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Article ; Online: Response of Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry Indices, and Rumen Bacterial Diversity in Lambs to Diets Containing Supplemental Probiotics and Chinese Medicine Polysaccharides

Huan Chen / Beibei Guo / Mingrui Yang / Junrong Luo / Yiqing Hu / Mingren Qu / Xiaozhen Song

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the effects of probiotics and Chinese medicine polysaccharides (CMPs) on growth performance, blood indices, rumen fermentation, and bacteria composition in lambs. Forty female lambs were randomly divided into four groups as ...

Abstract	This study aims to investigate the effects of probiotics and Chinese medicine polysaccharides (CMPs) on growth performance, blood indices, rumen fermentation, and bacteria composition in lambs. Forty female lambs were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control, probiotics, CMP, and compound (probiotics + CMP) groups. The results showed that probiotics treatment increased the concentrations of blood glucose (GLU) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and enhanced rumen microbial protein contents but declined the value of pH in rumen fluid compared with the control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, supplementation with CMP enhanced the average daily gain (ADG) and the contents of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the serum but decreased the F:G ratio compared with the control (P < 0.05). Besides, both CMP and compound (probiotics + CMP) treatments decreased the ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid compared with the control (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing data showed that at the genus level, the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae_UCG-001 in the probiotics group was increased, the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum and norank_f__Muribaculaceae in the CMP group were enhanced, and the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 in the compound group was raised compared with the control (P < 0.05). In summary, supplementation with probiotics can promote rumen protein fermentation but decrease the diversity of bacteria in rumen fluid; however, CMP treatment increased the relative abundance of Fibrobacteria, changed rumen microbial fermentation mode, increased the immune function, and ultimately improved the growth performance.
Keywords	Chinese medicine polysaccharide ; probiotics ; growth performance ; rumen fermentation ; rumen bacteria composition ; lamb ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Luteolin Attenuates APEC-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signal Axis in the Ileum of Chicks

Zhanyou Cao / Chenghong Xing / Xinyi Cheng / Junrong Luo / Ruiming Hu / Huabin Cao / Xiaoquan Guo / Fan Yang / Yu Zhuang / Guoliang Hu

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 1, p

2022 Volume 83

Abstract: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is typically the cause of avian colibacillosis, which can result in oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal damage (APEC) . Luteolin, in the form of glycosylation flavone, has potent anti-inflammatory and anti- ... ...

Abstract	Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is typically the cause of avian colibacillosis, which can result in oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal damage (APEC) . Luteolin, in the form of glycosylation flavone, has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, its effects on APEC-induced intestinal oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation in chicks remains poorly understood. After hatching, one-day-old chicks were stochastically assigned to four groups: a control group (basic diet), an E. coli group (basic diet) and L10 and L20 groups (with a dry matter of luteolin diet 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively), with fifteen chicks in each group and one repeat per group. They were pretreated for thirteen days. The body weight, mortality, histopathological changes in the ileum, antioxidant status, and the mRNA and protein-expression levels of factors associated with the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signal axis of the chicks were measured. The results showed that luteolin treatment decreased the mRNA and protein-expression level of the related factors of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signal axis in the ileum, reduced inflammation, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced intestinal injury. Collectively, luteolin alleviated APEC-induced intestinal damage by means of hindering the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signal axis, which suggests that luteolin could be a good method for the prevention and treatment of avian colibacillosis.
Keywords	luteolin ; intestinal injure ; APEC ; HMGB1 ; NF-κB ; chick ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions Decrease Diarrhea Rate by Relieving Colonic Inflammation and Ameliorating Caecum Microbiota in Piglets

Jian Chen / Yaqing Mao / Chenghong Xing / Ruiming Hu / Zheng Xu / Huabin Cao / Junrong Luo

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

2020 Volume 2020

Abstract: Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in piglets. XiaoJianZhong (XJZ) and Jingsananli-sepsis (JSS) were two traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions to prevent and treat intestinal diseases, including diarrhea and inflammatory disease. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in piglets. XiaoJianZhong (XJZ) and Jingsananli-sepsis (JSS) were two traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions to prevent and treat intestinal diseases, including diarrhea and inflammatory disease. Here, we investigated the effects of XJZ and JSS on diarrhea rate, growth performance, colonic inflammation, and caecum microbiota in piglets. A total of 18 piglets were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Control group was supplied with basal diets, while TCM1 and TCM2 groups were, respectively, supplied with XJZ and JSS in basal diets. Decreased diarrhea rate, colonic or caecal pH, and elevated apparent nutrient digestibility were observed in both TCM groups. Meanwhile, both prescriptions alleviated colonic inflammation by decreasing mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, TCM1 and TCM2 prescriptions ameliorated caecum microbiota composition and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, together with regulations on several genes that are responsible for signaling pathways involved in cancers and metabolic diseases. Importantly, both TCM1 and TCM2 significantly promoted the average daily gain (ADG) and reduced the feed : gain (F : G) ratio. In conclusion, both TCM prescriptions effectively decreased diarrhea rate and increased growth performance by elevating apparent nutrient digestibility and gut health, via relieving colonic inflammation and ameliorating gut microbiota composition of piglets.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Molybdenum and cadmium co-induce hypothalamus toxicity in ducks via disturbing Nrf2-mediated defense response and triggering mitophagy

Ting Cui / Wenjuan Jiang / Fan Yang / Junrong Luo / Ruiming Hu / Huabin Cao / Guoliang Hu / Caiying Zhang

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 228, Iss , Pp 113022- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Growing evidences reveal that Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response and mitophagy are involved in the toxic mechanism of heavy metals, but the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) co-exposure on Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response and ... ...

Abstract	Growing evidences reveal that Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response and mitophagy are involved in the toxic mechanism of heavy metals, but the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) co-exposure on Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response and mitophagy in duck hypothalamus have yet to be elucidated. Herein, 40 healthy 7-day-old ducks were randomly assigned to 4 groups and fed diets containing different doses of Mo or/and Cd for 16 weeks, respectively. The data demonstrated that Mo or/and Cd notably elevated their contents in hypothalamus, decreased Cu, Fe, Zn and Se contents, caused pathological damage and oxidative stress accompanied by elevating MDA content and reducing CAT, T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px activities. Moreover, Mo or/and Cd not only restrained Nrf2 pathway by decreasing Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GST, CAT, SOD1, GCLM mRNA expression levels and Nrf2 protein expression level, but also disturbed mitochondrial dynamics and triggered PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy by enhancing MFF, PINK1, Parkin, Bnip3, LC3A, LC3B mRNA expression levels and PINK1, Parkin, LC3B-II/LC3B-I protein expression levels, inhibiting Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1, P62 mRNA expression levels and P62 protein expression level, and facilitating the colocalization between LC3 and HSP60. The changes of above factors were most remarkable under Mo and Cd co-treatment. Overall, the results elucidate that Mo and Cd can synergistically inhibit Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response and activate PINK1/Parkin pathway-dependent mitophagy in duck hypothalamus, whose mechanism is somehow related to Mo and Cd accumulation.
Keywords	Molybdenum ; Cadmium ; Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense ; Mitophagy ; Hypothalamus ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Insulin resistance and metabonomics analysis of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens induced by a high-energy low-protein diet

Yu Zhuang / Chenghong Xing / Huabin Cao / Caiying Zhang / Junrong Luo / Xiaoquan Guo / Guoliang Hu

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a widespread metabolic disease in laying hens that causes a decrease in egg production and even death. Insulin resistance is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ...

Abstract	Abstract Fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a widespread metabolic disease in laying hens that causes a decrease in egg production and even death. Insulin resistance is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the relationship between FLHS and the insulin resistance mechanisms underlying FLHS is not well elucidated. Therefore, we established an FLHS model induced by feeding a high-energy low-protein diet. In the current study, we found that the fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were elevated in the FLHS group compared with the control group during the experimental period. The results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin sensitivity test (IST) showed a high level of insulin resistance in the FLHS model. InsR, 4EBP-1, Glut-1 and Glut-3 mRNA expression were decreased, and TOR, S6K1, and FOXO1 were elevated (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis with GC/MS identified 46 differentially expressed metabolites between these two groups, and of these, 14 kinds of metabolism molecules and 32 kinds of small metabolism molecules were decreased (P < 0.05). Further investigation showed that glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism blocks in the progression of FLHS by GO functional and pathway analysis. Overall, these results suggest that insulin resistance participated in FLHS; comprehensively, metabolites participated in the dysregulated biological process.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Improving effects of dietary rumen protected γ‐aminobutyric acid additive on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health status in heat‐stressed beef cattle

Guo, Kun / Bunlue Kornmatitsuk / Guoliang Hu / Huabin Cao / Junrong Luo / Tiancheng Wang / Yuanjun Zhu

Animal science journal =. 2018 Sept., v. 89, no. 9

2018

Abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of rumen‐protected γ‐aminobutyric acid (RP‐GABA) on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health status in heat stressed beef cattle. Fifty Jinjiang Yellow cattle were randomly assigned to ...

Abstract	This study was aimed to investigate the effects of rumen‐protected γ‐aminobutyric acid (RP‐GABA) on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health status in heat stressed beef cattle. Fifty Jinjiang Yellow cattle were randomly assigned to 5 treatments (10 animals/treatment). Treatments 1 to 5 were basal diets affixed with 0 (control), 8, 16, 24 and 32 mg of RP‐GABA/kg of body weight (BW) respectively. The trial lasted 45 days. Apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and calcium (Ca) quadratically increased with increasing RP‐GABA (p < .01), while apparent digestibility of phosphorus (P) tended to quadratically increase (p = .09). Dietary supplementation with increasing RP‐GABA linearly increased DM digestibility and average daily gain (ADG) (p < .01), whereas the feed to gain (F:G) ratio linearly decreased with increasing RP‐GABA (p < .01). The average daily feed intake (ADFI) value tended to linearly increase with RP‐GABA supplementation (p = .08). Total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels quadratically decreased (p < .01) with increasing RP‐GABA, however albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), superoxide dismutase (SOD), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels quadratically increased (p ≤ .01). In conclusion, the present results indicated that dietary supplementation with RP‐GABA led to improved nutrient digestibility, growth performance and antioxidant status in heat stressed beef cattle.
Keywords	albumins ; antioxidants ; average daily gain ; beef cattle ; blood ; body weight ; calcium ; crude fiber ; crude protein ; dietary supplements ; digestibility ; feed intake ; gamma-aminobutyric acid ; glucose ; growth performance ; health status ; malondialdehyde ; phosphorus ; rumen ; superoxide dismutase ; triiodothyronine ; urea nitrogen
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-09
Size	p. 1280-1286.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2095161-9
ISSN	1740-0929 ; 1344-3941
ISSN (online)	1740-0929
ISSN	1344-3941
DOI	10.1111/asj.13053
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effects of Molybdenum and Cadmium on the Oxidative Damage and Kidney Apoptosis in Duck

Shi, Lele / Caiying Zhang / Guoliang Hu / Huabin Cao / Junrong Luo / Ping Liu / Tiancheng Wang

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2017,

2017

Abstract: Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human beings and animals; however, high dietary intake of Mo can lead to adverse reactions. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major transitional metals which has toxic effects in animals. To investigate the co-induced ...

Abstract	Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human beings and animals; however, high dietary intake of Mo can lead to adverse reactions. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major transitional metals which has toxic effects in animals. To investigate the co-induced toxic effects of Mo and Cd on oxidative damage and kidney apoptosis in duck, 120 ducks were randomly divided into control group and 5 treatment groups which were treated with a commercial diet containing different dosages of Mo and Cd. Kidney samples were collected on the 60th and 120th days to determine the mRNA expression levels of ceruloplasmin (CP), metallothionein (MT), Bak-1, and Caspase-3 by quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, we also determined the antioxidant activity indexes and contents of Mo, Cd, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) in serum. Meanwhile, ultrastructural changes of the kidney were observed. The results showed that glutathione reductase (GR) activity and CP level in serum were decreased in combination groups. In addition, the antioxidant indexes were decreased in co-treated groups compared with single treated groups. The mRNA expression levels of Bak-1 and Caspase-3 increased in co-treated groups. The mRNA expression level of CP in high-dose combination group was downregulated, while the mRNA expression of MT was upregulated except for low-dose Mo group. Additionally, in the later period the content of Cu in serum decreased in joint groups while the contents of Mo and Cd increased. In addition, ultrastructural changes showed mitochondrial crest fracture, swelling, deformed nuclei, and karyopyknosis in co-treated groups. Taken together, it was suggested that dietary Mo and Cd might lead to oxidative stress, kidney apoptosis and disturb homeostasis of trace elements in duck, and it showed a possible synergistic relationship between the two elements.
Keywords	adverse effects ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; apoptosis ; blood serum ; cadmium ; caspase-3 ; copper ; ducks ; ferroxidase ; food intake ; gene expression ; gene expression regulation ; glutathione-disulfide reductase ; homeostasis ; humans ; iron ; kidneys ; messenger RNA ; metallothionein ; mitochondria ; molybdenum ; oxidative stress ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; selenium ; toxicity ; zinc
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	436536-7
ISSN	1090-2414 ; 0147-6513
ISSN (online)	1090-2414
ISSN	0147-6513
DOI	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.006
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Alterations of mitochondrial antioxidant indexes and apoptosis in duck livers caused by Molybdenum or/and cadmium

Dai, Xueyan / Chenghong Xing / Huabin Cao / Junrong Luo / Tiancheng Wang / Ping Liu / Xiaoquan Guo / Guoliang Hu / Caiying Zhang

Chemosphere. 2018 Feb., v. 193

2018

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) and high Molybdenum (Mo) can lead to adverse reactions on animals, but the co-induced toxicity of Mo and Cd to liver in ducks was not well understood. To investigate the co-induced toxic effects of Mo combined with Cd on mitochondrial ... ...

Abstract	Cadmium (Cd) and high Molybdenum (Mo) can lead to adverse reactions on animals, but the co-induced toxicity of Mo and Cd to liver in ducks was not well understood. To investigate the co-induced toxic effects of Mo combined with Cd on mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in duck livers. 240 healthy 11-day-old ducks were randomly divided into 6 groups (control, LMo group, HMo group, Cd group, LMoCd group and HMoCd group). After being treated for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, liver mitochondrial antioxidant indexes, ceruloplasmin (CP), metallothionein (MT), Bak-1 and Caspase-3 genes mRNA expression levels, and ultrastructural changes were evaluated. The results showed that total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities in experimental groups were decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were increased compared with control group, and these changes of co-treated groups were more obvious in the later period of the experiment. The mRNA expression levels of CP, Bak-1 and Caspase-3 were up-regulated in experimental groups compared with control group and showed significant difference between co-treated groups and single treated groups. The mRNA expression level of MT in Cd group was higher than that in co-treated groups. Additionally, ultrastructural changes showed karyopyknosis, mitochondrial swelling, vacuolation and disruption of mitochondrial cristae in co-treated groups. Taken together, it was suggested that dietary Mo and Cd might lead to mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in duck livers, and it showed a possible synergistic relationship between the two elements.
Keywords	adverse effects ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; apoptosis ; cadmium ; caspase-3 ; catalase ; ducks ; ferroxidase ; gene expression ; genes ; liver ; malondialdehyde ; messenger RNA ; metallothionein ; mitochondria ; molybdenum ; nitric oxide synthase ; oxidative stress ; superoxide dismutase ; toxicity ; xanthine oxidase
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-02
Size	p. 574-580.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.063
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals an altered composition of the gut microbiota in chickens infected with a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus

Puzhi Xu / Yan Shi / Ping Liu / Yitian Yang / Changming Zhou / Guyue Li / Junrong Luo / Caiying Zhang / Huabin Cao / Guoliang Hu / Xiaoquan Guo

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes serious losses to the poultry industry. Intestinal microbiota play an important role in chicken health and contribute to the defence against colonization by invading ...

Abstract	Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes serious losses to the poultry industry. Intestinal microbiota play an important role in chicken health and contribute to the defence against colonization by invading pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between the intestinal microbiome and nephropathogenic IBV (NIBV) infection. Initially, chickens were randomly distributed into 2 groups: the normal group (INC) and the infected group (IIBV). The ilea were collected for morphological assessment, and the ileal contents were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The results of the IIBV group analyses showed a significant decrease in the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05), while the goblet cells increased compared to those in the INC group. Furthermore, the microbial diversity in the ilea decreased and overrepresentation of Enterobacteriaceae and underrepresentation of Chloroplast and Clostridia was found in the NIBV-infected chickens. In conclusion, these results showed that the significant separation of the two groups and the characterization of the gut microbiome profiles of the chickens with NIBV infection may provide valuable information and promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Effect of Stress from Cadmium Combined with Different Levels of Molybdenum on Serum Free Radical and Expression of Related Apoptosis Genes in Goat Livers

Cao, Huabin / Chenghong Xing / Yu Zhuang / Xiaolong Gu / Junrong Luo / Xiaoquan Guo / Ping Liu / Caiying Zhang / Guoliang Hu

Biological trace element research. 2016 Aug., v. 172, no. 2

2016

Abstract: Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human beings and animals; however, high dietary intake of Mo can lead to adverse reactions. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major transitional metals which have toxic effects in animals. The toxicity of simple Cd or ...

Abstract	Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human beings and animals; however, high dietary intake of Mo can lead to adverse reactions. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major transitional metals which have toxic effects in animals. The toxicity of simple Cd or Mo has been researched frequently. However, the toxicity of Mo combined with Cd was rarely studied. To investigate the toxicity of Mo combined with Cd in liver of goats, 36 Boer goats were randomly divided into four groups and assigned with one of the three oral treatments of CdClâ (0.5Â mgÂ kgâ»Â¹ Cd) and [(NHâ)âMoâOââÂ·4HâO] (15Â mgÂ kgâ»Â¹ Mo, group I; 30Â mgÂ kgâ»Â¹ Mo, group II; 45Â mgÂ kgâ»Â¹ Mo, group III), while the control group received deionized water. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 to determine antioxidant indices in serum. In addition, liver tissues were collected on days 0, 25, and 50 for detecting the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax. Moreover, liver tissues at 50Â days were subjected to histopathological analysis with the optical microscope. The results revealed a significant increase (PÂ <Â 0.05 or PÂ <Â 0.01) in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malonaldehyde (MDA), and the activity of nitrix oxide synthase (NOS) and a significant decline (PÂ <Â 0.05) in the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC). The mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 was suppressed (PÂ <Â 0.05), while the expression of Bax was increased (PÂ <Â 0.05) in liver. The histopathological changes were observed in the liver of goats including a small amount of erythrocyte, the unclear structure of hepatic cord and hepatic sinusoid, granular degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, and steatosis. In conclusion, combined chronic toxicity of Cd with different levels of Mo might induce goat liver cell apoptosis and cause oxidative stress in serum, and it showed a possible synergistic relationship between the two elements.
Keywords	Boer (goat breed) ; adverse effects ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; apoptosis ; blood sampling ; blood serum ; cadmium ; chronic toxicity ; erythrocytes ; food intake ; gene expression ; genes ; goats ; hepatocytes ; histopathology ; humans ; liver ; malondialdehyde ; messenger RNA ; molybdenum ; nitric oxide ; oral administration ; oxidative stress ; superoxide dismutase ; tissues ; vacuoles
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-08
Size	p. 346-353.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	445336-0
ISSN	1559-0720 ; 0163-4984
ISSN (online)	1559-0720
ISSN	0163-4984
DOI	10.1007/s12011-015-0610-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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