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  1. Article ; Online: A robust deep learning approach for tomato plant leaf disease localization and classification

    Marriam Nawaz / Tahira Nazir / Ali Javed / Momina Masood / Junaid Rashid / Jungeun Kim / Amir Hussain

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 18

    Abstract: Abstract Tomato plants' disease detection and classification at the earliest stage can save the farmers from expensive crop sprays and can assist in increasing the food quantity. Although, extensive work has been presented by the researcher for the ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Tomato plants' disease detection and classification at the earliest stage can save the farmers from expensive crop sprays and can assist in increasing the food quantity. Although, extensive work has been presented by the researcher for the tomato plant disease classification, however, the timely localization and identification of various tomato leaf diseases is a complex job as a consequence of the huge similarity among the healthy and affected portion of plant leaves. Furthermore, the low contrast information between the background and foreground of the suspected sample has further complicated the plant leaf disease detection process. To deal with the aforementioned challenges, we have presented a robust deep learning (DL)-based approach namely ResNet-34-based Faster-RCNN for tomato plant leaf disease classification. The proposed method includes three basic steps. Firstly, we generate the annotations of the suspected images to specify the region of interest (RoI). In the next step, we have introduced ResNet-34 along with Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) as a feature extractor module of Faster-RCNN to extract the deep key points. Finally, the calculated features are utilized for the Faster-RCNN model training to locate and categorize the numerous tomato plant leaf anomalies. We tested the presented work on an accessible standard database, the PlantVillage Kaggle dataset. More specifically, we have obtained the mAP and accuracy values of 0.981, and 99.97% respectively along with the test time of 0.23 s. Both qualitative and quantitative results confirm that the presented solution is robust to the detection of plant leaf disease and can replace the manual systems. Moreover, the proposed method shows a low-cost solution to tomato leaf disease classification which is robust to several image transformations like the variations in the size, color, and orientation of the leaf diseased portion. Furthermore, the framework can locate the affected plant leaves under the occurrence of blurring, noise, ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A Fog-Cluster Based Load-Balancing Technique

    Prabhdeep Singh / Rajbir Kaur / Junaid Rashid / Sapna Juneja / Gaurav Dhiman / Jungeun Kim / Mariya Ouaissa

    Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 7961, p

    2022  Volume 7961

    Abstract: The Internet of Things has recently been a popular topic of study for developing smart homes and smart cities. Most IoT applications are very sensitive to delays, and IoT sensors provide a constant stream of data. The cloud-based IoT services that were ... ...

    Abstract The Internet of Things has recently been a popular topic of study for developing smart homes and smart cities. Most IoT applications are very sensitive to delays, and IoT sensors provide a constant stream of data. The cloud-based IoT services that were first employed suffer from increased latency and inefficient resource use. Fog computing is used to address these issues by moving cloud services closer to the edge in a small-scale, dispersed fashion. Fog computing is quickly gaining popularity as an effective paradigm for providing customers with real-time processing, platforms, and software services. Real-time applications may be supported at a reduced operating cost using an integrated fog-cloud environment that minimizes resources and reduces delays. Load balancing is a critical problem in fog computing because it ensures that the dynamic load is distributed evenly across all fog nodes, avoiding the situation where some nodes are overloaded while others are underloaded. Numerous algorithms have been proposed to accomplish this goal. In this paper, a framework was proposed that contains three subsystems named user subsystem, cloud subsystem, and fog subsystem. The goal of the proposed framework is to decrease bandwidth costs while providing load balancing at the same time. To optimize the use of all the resources in the fog sub-system, a Fog-Cluster-Based Load-Balancing approach along with a refresh period was proposed. The simulation results show that “Fog-Cluster-Based Load Balancing” decreases energy consumption, the number of Virtual Machines (VMs) migrations, and the number of shutdown hosts compared with existing algorithms for the proposed framework.
    Keywords load balancing ; cloud computing ; fog computing ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 690
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Automatic Identification of Glomerular in Whole-Slide Images Using a Modified UNet Model

    Gurjinder Kaur / Meenu Garg / Sheifali Gupta / Sapna Juneja / Junaid Rashid / Deepali Gupta / Asadullah Shah / Asadullah Shaikh

    Diagnostics, Vol 13, Iss 3152, p

    2023  Volume 3152

    Abstract: Glomeruli are interconnected capillaries in the renal cortex that are responsible for blood filtration. Damage to these glomeruli often signifies the presence of kidney disorders like glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis, which can ultimately lead ... ...

    Abstract Glomeruli are interconnected capillaries in the renal cortex that are responsible for blood filtration. Damage to these glomeruli often signifies the presence of kidney disorders like glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis, which can ultimately lead to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. The timely detection of such conditions is essential for effective treatment. This paper proposes a modified UNet model to accurately detect glomeruli in whole-slide images of kidney tissue. The UNet model was modified by changing the number of filters and feature map dimensions from the first to the last layer to enhance the model’s capacity for feature extraction. Moreover, the depth of the UNet model was also improved by adding one more convolution block to both the encoder and decoder sections. The dataset used in the study comprised 20 large whole-side images. Due to their large size, the images were cropped into 512 × 512-pixel patches, resulting in a dataset comprising 50,486 images. The proposed model performed well, with 95.7% accuracy, 97.2% precision, 96.4% recall, and 96.7% F1-score. These results demonstrate the proposed model’s superior performance compared to the original UNet model, the UNet model with EfficientNetb3, and the current state-of-the-art. Based on these experimental findings, it has been determined that the proposed model accurately identifies glomeruli in extracted kidney patches.
    Keywords deep learning ; detection ; glomerular ; kidney tissue ; UNet ; whole-slide images ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: An Efficient Topic Modeling Approach for Text Mining and Information Retrieval through K-means Clustering

    Junaid Rashid / Syed Muhammad Adnan Shah / Syed Aun Irtaza

    Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 39, Iss 1, Pp 213-

    2020  Volume 222

    Abstract: Topic modeling is an effective text mining and information retrieval approach to organizing knowledge with various contents under a specific topic. Text documents in form of news articles are increasing very fast on the web. Analysis of these documents ... ...

    Abstract Topic modeling is an effective text mining and information retrieval approach to organizing knowledge with various contents under a specific topic. Text documents in form of news articles are increasing very fast on the web. Analysis of these documents is very important in the fields of text mining and information retrieval. Meaningful information extraction from these documents is a challenging task. One approach for discovering the theme from text documents is topic modeling but this approach still needs a new perspective to improve its performance. In topic modeling, documents have topics and topics are the collection of words. In this paper, we propose a new k-means topic modeling (KTM) approach by using the k-means clustering algorithm. KTM discovers better semantic topics from a collection of documents. Experiments on two real-world Reuters 21578 and BBC News datasets show that KTM performance is better than state-of-the-art topic models like LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and LSA (Latent Semantic Analysis). The KTM is also applicable for classification and clustering tasks in text mining and achieves higher performance with a comparison of its competitors LDA and LSA.
    Keywords Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: A Study on Semantic Searching, Semantic Search Engines and Technologies Used for Semantic Search Engines

    Junaid Rashid / Muhammad Wasif Nisar

    International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science , Vol 8, Iss 10, Pp 82-

    2016  Volume 89

    Abstract: Semantic search engines(SSE) are more efficient than other web engines because in this era of busy life everyone wants an exact answer to his question which only semantic engines can provide. The immense increase in the volume of data, traditional search ...

    Abstract Semantic search engines(SSE) are more efficient than other web engines because in this era of busy life everyone wants an exact answer to his question which only semantic engines can provide. The immense increase in the volume of data, traditional search engines has increased the number of answers to satisfy the user. This creates the problem to search for the desired answer. To solve this problem, the trend of developing semantic search engines is increasing day by day. Semantic search engines work to extract the best answer of user queries which exactly fits with it. Traditional search engines are keyword based which means that they do not know the meaning of the words which we type in our queries. Due to this reason, the semantic search engines super pass the conventional search engines because they give us meaningful and well-defined information. In this paper, we will discuss the background of Semantic searching, about semantic search engines; the technology used for the semantic search engines and some of the existing semantic search engines on various factors are compared.
    Keywords Semantic ; Semantic Searching ; Semantic Search Engine ; Hakia ; RDF. ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 303
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MECS Publisher
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: An Augmented Artificial Intelligence Approach for Chronic Diseases Prediction

    Junaid Rashid / Saba Batool / Jungeun Kim / Muhammad Wasif Nisar / Amir Hussain / Sapna Juneja / Riti Kushwaha

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Chronic diseases are increasing in prevalence and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis has therefore become an important research area to enhance patient survival rates. Several research studies have reported classification approaches for specific ... ...

    Abstract Chronic diseases are increasing in prevalence and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis has therefore become an important research area to enhance patient survival rates. Several research studies have reported classification approaches for specific disease prediction. In this paper, we propose a novel augmented artificial intelligence approach using an artificial neural network (ANN) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to predict five prevalent chronic diseases including breast cancer, diabetes, heart attack, hepatitis, and kidney disease. Seven classification algorithms are compared to evaluate the proposed model's prediction performance. The ANN prediction model constructed with a PSO based feature extraction approach outperforms other state-of-the-art classification approaches when evaluated with accuracy. Our proposed approach gave the highest accuracy of 99.67%, with the PSO. However, the classification model's performance is found to depend on the attributes of data used for classification. Our results are compared with various chronic disease datasets and shown to outperform other benchmark approaches. In addition, our optimized ANN processing is shown to require less time compared to random forest (RF), deep learning and support vector machine (SVM) based methods. Our study could play a role for early diagnosis of chronic diseases in hospitals, including through development of online diagnosis systems.
    Keywords medical diagnosis ; feature selection ; chronic diseases ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; prediction ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Dynamic Modeling of a Nonlinear Two-Wheeled Robot Using Data-Driven Approach

    Muhammad Aseer Khan / Dur-e-Zehra Baig / Bilal Ashraf / Husan Ali / Junaid Rashid / Jungeun Kim

    Processes, Vol 10, Iss 524, p

    2022  Volume 524

    Abstract: A system identification of a two-wheeled robot (TWR) using a data-driven approach from its fundamental nonlinear kinematics is investigated. The fundamental model of the TWR is implemented in a Simulink environment and tested at various input/output ... ...

    Abstract A system identification of a two-wheeled robot (TWR) using a data-driven approach from its fundamental nonlinear kinematics is investigated. The fundamental model of the TWR is implemented in a Simulink environment and tested at various input/output operating conditions. The testing outcome of TWR’s fundamental dynamics generated 12 datasets. These datasets are used for system identification using simple autoregressive exogenous (ARX) and non-linear auto-regressive exogenous (NLARX) models. Initially the ARX structure is heuristically selected and estimated through a single operating condition. We conclude that the single ARX model does not satisfy TWR dynamics for all datasets in term of fitness. However, NLARX fitted the 12 estimated datasets and 2 validation datasets using sigmoid nonlinearity. The obtained results are compared with TWR’s fundamental dynamics and predicted outputs of the NLARX showed more than 98% accuracy at various operating conditions.
    Keywords system identification ; data-driven modelling ; two-wheeled robot ; parameter estimation ; ARX ; NLRAX ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Clinical and epidemiological features of pediatric population hospitalized with COVID-19

    Qalab Abbas / Farah Khalid / Fatima Farrukh Shahbaz / Javeria Khan / Shazia Mohsin / Murtaza Ali Gowa / Abdul Sattar Shaikh / Rai Muhammad Asghar / Javairia Khalid / Sehrish Karim / Fyezah Jehan / Masood Sadiq / Junaid Rashid

    The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia, Vol 11, Iss , Pp 100176- (2023)

    a multicenter longitudinal study (March 2020–December 2021) from PakistanResearch in context

    2023  

    Abstract: Summary: Background: We aimed to explore the epidemiological, clinical, and phenotypic parameters of pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Pakistan. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted in five tertiary care hospitals in ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: We aimed to explore the epidemiological, clinical, and phenotypic parameters of pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Pakistan. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted in five tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from March 2020 to December 2021. Data on various epidemiological and clinical variables were collected using Case Report Forms (CRFs) adapted from the WHO COVID-19 clinical data platform at baseline and at monthly follow-ups for 3 months. Findings: A total of 1090 children were included. The median age was 5 years (Interquartile range 1–10), and the majority presented due to new signs/symptoms associated with COVID-19 (57.8%; n = 631), the most common being general and respiratory symptoms. Comorbidities were present in 417 (38.3%) children. Acute COVID-19 alone was found in 932 (85.5%) children, 81 (7.4%) had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), 77 (7.0%) had overlapping features of acute COVID-19 and MIS-C, and severe disease was found in 775/1086 (71.4%). Steroids were given to 351 (32.2%) patients while 77 (7.1%) children received intravenous immunoglobulins. Intensive care unit (ICU) care was required in 334 (31.6%) patients, and 203 (18.3%) deaths were reported during the study period. The largest spike in cases and mortality was from July to September 2021 when the Delta variant first emerged. During the first and second follow-ups, 37 and 10 children expired respectively, and medical care after discharge was required in 204 (25.4%), 94 (16.6%), and 70 (13.7%) children respectively during each monthly follow-up. Interpretation: Our study highlights that acute COVID-19 was the major phenotype associated with high severity and mortality in children in Pakistan in contrast to what has been observed globally. Funding: The study was supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), which was involved in the study design but played no role in its analysis, writeup, or publication.
    Keywords Pediatric COVID-19 ; Epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pakistan ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Spatial and Temporal Epidemiology of Vector-borne Diseases in Punjab province of Pakistan-2018

    Muhammad Mohsan Wattoo / Ambreen Chaudhry / Zillay Noor Rana / Junaid Rashid / Saira Afzal

    Global Biosecurity, Vol 2, Iss

    2020  Volume 1

    Abstract: Background: Vector-borne diseases are major public health problem worldwide. Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), and Malaria are endemic in Pakistan. The current study is aimed to find out temporal and spatial distribution of vector-borne ... ...

    Abstract Background: Vector-borne diseases are major public health problem worldwide. Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), and Malaria are endemic in Pakistan. The current study is aimed to find out temporal and spatial distribution of vector-borne diseases in Punjab province of Pakistan. Materials & Methods: The data of temporal, spatial and personal characteristics were collected from the health department of Punjab from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017 after taking departmental approval. The collected data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 24.0. Frequencies and rates were calculated and graphically presented. Results: A total of 2,640 cases of malaria were reported during from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017 and with 1415(53%) male cases and male to female ratio of 1.3:1. A total of 2,520 cases of dengue fever were reported with 1829 (72%) male cases with male to female ratio of 2.6:1. Mean age was 17 years and 32 years for malaria and dengue fever cases respectively. For malaria, most affected age group was 5-9 years while for dengue fever 20-24 years. The highest number (n= 821) of malaria cases reported from Muzaffargarh (southern Punjab) and 1139 dengue cases reported from Rawalpindi (northern Punjab). Temporal characteristics of dengue indicated the highest frequency during September to November while malaria from August to October. Conclusion: Social, temporal and spatial distribution is suggestive of targeted interventions for both diseases yet integrated with their respective vector control measures. Dengue fever time trend is more demands robust outdoor preventive activities in north of Pakistan
    Keywords dengue fever ; malaria ; spatial trends ; temporal trends ; vector-borne diseases ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher University of New South Wales
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: A Study of Software Development Cost Estimation Techniques and Models

    Junaid Rashid / Muhammad Wasif Nisar / Toqeer Mahmood / Amjad Rehman / Syed Yasser Arafat

    Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 39, Iss 2, Pp 413-

    2020  Volume 431

    Abstract: SDCE (Software Development Cost Estimation) has always been an interesting and budding field in Software Engineering. This study supports the SDCE by exploring its techniques and models and collecting them in one place. This contribution in the ... ...

    Abstract SDCE (Software Development Cost Estimation) has always been an interesting and budding field in Software Engineering. This study supports the SDCE by exploring its techniques and models and collecting them in one place. This contribution in the literature will assist future researchers to get maximum knowledge about SDCE techniques and models from one paper and to save their time. In this paper, we review numerous software development effort and cost estimation models and techniques, which are divided into different categories. These categories are parametric models, expertise-based techniques, learning-oriented techniques, dynamicsbased models, regression-based techniques, fuzzy logic-based methods, size-based estimation models, and composite techniques. Some other techniques which directly do not lie in any specific category are also briefly explained. We have concluded that no single technique is best for all situations; rather they are applicable in different nature of projects. All techniques have their own pros and cons and they are challenged by the rapidly changing software industry. Since no single technique gives a hundred percent accuracy, that is why one technique and model should not be preferred over all others. We recommend a hybrid approach for SDCE because in this way the limitations of one model and technique are complemented by the merits of the other model/technique. We also recommend a model calibration to obtain accurate results because if a model was developed in a different environment, we cannot expect reliable estimates from it in a completely new environment.
    Keywords Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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