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  1. Article ; Online: Interpreting Circularity. Circular City Representations Concealing Transition Drivers

    Julie Marin / Bruno De Meulder

    Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 5, p

    2018  Volume 1310

    Abstract: Embodying circular economy transition as a sustainable city concept, circularity in cities is increasingly the subject of policy innovations, urban strategies, and research & development agendas. It seems evident that a circular city should include more ... ...

    Abstract Embodying circular economy transition as a sustainable city concept, circularity in cities is increasingly the subject of policy innovations, urban strategies, and research & development agendas. It seems evident that a circular city should include more than the sum or multiplication of urban circular economies. Nevertheless, prevailing discourses remain till today business focused, and how circular economy creates economic, social, and environmental resilience in cities has yet to be explored. This paper conceptualizes the notion of urban circularity. It introduces an analytical framework sorting existing circularity concepts that are based on design and planning characteristics. Adopting comparative case study research on four contemporary forward-looking spatial representations of ‘circular’ places, this paper articulates their circularity interpretation. Demonstrating how diverging sustainability framings and political positions are embedded within the studied spatial representations, this paper aims to bring clarity in contemporary circular city approaches for policymakers as well as for spatial practitioners. The paper concludes with an agenda for multi-perspective and multi-dimensional circular city design, which is anchored in place specific and multi-scalar transition relations. It suggests urban landscape design as a disciplinary field to act as a pivot in transdisciplinary circularity design and research.
    Keywords circular economy ; circular city ; transition ; urban landscape design ; comparative case study research ; future imaginaries ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 710 ; 720
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A Materials Bank for Circular Leuven

    Julie Marin / Luc Alaerts / Karel Van Acker

    Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 10351, p

    How to Monitor ‘Messy’ Circular City Transition Projects

    2020  Volume 10351

    Abstract: In recent years, cities have revealed themselves as being prominent actors in the circular economy transition. Besides supporting and initiating urban projects catalyzing circularity, cities are looking for monitoring tools that can make their progress ... ...

    Abstract In recent years, cities have revealed themselves as being prominent actors in the circular economy transition. Besides supporting and initiating urban projects catalyzing circularity, cities are looking for monitoring tools that can make their progress towards circularity visible. Adopting Leuven’s pilot project for a building materials bank as a case study, this paper notes the particular challenges and opportunities in the pilot project to assess its progress and impact, in combination with gathering data for overall circular city monitoring purposes. Firstly, the paper names tensions between the “messy” transition process from policy ambitions to implementation and the question of data and monitoring. Secondly, the paper identifies relevant dimensions and scales to evaluate progress and impacts of a building materials bank, drawing from its development process. Thirdly, it proposes guidelines to monitor and evaluate circular city projects from the bottom up, combining quantitative indicators with guiding questions in a developmental evaluation. The analysis serves a critical reflection, distills lessons learned for projects contributing to circular cities and feeds a few concluding policy recommendations. The case study serves as an example that, in order to move beyond the tensions between circularity monitoring and actual circular city project development, monitoring instruments should simultaneously interact with and feed the circularity transition process. Therefore, dedicated data governance driven by enhanced stakeholder interactions should be inscribed in transition process guidance. Bottom-up projects such as a building materials bank provide opportunities to do this.
    Keywords circular city ; transition ; Leuven 2030 ; building materials bank ; monitoring ; wood flow analysis ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 720
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Cytokine Landscape in Central Nervous System Metastases

    Julie Marin / Fabrice Journe / Ghanem E. Ghanem / Ahmad Awada / Nadège Kindt

    Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 7, p

    2022  Volume 1537

    Abstract: The central nervous system is the location of metastases in more than 40% of patients with lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. These metastases are associated with one of the poorest prognoses in advanced cancer patients, mainly due to the lack of ... ...

    Abstract The central nervous system is the location of metastases in more than 40% of patients with lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. These metastases are associated with one of the poorest prognoses in advanced cancer patients, mainly due to the lack of effective treatments. In this review, we explore the involvement of cytokines, including interleukins and chemokines, during the development of brain and leptomeningeal metastases from the epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition and blood–brain barrier extravasation to the interaction between cancer cells and cells from the brain microenvironment, including astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, the role of the gut–brain axis on cytokine release during this process will also be addressed.
    Keywords brain metastases ; leptomeningeal metastases ; microenvironment ; reactive astrocytes ; microglia and cytokines ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Epistatic interactions between the high pathogenicity island and other iron uptake systems shape Escherichia coli extra-intestinal virulence

    Guilhem Royer / Olivier Clermont / Julie Marin / Bénédicte Condamine / Sara Dion / François Blanquart / Marco Galardini / Erick Denamur

    Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 15

    Abstract: Abstract The intrinsic virulence of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli is associated with numerous chromosomal and/or plasmid-borne genes, encoding diverse functions such as adhesins, toxins, and iron capture systems. However, the respective ... ...

    Abstract Abstract The intrinsic virulence of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli is associated with numerous chromosomal and/or plasmid-borne genes, encoding diverse functions such as adhesins, toxins, and iron capture systems. However, the respective contribution to virulence of those genes seems to depend on the genetic background and is poorly understood. Here, we analyze genomes of 232 strains of sequence type complex STc58 and show that virulence (quantified in a mouse model of sepsis) emerged in a sub-group of STc58 due to the presence of the siderophore-encoding high-pathogenicity island (HPI). When extending our genome-wide association study to 370 Escherichia strains, we show that full virulence is associated with the presence of the aer or sit operons, in addition to the HPI. The prevalence of these operons, their co-occurrence and their genomic location depend on strain phylogeny. Thus, selection of lineage-dependent specific associations of virulence-associated genes argues for strong epistatic interactions shaping the emergence of virulence in E. coli.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Molecular evidence for the paraphyly of Scolecophidia and its evolutionary implications

    Miralles, Aurélien / Anthony Herrel / Damien Markus / Julie Marin / Nicolas Vidal / S. Blair Hedges

    Journal of evolutionary biology. 2018 Dec., v. 31, no. 12

    2018  

    Abstract: The phylogenetic relationships between the three main clades of worm snakes remain controversial. This question is, however, crucial to elucidate the origin of the successful snake radiation, as these burrowing and miniaturized wormlike organisms ... ...

    Abstract The phylogenetic relationships between the three main clades of worm snakes remain controversial. This question is, however, crucial to elucidate the origin of the successful snake radiation, as these burrowing and miniaturized wormlike organisms represent the earliest branching clades within the snake tree. The present molecular phylogenetic study, intended to minimize the amount of missing data, provides fully resolved inter‐subfamilial relationships among Typhlopidae. It also brings robust evidence that worm snakes (Scolecophidia) are paraphyletic, with the scolecophidian family Anomalepididae recovered with strong support as sister clade to the ‘typical snakes’ (Alethinophidia). Ancestral state reconstructions applied to three different traits strongly associated to a burrowing life‐style (scolecoidy, absence of retinal cones and microstomy) provide results in favour of a burrowing origin of snakes, and suggest that worm snakes might be the only extant fossorial representatives of the primordial snake incursion towards an underground environment.
    Keywords burrowing ; Carphophis ; cones (retina) ; lifestyle ; paraphyly ; snakes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-12
    Size p. 1782-1793.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1465318-7
    ISSN 1420-9101 ; 1010-061X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9101
    ISSN 1010-061X
    DOI 10.1111/jeb.13373
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: The signature of human pressure history on the biogeography of body mass in tetrapods

    Rapacciuolo, Giovanni / Julie Marin / Gabriel C. Costa / Matthew R. Helmus / Jocelyn E. Behm / Thomas M. Brooks / S. Blair Hedges / Volker C. Radeloff / Bruce E. Young / Catherine H. Graham

    Global ecology and biogeography. 2017 Sept., v. 26, no. 9

    2017  

    Abstract: AIM: Examining the biogeography of body size is crucial for understanding how animal communities are assembled and maintained. In tetrapods, body size varies predictably with temperature, moisture, productivity seasonality and topographical complexity. ... ...

    Abstract AIM: Examining the biogeography of body size is crucial for understanding how animal communities are assembled and maintained. In tetrapods, body size varies predictably with temperature, moisture, productivity seasonality and topographical complexity. Although millennial‐scale human pressures are known to have led to the extinction of primarily large‐bodied tetrapods, human pressure history is often ignored in studies of body size that focus on extant species. Here, we analyse 11,377 tetrapod species of the Western Hemisphere to test whether millennial‐scale human pressures have left an imprint on contemporary body mass distributions throughout the tetrapod clade. LOCATION: Western Hemisphere. TIME PERIOD: Contemporary. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Tetrapods (birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles). METHODS: We mapped the distribution of assemblage‐level median tetrapod body mass at a resolution of 110 km across the Western Hemisphere. We then generated multivariate models of median body mass as a function of temperature, moisture, productivity seasonality and topographical complexity, as well as two variables capturing the history of human population density and human‐induced land conversion over the past 12,000 years. We controlled for both spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation effects on body mass–environment relationships. RESULTS: Human pressures explain a small but significant portion of geographical variation in median body mass that cannot be explained by ecological constraints alone. Overall, the median body mass of tetrapod assemblages is lower than expected in areas with a longer history of high human population density and land conversion, but there are important differences among tetrapod classes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: At this broad scale, the effect of human pressure history on tetrapod body mass is low relative to that of ecology. However, ignoring spatial variation in the history of human pressure is likely to lead to bias in studies of the present‐day functional composition of tetrapod assemblages, at least in areas that have long been influenced by humans.
    Keywords amphibians ; animal communities ; autocorrelation ; biogeography ; birds ; body size ; extinction ; geographical variation ; human population ; humans ; land use change ; multivariate analysis ; phylogeny ; population density ; reptiles ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-09
    Size p. 1022-1034.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2021283-5
    ISSN 1466-8238 ; 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
    ISSN (online) 1466-8238
    ISSN 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
    DOI 10.1111/geb.12612
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Comparative phylogeography of African fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) provide new insights into the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa, 2014–2016

    Hassanin, Alexandre / Blaise Kadjo / Carine Ngoagouni / Célestin Pongombo Shongo / Céline Bonillo / Didier Tshikung / Emmanuel Nakouné / Éric Leroy / Guy-Crispin Gembu / Julie Marin / Manuel Ruedi / Nicolas Nesi / Prescott Musaba Akawa / Xavier Pourrut

    Académie des sciences Comptes rendus. 2016 Nov., Dec., v. 339, no. 11-12

    2016  

    Abstract: Both Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus were detected in several fruit bat species of the family Pteropodidae, suggesting that this taxon plays a key role in the life cycle of filoviruses. After four decades of Zaire Ebolavirus (ZEBOV) outbreaks in Central ... ...

    Abstract Both Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus were detected in several fruit bat species of the family Pteropodidae, suggesting that this taxon plays a key role in the life cycle of filoviruses. After four decades of Zaire Ebolavirus (ZEBOV) outbreaks in Central Africa, the virus was detected for the first time in West Africa in 2014. To better understand the role of fruit bats as potential reservoirs and circulating hosts between Central and West Africa, we examine here the phylogeny and comparative phylogeography of Pteropodidae. Our phylogenetic results confirm the existence of four independent lineages of African fruit bats: the genera Eidolon and Rousettus, and the tribes Epomophorini and Scotonycterini, and indicate that the three species suspected to represent ZEBOV reservoir hosts (Epomops franqueti, Hypsignathus monstrosus, and Myonycteris torquata) belong to an African clade that diversified rapidly around 8–7 Mya. To test for phylogeographic structure and for recent gene flow from Central to West Africa, we analysed the nucleotide variation of 675 cytochrome b gene (Cytb) sequences, representing eight fruit bat species collected in 48 geographic localities. Within Epomophorina, our mitochondrial data do not support the monophyly of two genera (Epomops and Epomophorus) and four species (Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti, Epomops buettikoferi, and Micropteropus pusillus). In Epomops, however, we found two geographic haplogroups corresponding to the Congo Basin and Upper Guinea forests, respectively. By contrast, we found no genetic differentiation between Central and West African populations for all species known to make seasonal movements, Eidolon helvum, E. gambianus, H. monstrosus, M. pusillus, Nanonycteris veldkampii, and Rousettus aegyptiacus. Our results suggest that only three fruit bat species were able to disperse directly ZEBOV from the Congo Basin to Upper Guinea: E. helvum, H. monstrosus, and R. aegyptiacus.
    Keywords basins ; cytochrome b ; disease reservoirs ; forests ; gene flow ; genes ; genetic variation ; hosts ; Marburgvirus ; migratory behavior ; mitochondria ; monophyly ; phylogeography ; Rousettus ; viruses ; Zaire Ebola virus ; Central Africa ; Guinea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-11
    Size p. 517-528.
    Publishing place Elsevier SAS
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2072863-3
    ISSN 1768-3238 ; 1631-0691
    ISSN (online) 1768-3238
    ISSN 1631-0691
    DOI 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.09.005
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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