0.35 μm) decreased in the first half of the study period by about 30% and then stabilized. The microbial concentration on the filters was quantified every 2 months using an innovative methodology based on media coupons in conjunction with microorganism quantification by CFU counting, with 5 culture media favorable to bacteria and/or fungi growth. The microbial concentrations on the filters were between 100 and 2000 CFU cm⁻². The antimicrobial effect of zinc pyrithione was confirmed by the fungi cultivated with DRBC agar: no effects in the level of filter clogging were revealed in the range studied. The high statistical deviation in the results regarding the inhibiting effect of zinc pyrithione on bacteria prevents any conclusion.
Keywords	agar ; air ; antimicrobial properties ; dust ; filtration ; fluorescein ; polypropylenes ; relative humidity ; temperature ; zinc pyrithione
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Size	p. 39907-39919.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-021-13330-w
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Impact of washing parameters on bacterial filtration efficiency and breathability of community and medical facemasks.

Whyte, Henrietta Essie / Joubert, Aurélie / Leclerc, Lara / Sarry, Gwendoline / Verhoeven, Paul / Le Coq, Laurence / Pourchez, Jérémie

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 15853

Abstract: Can medical face masks be replaced by reusable community face masks with similar performance? The influence of the number of wash cycles, the wash temperature and the use of detergent was evaluated on the performance of one medical face masks (MFM) and ... ...

Abstract	Can medical face masks be replaced by reusable community face masks with similar performance? The influence of the number of wash cycles, the wash temperature and the use of detergent was evaluated on the performance of one medical face masks (MFM) and ten community face masks (CFM). The performance of the new and washed masks was characterized from the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) and the differential pressure (DP). The tests on the new masks showed that the MFM had always better BFE than CFMs. Although two of the CFMs showed a BFE value exceeding 95%, only one can be classified as type I MFM based on both BFE and DP requirements. The influence of the washing parameters was investigated on the MFM and these two CMFs with excellent BFE properties. The parameters had no effect on the BFE of CFMs whilst the MFM exhibited a loss in efficiency when washed with detergent. The DP of masks were not impacted by the washing. The results clearly show that even though a compromise has to be made between the BFE and breathability, it seems possible to manufacture CFMs with performances similar to a type I MFM, without achieving type II requirements.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Detergents ; Filtration ; Humans ; Masks
Chemical Substances	Detergents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-20354-w
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Article: Adenovirus behavior in air handling unit fiberglass filters.

Bandaly, Victor / Joubert, Aurélie / Andres, Yves / Le Cann, Pierre

Aerobiologia

2019 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 357–366

Abstract: Viral aerosols can lead to respiratory viral infections with high infectivity. About 90% of people's time is spent in closed environments. A few studies have pointed out that the ventilation systems in air handling units (AHUs) that treat and transmit a ... ...

Abstract	Viral aerosols can lead to respiratory viral infections with high infectivity. About 90% of people's time is spent in closed environments. A few studies have pointed out that the ventilation systems in air handling units (AHUs) that treat and transmit a new synthetic clean and conditioned environment can also spread and transport viral particles in buildings. The aim of this work is to study the characterization of adenovirus, a DNA non-enveloped respiratory virus, on the F7 fiberglass filter used in AHUs. In this study, an experimental setup simulating an AHU was used. The SYBR
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1499126-3
ISSN	1573-3025 ; 0393-5965
ISSN (online)	1573-3025
ISSN	0393-5965
DOI	10.1007/s10453-019-09565-3
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Article ; Online: X-rays-Induced Bystander Effect Consists in the Formation of DNA Breaks in a Calcium-Dependent Manner: Influence of the Experimental Procedure and the Individual Factor.

Restier-Verlet, Juliette / Joubert, Aurélie / Ferlazzo, Mélanie L / Granzotto, Adeline / Sonzogni, Laurène / Al-Choboq, Joëlle / El Nachef, Laura / Le Reun, Eymeric / Bourguignon, Michel / Foray, Nicolas

Biomolecules

2023 Volume 13, Issue 3

Abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) describe the biological events occurring in non-targeted cells in the vicinity of irradiated ones. Various experimental procedures have been used to investigate RIBE. Interestingly, most micro-irradiation ... ...

Abstract	Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) describe the biological events occurring in non-targeted cells in the vicinity of irradiated ones. Various experimental procedures have been used to investigate RIBE. Interestingly, most micro-irradiation experiments have been performed with alpha particles, whereas most medium transfers have been done with X-rays. With their high fluence, synchrotron X-rays represent a real opportunity to study RIBE by applying these two approaches with the same radiation type. The RIBE induced in human fibroblasts by the medium transfer approach resulted in a generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) occurring from 10 min to 4 h post-irradiation. Such RIBE was found to be dependent on dose and on the number of donor cells. The RIBE induced with the micro-irradiation approach produced DSB with the same temporal occurrence. Culture media containing high concentrations of phosphates were found to inhibit RIBE, while media rich in calcium increased it. The contribution of the RIBE to the biological dose was evaluated after synchrotron X-rays, media transfer, micro-irradiation, and 6 MeV photon irradiation mimicking a standard radiotherapy session: the RIBE may represent less than 1%, about 5%, and about 20% of the initial dose, respectively. However, RIBE may result in beneficial or otherwise deleterious effects in surrounding tissues according to their radiosensitivity status and their capacity to release Ca
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; X-Rays ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Bystander Effect/radiation effects ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA
Chemical Substances	Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701262-1
ISSN	2218-273X ; 2218-273X
ISSN (online)	2218-273X
ISSN	2218-273X
DOI	10.3390/biom13030542
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Article: Adenovirus behavior in air handling unit fiberglass filters

Bandaly, Victor / Joubert, Aurélie / Andres, Yves / Le Cann, Pierre

Aerobiologia. 2019 June, v. 35, no. 2

2019

Abstract: Viral aerosols can lead to respiratory viral infections with high infectivity. About 90% of people’s time is spent in closed environments. A few studies have pointed out that the ventilation systems in air handling units (AHUs) that treat and transmit a ... ...

Abstract	Viral aerosols can lead to respiratory viral infections with high infectivity. About 90% of people’s time is spent in closed environments. A few studies have pointed out that the ventilation systems in air handling units (AHUs) that treat and transmit a new synthetic clean and conditioned environment can also spread and transport viral particles in buildings. The aim of this work is to study the characterization of adenovirus, a DNA non-enveloped respiratory virus, on the F7 fiberglass filter used in AHUs. In this study, an experimental setup simulating an AHU was used. The SYBR® QPCR, Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPITM) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPSTM) were used to detect, measure and characterize the aerosolized adenovirus solution. The characterization results showed that the nebulized adenovirus could be aerosolized in different forms associated or not with cell debris and proteins. The quantification and level of infectivity of adenovirus demonstrated that viruses passed through filters and remained infectious up- and downstream of the system during the 25 min of aerosolization. This study showed that AHUs should be considered an indoor source of viral contamination.
Keywords	Adenoviridae ; DNA ; aerosols ; air ; atomization ; buildings ; fiberglass ; filters ; pathogenicity ; proteins ; ventilation systems ; viral contamination ; virion ; viruses ; covid19
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Size	p. 357-366.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1499126-3
ISSN	1573-3025 ; 0393-5965
ISSN (online)	1573-3025
ISSN	0393-5965
DOI	10.1007/s10453-019-09565-3
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Article ; Online: The Fate of Mengovirus on Fiberglass Filter of Air Handling Units.

Bandaly, Victor / Joubert, Aurélie / Le Cann, Pierre / Andres, Yves

Food and environmental virology

2017 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 464–472

Abstract: One of the most important topics that occupy public health problems is the air quality. That is the reason why mechanical ventilation and air handling units (AHU) were imposed by the different governments in the collective or individual buildings. Many ... ...

Abstract	One of the most important topics that occupy public health problems is the air quality. That is the reason why mechanical ventilation and air handling units (AHU) were imposed by the different governments in the collective or individual buildings. Many buildings create an artificial climate using heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. Among the existing aerosols in the indoor air, we can distinguish the bioaerosol with biological nature such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Respiratory viral infections are a major public health issue because they are usually highly infective. We spend about 90% of our time in closed environments such as homes, workplaces, or transport. Some studies have shown that AHU contribute to the spread and transport of viral particles within buildings. The aim of this work is to study the characterization of viral bioaerosols in indoor environments and to understand the fate of mengovirus eukaryote RNA virus on glass fiber filter F7 used in AHU. In this study, a set-up close to reality of AHU system was used. The mengovirus aerosolized was characterized and measured with the electrical low pressure impact and the scanner mobility particle size and detected with RT-qPCR. The results about quantification and the level of infectivity of mengovirus on the filter and in the biosampler showed that mengovirus can pass through the filter and remain infectious upstream and downstream the system. Regarding the virus infectivity on the filter under a constant air flow, mengovirus was remained infectious during 10 h after aerosolization.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/chemistry ; Air ; Air Filters/virology ; Air Microbiology ; Filtration/instrumentation ; Glass/analysis ; Mengovirus/classification ; Mengovirus/genetics ; Mengovirus/isolation & purification ; Ventilation/instrumentation
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; fiberglass
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2487173-4
ISSN	1867-0342 ; 1867-0334
ISSN (online)	1867-0342
ISSN	1867-0334
DOI	10.1007/s12560-017-9310-8
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Article ; Online: Comparison of bacterial filtration efficiency vs. particle filtration efficiency to assess the performance of non-medical face masks.

Whyte, Henrietta Essie / Montigaud, Yoann / Audoux, Estelle / Verhoeven, Paul / Prier, Amélie / Leclerc, Lara / Sarry, Gwendoline / Laurent, Coralie / Le Coq, Laurence / Joubert, Aurélie / Pourchez, Jérémie

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 1188

Abstract: As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the use of facemasks has become commonplace. The performance of medical facemasks is assessed using Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) tests. However, as BFE tests, require specific expertise and equipment ...

Abstract	As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the use of facemasks has become commonplace. The performance of medical facemasks is assessed using Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) tests. However, as BFE tests, require specific expertise and equipment and are time-consuming, the performance of non-medical facemasks is assessed with non-biological Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) tests which are comparatively easier to implement. It is necessary to better understand the possible correlations between BFE and PFE to be able to compare the performances of the different types of masks (medical vs. non-medical). In this study BFE results obtained in accordance with the standard EN 14683 are compared to the results of PFE from a reference test protocol defined by AFNOR SPEC S76-001 with the aim to determine if BFE could be predicted from PFE. Our results showed a correlation between PFE and BFE. It was also observed that PFE values were higher than BFE and this was attributed to the difference in particle size distribution considered for efficiency calculation. In order to properly compare these test protocols for a better deduction, it would be interesting to compare the filtration efficiency for a similar granulometric range.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; Filtration ; Humans ; Masks ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Particle Size ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-05245-4
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Article: The Fate of Mengovirus on Fiberglass Filter of Air Handling Units

Bandaly, Victor / Joubert, Aurélie / Le Cann, Pierre / Andres, Yves

Food and environmental virology. 2017 Dec., v. 9, no. 4

2017

Abstract	One of the most important topics that occupy public health problems is the air quality. That is the reason why mechanical ventilation and air handling units (AHU) were imposed by the different governments in the collective or individual buildings. Many buildings create an artificial climate using heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. Among the existing aerosols in the indoor air, we can distinguish the bioaerosol with biological nature such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Respiratory viral infections are a major public health issue because they are usually highly infective. We spend about 90% of our time in closed environments such as homes, workplaces, or transport. Some studies have shown that AHU contribute to the spread and transport of viral particles within buildings. The aim of this work is to study the characterization of viral bioaerosols in indoor environments and to understand the fate of mengovirus eukaryote RNA virus on glass fiber filter F7 used in AHU. In this study, a set-up close to reality of AHU system was used. The mengovirus aerosolized was characterized and measured with the electrical low pressure impact and the scanner mobility particle size and detected with RT-qPCR. The results about quantification and the level of infectivity of mengovirus on the filter and in the biosampler showed that mengovirus can pass through the filter and remain infectious upstream and downstream the system. Regarding the virus infectivity on the filter under a constant air flow, mengovirus was remained infectious during 10 h after aerosolization.
Keywords	Encephalomyocarditis virus ; air ; air conditioning ; air flow ; air quality ; bacteria ; bioaerosols ; buildings ; climate ; eukaryotic cells ; fiberglass ; fungi ; glass fibers ; heat ; particle size ; pathogenicity ; public health ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; virion ; viruses ; working conditions ; covid19
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 464-472.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2487173-4
ISSN	1867-0342 ; 1867-0334
ISSN (online)	1867-0342
ISSN	1867-0334
DOI	10.1007/s12560-017-9310-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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