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Article ; Online: Impact of battery electric vehicle usage on air quality in three Chinese first-tier cities

Wenjing Lyu / Ying Hu / Jin Liu / Kaizhe Chen / Peng Liu / Junjun Deng / Shaojun Zhang

Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract China, the world leader in automobile production and sales, confronts the challenge of transportation emissions, which account for roughly 10% of its total carbon emissions. This study, utilizing real-world vehicle data from three major Chinese ... ...

Abstract	Abstract China, the world leader in automobile production and sales, confronts the challenge of transportation emissions, which account for roughly 10% of its total carbon emissions. This study, utilizing real-world vehicle data from three major Chinese cities, assesses the impact of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) on air quality. Our analysis reveals that BEVs, when replacing gasoline vehicles in their operational phase, significantly reduce emissions, with reductions ranging from 8.72 to 85.71 kg of CO2 per vehicle monthly. The average monthly reduction rate is 9.47%, though this effect is less pronounced during winter. Advanced BEVs, characterized by higher efficiency and newer technology, exhibit greater emission reduction benefits. While private BEVs generally contribute positively to environmental outcomes, taxi BEVs, due to their intensive usage patterns, show less environmental advantage and may sometimes worsen air quality. Looking ahead, we project substantial emission reductions from the replacement of gasoline vehicles with electric alternatives over the next decade. Policymakers are urged to adopt proactive measures, focusing on promoting medium to large electric vehicles and fostering the use of private and ride-hailing electric vehicles.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Composition, mixing state, and size distribution of single submicron particles during pollution episodes in a coastal city in southeast China

Xu, Lingling / Xin Wu / Zhenyu Hong / Yanru Zhang / Junjun Deng / Youwei Hong / Jinsheng Chen

Environmental science and pollution research international. 2019 Jan., v. 26, no. 2

2019

Abstract: Size-resolved particle composition, size distribution, and mixing state were characterized at the single-particle level during two air pollution episodes during 12–25 January, 2016 in a coastal city in southeast China. The two pollution episodes occurred ...

Abstract	Size-resolved particle composition, size distribution, and mixing state were characterized at the single-particle level during two air pollution episodes during 12–25 January, 2016 in a coastal city in southeast China. The two pollution episodes occurred under distinct meteorological conditions (i.e., different wind speeds, relative humidity, and backward trajectories); thus, they were assigned to stagnation and transport episodes, respectively. Single-particle data, obtained from single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS), showed that carbonaceous particles were the predominant particles during the whole study period, accounting for more than 60% of the total particles. However, the number fractions of carbonaceous particles and nitrate-containing particles significantly increased in the stagnation episode, while the number fractions of sulfate- and ammonium-containing particles both increased in the transport episode compared to the levels over the whole study period. The potassium-rich (K-rich) particle class was more abundant and more strongly mixed with sulfate in the transport episode, which indicates the impact of biomass burning emissions and the subsequent aging process by acquiring sulfate during transport. The particle classes (e.g., carbonaceous and K-rich classes) had a broader size distribution during the pollution episodes than during the clean episode. The diameters of the size distribution peak for all particle classes (except for dust class) were observed to be larger in the transport episode than in the stagnation episode. This suggests that the particles underwent an extensive aging process through the addition of sulfate and ammonium during transport, leading to the growth of particles.
Keywords	aerosols ; air pollution ; ammonium ; biomass ; burning ; dust ; emissions ; mass spectrometry ; mixing ; relative humidity ; sulfates ; wind speed ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-01
Size	p. 1464-1473.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-018-3469-x
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Article: Characterizing and sourcing ambient PM2.5 over key emission regions in China I: Water-soluble ions and carbonaceous fractions

Zhou, Jiabin / Junjun Deng / Ke Du / Zhenyu Xing

Atmospheric environment. 2016 June, v. 135

2016

Abstract: During the past decade, huge research resources have been devoted into studies of air pollution in China, which generated abundant datasets on emissions and pollution characterization. Due to the complex nature of air pollution as well as the limitations ...

Abstract	During the past decade, huge research resources have been devoted into studies of air pollution in China, which generated abundant datasets on emissions and pollution characterization. Due to the complex nature of air pollution as well as the limitations of each individual investigating approach, the published results were sometimes perplexing and even contradicting. This research adopted a multi-method approach to investigate region-specific air pollution characteristics and sources in China, results obtained using different analytical and receptor modeling methods were inter-compared for validation and interpretation. A year-round campaign was completed for comprehensive characterization of PM2.5 over four key emission regions: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangzi River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Sichuan Basin (SB). Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected from 10/2012 to 08/2013 at four regional sites, located on the diffusion paths of air masses from their corresponding megacities (i.e., Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu). The annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations showed distinct regional difference, with the highest observed at BTH and lowest at PRD site. Nine water-soluble ions together contributed 33–41% of PM2.5 mass, with three dominant ionic species being SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and carbonaceous particulate matter contributed 16–23% of PM2.5 mass. This implied that combustion and secondary formation were the main sources for PM2.5 in China. In addition, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and carbonaceous components (OC, EC) showed clear seasonal patterns with the highest concentration occurring in winter while the lowest in summer. Principal component analysis performed on aerosol data revealed that vehicular emissions, coal/biomass combustion, industry source, soil dust as well as secondary formation were the main potential sources for the ionic components of PM2.5. The characteristic chemical species combined with back trajectory analysis indicated that BTH was heavily influenced by air masses originating from Mongolia and North China Plain regions, whereas SB suffered from both local emissions of Sichuan Basin and biomass burning via long-range transport from South Asia. Sourcing conclusions from this study will be compared, validated and interpreted with those obtained using organic molecular marker and carbon isotope analyses to be presented parts II and III of this series.
Keywords	aerosols ; air ; air pollution ; ammonium ; atmospheric chemistry ; basins ; biomass ; burning ; carbon ; chemical species ; cities ; coal ; combustion ; data collection ; dust ; emissions ; industry ; isotopes ; models ; nitrates ; particulates ; principal component analysis ; river deltas ; rivers ; seasonal variation ; soil ; sulfates ; summer ; water solubility ; winter ; China ; Mongolia ; South Asia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-06
Size	p. 20-30.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.054
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Source forensics of inorganic and organic nitrogen using δ15N for tropospheric aerosols over Mt. Tai

Libin Wu / Siyao Yue / Zongbo Shi / Wei Hu / Jing Chen / Hong Ren / Junjun Deng / Lujie Ren / Yunting Fang / Hong Yan / Weijun Li / Roy M. Harrison / Pingqing Fu

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Nitrogen-containing species are major components in atmospheric aerosols. However, little is known about the sources of N-containing aerosols over high mountainous regions, especially for organic nitrogen (ON). This study aims to reveal the ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Nitrogen-containing species are major components in atmospheric aerosols. However, little is known about the sources of N-containing aerosols over high mountainous regions, especially for organic nitrogen (ON). This study aims to reveal the emission sources of both inorganic and organic nitrogen in tropospheric aerosols atop Mt. Tai, China, and to improve our understanding of the N cycle imbalance in the North China Plain (NCP). Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected on a daytime/nighttime basis in spring 2017 and were investigated for the concentrations and stable N isotopic compositions of total nitrogen, NH4 +, NO3 − and ON. Our results show that the concentrations of N-containing compounds were higher in daytime than nighttime, mainly resulting from mountain–valley breezes and the changes of planetary boundary layer height. However, no significant day/nighttime changes were found for their corresponding δ15N values, indicating similar contributions from different N sources between day and night. The MixSIAR Bayesian stable isotope mixing model results suggest that the most important emission source of NH3 for aerosol NH4 + was agriculture, followed by fossil fuel-related sources, human waste and biomass burning. Aerosol NO3 − was mainly formed from combustion and mobile emitted NO x . Interestingly, the isotopes of ON suggest that ON were very likely firstly of primary origin. Our study reveals the characteristics of reactive N emission sources and helps understand the regional transport of tropospheric N-containing aerosols in the NCP.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Meteorology. Climatology ; QC851-999
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fine particulate matter 2.5 exerted its toxicological effect by regulating a new layer, long non-coding RNA

Qiansheng Huang / Yulang Chi / Junjun Deng / Yiyao Liu / Yanyang Lu / Jinsheng Chen / Sijun Dong

Scientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2017 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, especially to its organic components, induces adverse health effects on the respiratory system. However, the molecular mechanisms have still not been fully elucidated. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, especially to its organic components, induces adverse health effects on the respiratory system. However, the molecular mechanisms have still not been fully elucidated. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in various physio-pathological processes. In this study, the roles of lncRNA were investigated to reveal the toxicology of PM2.5. Organic extracts of PM2.5 from Nanjing and Shanghai cities were adopted to treat human bronchial epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549). RNA sequencing showed that the lncRNA functioned as antisense RNA, intergenic RNA and pre-miRNA. The mRNA profiles were also altered after exposure. PM2.5 from Nanjing showed a more serious impact than that from Shanghai. In detail, higher expression of n405968 was positively related to the elevated mRNA levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-8). Increasing levels of metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) were positively associated with the induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Similar response was observed between both cell lines. The higher content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is likely to contribute to higher toxicity of PM2.5 from Nanjing than that from Shanghai. Antagonism of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) or inhibition of CYP1A1 diminished the effects stimulated by PM2.5. Our results indicated that lncRNAs could be involved in the toxicology of PM2.5 through regulating the inflammation and EMT process.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Molecular transformation of organic nitrogen in Antarctic penguin guano-affected soil

Libin Wu / Ming Sheng / Xiaodong Liu / Zhangqin Zheng / Steven D. Emslie / Ning Yang / Xueying Wang / Yaguang Nie / Jing Jin / Qiaorong Xie / Shuang Chen / Donghuan Zhang / Sihui Su / Shujun Zhong / Wei Hu / Junjun Deng / Jialei Zhu / Yulin Qi / Cong-Qiang Liu /

Pingqing Fu

Environment International, Vol 172, Iss , Pp 107796- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Organic nitrogen (ON) is an important participant in the Earth’s N cycle. Previous studies have shown that penguin feces add an abundance of nutrients including N to the soil, significantly changing the eco-environment in ice-free areas in Antarctica. To ...

Abstract	Organic nitrogen (ON) is an important participant in the Earth’s N cycle. Previous studies have shown that penguin feces add an abundance of nutrients including N to the soil, significantly changing the eco-environment in ice-free areas in Antarctica. To explore the molecular transformation of ON in penguin guano-affected soil, we collected guano-free weathered soil, modern guano-affected soil from penguin colonies, ancient guano-affected soil from abandoned penguin colonies, and penguin feces from the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to investigate the chemical composition of water-extractable ON. By comparing the molecular compositions of ON among different samples, we found that the number of ON compounds (>4,000) in weathered soil is minimal, while carboxylic-rich alicyclic-like molecules (CRAM-like) are dominant. Penguin feces adds ON into the soil with > 10,000 CHON, CHONS and CHN compounds, including CRAM-like, lipid-like, aliphatic/ peptide-like molecules and amines in the guano-affected soil. After the input of penguin feces, macromolecules continue to degrade, and other ON compounds tend to be oxidized into relatively stable CRAM-like molecules, this is an important transformation process of ON in guano-affected soils. We conclude the roles of various forms of ON in the N cycle are complex and diverse. Combined with previous studies, ON eventually turns into inorganic N and is lost from the soil. The lost N ultimately returns to the ocean and the food web, thus completing the N cycle. Our study preliminarily reveals the molecular transformation of ON in penguin guano-affected soil and is important for understanding the N cycle in Antarctica.
Keywords	Organic nitrogen ; FT-ICR MS ; Soil ; Penguin guano ; Antarctic ice-free areas ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Aerosol light absorption in a coastal city in Southeast China: Temporal variations and implications for brown carbon

Qiu, Yuqing / Xin Wu / Yanru Zhang / Lingling Xu / Youwei Hong / Jinsheng Chen / Xiaoqiu Chen / Junjun Deng

Journal of environmental sciences (China). 2019 June, v. 80

2019

Abstract: Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. One-year measurements of aerosol light absorption at multi-wavelength were continuously conducted in ... ...

Abstract	Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. One-year measurements of aerosol light absorption at multi-wavelength were continuously conducted in Xiamen, southeast of China in 2014 to determine the light absorption properties including absorption coefficients (σabs) and absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) in the coastal city. Light absorptions of BC and BrC with their contributions to total light absorption were further quantified. Mean σabs at 370 nm and 880 nm were 56.6 ± 34.3 and 16.5 ± 11.2 Mm−1, respectively. σabs presented a double-peaks diurnal pattern with the maximum in the morning and the minimum in the afternoon. σabs was low in warm seasons and high in cold seasons. AAE ranged from 0.26 to 2.58 with the annual mean of 1.46, implying that both fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning influenced aerosol optical properties. σabs of BrC at 370 nm was 24.0 ± 5.7 Mm−1, contributing 42% to the total absorption. The highest AAE (1.52 ± 0.02) and largest BrC contributions (47% ± 4%) in winter suggested the significant influence of biomass burning on aerosol light absorption. Long-distance air masses passing through North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta led to high AAE and BrC contributions. High AAE value of 1.46 in July indicated that long-range transport of the air pollutants from intense biomass burning in Southeast Asia would affect aerosol light absorption in Southeast China. The study will improve the understanding of light absorption properties of aerosols and the optical impacts of BrC in China.
Keywords	absorbance ; absorption ; aerosols ; air ; air pollutants ; air pollution ; biomass ; burning ; carbon ; cold ; cold season ; diurnal variation ; fossil fuels ; fuel combustion ; river deltas ; winter ; China ; South East Asia ; Yangtze River
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Size	p. 257-266.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1092300-7
ISSN	1878-7320 ; 1001-0742
ISSN (online)	1878-7320
ISSN	1001-0742
DOI	10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Characterizing and sourcing ambient PM2.5 over key emission regions in China II: Organic molecular markers and CMB modeling

Zhou, Jiabin / Junjun Deng / Ke Du / Ying Xiong / Zhenyu Xing

Atmospheric environment. 2017 Aug., v. 163

2017

Abstract: From November 2012 to July 2013, a sampling campaign was completed for comprehensive characterization of PM2.5 over four key emission regions in China: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangzi River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Sichuan Basin (SB). ...

Abstract	From November 2012 to July 2013, a sampling campaign was completed for comprehensive characterization of PM2.5 over four key emission regions in China: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangzi River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Sichuan Basin (SB). A multi-method approach, adopting different analytical and receptor modeling methods, was employed to determine the relative abundances of region-specific air pollution constituents and contributions of emission sources. This paper is focused on organic molecular marker based source apportionment using chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor modeling. Analyses of the organic molecular markers revealed that vehicle emission, coal combustion, biomass burning, meat cooking and natural gas combustion were the major contributors to organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5. The vehicle emission dominated the sources contributing to OC in spring at four sampling sites. During wintertime, the coal combustion had highest contribution to OC at BTH site, while the major source contributing to OC at YRD and PRD sites was vehicle emission. In addition, the relative contributions of different emission sources to PM2.5 mass at a specific location site and in a specific season revealed seasonal and spatial variations across all four sampling locations. The largest contributor to PM2.5 mass was secondary sulfate (14–17%) in winter at the four sites. The vehicle emission was found to be the major source (14–21%) for PM2.5 mass at PRD site. The secondary ammonium has minor variation (4–5%) across the sites, confirming the influences of regional emission sources on these sites. The distinct patterns of seasonal and spatial variations of source apportionment observed in this study were consistent with the findings in our previous paper based upon water-soluble ions and carbonaceous fractions. This makes it essential for the local government to make season- and region-specific mitigation strategies for abating PM2.5 pollution in China.
Keywords	air pollution ; ammonium ; basins ; biomass ; burning ; combustion ; cooking ; genetic markers ; local government ; meat ; models ; natural gas ; organic carbon ; particulate emissions ; particulates ; river deltas ; spring ; sulfates ; water solubility ; winter ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-08
Size	p. 57-64.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.033
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Secondary organic aerosol of PM2.5 in a mountainous forest area in southeastern China: Molecular compositions and tracers implication

Hong, Zhenyu / Baoye Hu / Han Zhang / Hang Xiao / Jinsheng Chen / Junjun Deng / Lingling Xu / Mengren Li / Taotao Liu / Xiaoqiu Chen / Xin Wu / Yanru Zhang / Youwei Hong

Science of the total environment. 2019 Feb. 25, v. 653

2019

Abstract: Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays an important role in global climate change and air quality. PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm) samples were collected at a mountainous forest site (Mt. Wuyi) in southeastern China between November ... ...

Abstract	Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays an important role in global climate change and air quality. PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm) samples were collected at a mountainous forest site (Mt. Wuyi) in southeastern China between November 2015 and July 2016. Fourteen PM2.5-bound SOA tracers, including isoprene, α/β‐pinene, β‐caryophyllene, and toluene, were measured using the gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry method. The total concentrations of the isoprene, α/β‐pinene, β‐caryophyllene, and toluene SOA tracers were 45.28 ± 65.52, 30.66 ± 24.44, 5.99 ± 7.25, and 0.62 ± 0.72 ng m−3, respectively. The isoprene SOA tracers exhibited the highest concentration (145.97 ± 53.78 ng m−3) and accounted for 76 ± 9% of the total concentration of SOA tracers in summer. In fall-winter, the mass fraction of 2‐methylglyceric acid was significantly enhanced because of the lower temperature and higher NOx level. As later-generation products of α/β‐pinene tracers, high proportions of 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid and 3‐methyl‐1,2,3 butanetricarboxylic acid were observed on Mt. Wuyi, suggesting that the aerosols were highly oxidized. Biomass burning events affected by local and regional sources were identified by analyzing typical SOA tracers. Significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.74) was found between the β‐caryophyllene tracer and levoglucosan. The average concentration of secondary organic carbon (SOC) as estimated from SOA tracers was 1.46 μgC m−3. The isoprene SOC accounted for 70% of the total SOC in summer, whereas the β‐caryophyllene SOC was the predominant component in winter. Meanwhile, the estimated toluene SOC accounted for 11.6% of the total SOC during the study period. The study helps understanding the characteristics and the formation of SOA in a mountainous forest area of southeastern China.
Keywords	aerosols ; air quality ; autumn ; beta-caryophyllene ; biomass ; burning ; carboxylic acids ; climate change ; forests ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; isoprene ; mountains ; nitrogen oxides ; organic carbon ; particulates ; summer ; temperature ; toluene ; tracer techniques ; winter ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0225
Size	p. 496-503.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.370
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Article: Spatiotemporal distribution and source apportionment of low molecular weight organic acids in wet precipitation at a coastal city, China

Du, Wenjiao / Hang Xiao / Jinsheng Chen / Junjun Deng / Lingling Xu / Yanting Chen / Youwei Hong / Zhenyu Hong

Environmental science and pollution research international. 2017 Mar., v. 24, no. 9

2017

Abstract: To investigate the characteristics and sources of low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids in wet precipitation at a coastal city, Xiamen, a total of 313 rainwater samples were collected at seven different functional areas from September 2012 to August ... ...

Abstract	To investigate the characteristics and sources of low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids in wet precipitation at a coastal city, Xiamen, a total of 313 rainwater samples were collected at seven different functional areas from September 2012 to August 2013. Spatiotemporal characteristics of LMW organic acids as well as pH and electrical conductivity were analyzed. Meanwhile, air mass clusters in different seasons and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportion model were comprehensively used to identify the sources of organic acids. In conclusion, the volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration of formic (3.20Â Î¼mol/L), acetic (1.84Â Î¼mol/L), lactic (0.44Â Î¼mol/L), and oxalic acid (0.53Â Î¼mol/L) were obtained, which jointly contributed to 4.33% of the total free acidity (TFA). At the same time, the highest wet deposition flux of LMW organic acids and contribution of that to TFA were achieved at the forest protection area during growing season in Xiamen. In addition, biogenic emissions (77.12%), sea salts (13.77%), regional agriculture activities (3.92%), soil emissions (2.56%), biomass burning (1.47%), and secondary aerosols (1.15%) were determined as the source of LMW organic acids. Besides, the dominancy of biomass burning via long-range transport in non-growing season (NGS) and the contribution of biogenic emission in growing season (GS) were recognized. Finally, the considerable influence of sea salts on the LMW organic acids (13.77%) in Xiamen was quantified, especially for oxalic acid.
Keywords	acidity ; aerosols ; air ; biomass ; burning ; electrical conductivity ; emissions ; forests ; growing season ; models ; molecular weight ; oxalic acid ; pH ; rain ; salts ; soil ; wet deposition ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-03
Size	p. 8399-8410.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-017-8498-3
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