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Article ; Online: Early (5-Day) Onset of Diabetes Mellitus Causes Degeneration of Photoreceptor Cells, Overexpression of Incretins, and Increased Cellular Bioenergetics in Rat Retina.

Adeghate, Jennifer O / D'Souza, Crystal / Kántor, Orsolya / Tariq, Saeed / Souid, Abdul-Kader / Adeghate, Ernest

2021 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: The effects of early (5-day) onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) on retina ultrastructure and cellular bioenergetics were examined. The retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were compared to those of non-diabetic rats using light and transmission ... ...

Abstract	The effects of early (5-day) onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) on retina ultrastructure and cellular bioenergetics were examined. The retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were compared to those of non-diabetic rats using light and transmission electron microscopy. Tissue localization of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), exendin-4 (EXE-4), and catalase (CAT) in non-diabetic and diabetic rat retinas was conducted using immunohistochemistry, while the retinal and plasma concentration of GLP-1, EXE-4, and CAT were measured with ELISA. Lipid profiles and kidney and liver function markers were measured from the blood of non-diabetic and diabetic rats with an automated biochemical analyzer. Oxygen consumption was monitored using a phosphorescence analyzer, and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was determined using the Enliten ATP assay kit. Blood glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats compared to control. The number of degenerated photoreceptor cells was significantly higher in the diabetic rat retina. Tissue levels of EXE-4, GLP-1 and CAT were significantly (
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Catalase/blood ; Catalase/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/blood ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Incretins/blood ; Incretins/genetics ; Incretins/metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photoreceptor Cells/cytology ; Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retina/metabolism ; Retina/pathology ; Retina/ultrastructure
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Incretins ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells10081981
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Article: Current State of Understanding of the Role of PACAP in the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Gonadotropin Functions of Mammals.

Köves, Katalin / Szabó, Enikő / Kántor, Orsolya / Heinzlmann, Andrea / Szabó, Flóra / Csáki, Ágnes

Frontiers in endocrinology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 88

Abstract: PACAP was discovered 30 years ago in Dr. Akira Arimura's laboratory. In the past three decades since then, it has become evident that this peptide plays numerous crucial roles in mammalian organisms. The most important functions of PACAP are the ... ...

Abstract	PACAP was discovered 30 years ago in Dr. Akira Arimura's laboratory. In the past three decades since then, it has become evident that this peptide plays numerous crucial roles in mammalian organisms. The most important functions of PACAP are the following: 1. neurotransmitter, 2. neuromodulator, 3. hypophysiotropic hormone, 4. neuroprotector. This paper reviews the accumulated data regarding the distribution of PACAP and its receptors in the mammalian hypothalamus and pituitary gland, the role of PACAP in the gonadotropin hormone secretion of females and males. The review also summarizes the interaction between PACAP, GnRH, and sex steroids as well as hypothalamic peptides including kisspeptin. The possible role of PACAP in reproductive functions through the biological clock is also discussed. Finally, the significance of PACAP in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system is considered and the facts missing, that would help better understand the function of PACAP in this system, are also highlighted.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gonadotropins/metabolism ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism ; Mammals ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Gonadotropins ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2020.00088
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Article: The Retinal TNAP.

Kántor, Orsolya / Cserpán, Dorottya / Völgyi, Béla / Lukáts, Ákos / Somogyvári, Zoltán

Sub-cellular biochemistry

2015 Volume 76, Page(s) 107–123

Abstract: Accumulating evidence from recent literature underline the important roles of tissue non specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in diverse functions as well as diseases of the nervous system. Exploration of TNAP in well characterized neural circuits such ... ...

Abstract	Accumulating evidence from recent literature underline the important roles of tissue non specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in diverse functions as well as diseases of the nervous system. Exploration of TNAP in well characterized neural circuits such as the retina, might significantly advance our understanding regarding neural TNAP's roles. This chapter reviews the scarce literature as well as our findings on retinal TNAP. We found that retinal TNAP activity was preserved and followed diverse patterns throughout vertebrate evolution. We have consistently observed TNAP activity (1) in retinal vessels, (2) in photoreceptors and (3) in the majority of the studied species in the outer (OPL) and inner plexiform layers (IPL), where synaptic transmission occurs. Importantly, in some species the IPL exhibits several TNAP positive strata. These strata exactly corresponded those seen after quadruple immunohistochemistry with four canonical IPL markers (tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, calretinin, protein kinase C α). Diabetes results in diminishing retinal TNAP activity before changes in canonical markers could be observed in a rat model. The presence of TNAP activity at critical sites of neurotransmission suggests its important and evolutionary conserved role in vision. In diabetes, the decreased TNAP activity indicates neurological alterations adding further evidence for the role of TNAP in brain diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics ; Alkaline Phosphatase/physiology ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Diabetic Retinopathy/genetics ; Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology ; Humans ; Rats ; Retina/enzymology ; Retina/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/genetics ; Vertebrates ; Vision, Ocular/genetics
Chemical Substances	Alkaline Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	0306-0225 ; 0096-8757
ISSN	0306-0225 ; 0096-8757
DOI	10.1007/978-94-017-7197-9_6
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Article: Strategic Positioning of Connexin36 Gap Junctions Across Human Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors.

Kántor, Orsolya / Szarka, Gergely / Benkő, Zsigmond / Somogyvári, Zoltán / Pálfi, Emese / Baksa, Gábor / Rácz, Gergely / Nitschke, Roland / Debertin, Gábor / Völgyi, Béla

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

2018 Volume 12, Page(s) 409

Abstract: Connexin36 (Cx36) subunits form gap junctions (GJ) between neurons throughout the central nervous system. Such GJs of the mammalian retina serve the transmission, averaging and correlation of signals prior to conveying visual information to the brain. ... ...

Abstract	Connexin36 (Cx36) subunits form gap junctions (GJ) between neurons throughout the central nervous system. Such GJs of the mammalian retina serve the transmission, averaging and correlation of signals prior to conveying visual information to the brain. Retinal GJs have been exhaustively studied in various animal species, however, there is still a perplexing paucity of information regarding the presence and function of human retinal GJs. Particularly little is known about GJ formation of human retinal ganglion cells (hRGCs) due to the limited number of suitable experimental approaches. Compared to the neuronal coupling studies in animal models, where GJ permeable tracer injection is the gold standard method, the post-mortem nature of scarcely available human retinal samples leaves immunohistochemistry as a sole approach to obtain information on hRGC GJs. In this study Lucifer Yellow (LY) dye injections and Cx36 immunohistochemistry were performed in fixed short-post-mortem samples to stain hRGCs with complete dendritic arbors and locate dendritic Cx36 GJs. Subsequent neuronal reconstructions and morphometric analyses revealed that Cx36 plaques had a clear tendency to form clusters and particularly favored terminal dendritic segments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2018.00409
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Article: Connexin36 Expression in the Mammalian Retina: A Multiple-Species Comparison.

Kovács-Öller, Tamás / Debertin, Gábor / Balogh, Márton / Ganczer, Alma / Orbán, József / Nyitrai, Miklós / Balogh, Lajos / Kántor, Orsolya / Völgyi, Béla

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

2017 Volume 11, Page(s) 65

Abstract: Much knowledge about interconnection of human retinal neurons is inferred from results on animal models. Likewise, there is a lack of information on human retinal electrical synapses/gap junctions (GJ). Connexin36 (Cx36) forms GJs in both the inner and ... ...

Abstract	Much knowledge about interconnection of human retinal neurons is inferred from results on animal models. Likewise, there is a lack of information on human retinal electrical synapses/gap junctions (GJ). Connexin36 (Cx36) forms GJs in both the inner and outer plexiform layers (IPL and OPL) in most species including humans. However, a comparison of Cx36 GJ distribution in retinas of humans and popular animal models has not been presented. To this end a multiple-species comparison was performed in retinas of 12 mammals including humans to survey the Cx36 distribution. Areas of retinal specializations were avoided (e.g., fovea, visual streak, area centralis), thus observed Cx36 distribution differences were not attributed to these species-specific architecture of central retinal areas. Cx36 was expressed in both synaptic layers in all examined retinas. Cx36 plaques displayed an inhomogenous IPL distribution favoring the ON sublamina, however, this feature was more pronounced in the human, swine and guinea pig while it was less obvious in the rabbit, squirrel monkey, and ferret retinas. In contrast to the relative conservative Cx36 distribution in the IPL, the labels in the OPL varied considerably among mammals. In general, OPL plaques were rare and rather small in rod dominant carnivores and rodents, whereas the human and the cone rich guinea pig retinas displayed robust Cx36 labels. This survey presented that the human retina displayed two characteristic features, a pronounced ON dominance of Cx36 plaques in the IPL and prevalent Cx36 plaque conglomerates in the OPL. While many species showed either of these features, only the guinea pig retina shared both. The observed similarities and subtle differences in Cx36 plaque distribution across mammals do not correspond to evolutionary distances but may reflect accomodation to lifestyles of examined species.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2017.00065
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Article ; Online: Bipolar cell gap junctions serve major signaling pathways in the human retina.

Kántor, Orsolya / Varga, Alexandra / Nitschke, Roland / Naumann, Angela / Énzsöly, Anna / Lukáts, Ákos / Szabó, Arnold / Németh, János / Völgyi, Béla

Brain structure & function

2017 Volume 222, Issue 6, Page(s) 2603–2624

Abstract: Connexin36 (Cx36) constituent gap junctions (GJ) throughout the brain connect neurons into functional syncytia. In the retina they underlie the transmission, averaging and correlation of signals prior conveying visual information to the brain. This is ... ...

Abstract	Connexin36 (Cx36) constituent gap junctions (GJ) throughout the brain connect neurons into functional syncytia. In the retina they underlie the transmission, averaging and correlation of signals prior conveying visual information to the brain. This is the first study that describes retinal bipolar cell (BC) GJs in the human inner retina, whose function is enigmatic even in the examined animal models. Furthermore, a number of unique features (e.g. fovea, trichromacy, midget system) necessitate a reexamination of the animal model results in the human retina. Well-preserved postmortem human samples of this study are allowed to identify Cx36 expressing BCs neurochemically. Results reveal that both rod and cone pathway interneurons display strong Cx36 expression. Rod BC inputs to AII amacrine cells (AC) appear in juxtaposition to AII GJs, thus suggesting a strategic AII cell targeting by rod BCs. Cone BCs serving midget, parasol or koniocellular signaling pathways display a wealth of Cx36 expression to form homologously coupled arrays. In addition, they also establish heterologous GJ contacts to serve an exchange of information between parallel signaling streams. Interestingly, a prominent Cx36 expression was exhibited by midget system BCs that appear to maintain intimate contacts with bistratified BCs serving other pathways. These findings suggest that BC GJs in parallel signaling streams serve both an intra- and inter-pathway exchange of signals in the human retina.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Connexins/analysis ; Electrical Synapses ; Female ; Gap Junctions/chemistry ; Gap Junctions/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neural Pathways/chemistry ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Phenotype ; Retinal Bipolar Cells/chemistry ; Retinal Bipolar Cells/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/chemistry ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Gap Junction delta-2 Protein
Chemical Substances	Connexins
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2273162-3
ISSN	1863-2661 ; 1863-2653
ISSN (online)	1863-2661
ISSN	1863-2653
DOI	10.1007/s00429-016-1360-4
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Article ; Online: Advent and recent advances in research on the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the regulation of gonadotropic hormone secretion of female rats.

Köves, Katalin / Kántor, Orsolya / Lakatos, András / Szabó, Enikő / Kirilly, Eszter / Heinzlmann, Andrea / Szabó, Flóra

Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN

2014 Volume 54, Issue 3, Page(s) 494–511

Abstract: PACAP (ADCYAP1) was isolated from ovine hypothalami. PACAP activates three distinct receptor types: G-protein coupled PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 with seven transmembrane domains. Eight splice variants of PAC1 receptor are described. A part of the ... ...

Abstract	PACAP (ADCYAP1) was isolated from ovine hypothalami. PACAP activates three distinct receptor types: G-protein coupled PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 with seven transmembrane domains. Eight splice variants of PAC1 receptor are described. A part of the hypothalamic PACAP is released into the hypophyseal portal circulation. Both hypothalamic and pituitary PACAP are involved in the dynamic control of gonadotropic hormone secretion. In female rats, PACAP in the paraventricular nucleus is upregulated in the morning and pituitary PACAP is upregulated in the late evening of the proestrus stage of the reproductive cycle. PACAP mRNA peak in the hypothalamic PVN precedes the LHRH release into the portal circulation. It is supposed that PACAP peak is evoked by the elevated estrogen on proestrous morning. At the beginning of the so-called critical period of the same day, PACAP level starts to decline allowing LHRH release into the portal circulation, resulting in the LH surge that evokes ovulation. Just before the critical period, icv-administered exogenous PACAP blocks the LH surge and ovulation. The blocking effect of PACAP is mediated through CRF and endogenous opioids. The effect of the pituitary-born PACAP depends on the intracellular cross-talk between PACAP and LHRH.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Gonadotropins/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Male ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/genetics ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Rats
Chemical Substances	Gonadotropins ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1043392-2
ISSN	1559-1166 ; 0895-8696
ISSN (online)	1559-1166
ISSN	0895-8696
DOI	10.1007/s12031-014-0294-7
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Article: Grundlagen der makroskopischen und mikroskopischen Anatomie des zentralen Nervensystems

Korr, Hubert / Kantor, Orsolya

(In: Gauggel, Siegfried; Herrmann, Manfred (Ed.), Handbuch der Neuro- und Biopsychologie (S. 239-253). Göttingen: Hogrefe (Serie: Handbuch der Psychologie, Band 8))

2008

Series title	In: Gauggel, Siegfried; Herrmann, Manfred (Ed.), Handbuch der Neuro- und Biopsychologie (S. 239-253). Göttingen: Hogrefe (Serie: Handbuch der Psychologie, Band 8)
Keywords	Central Nervous System ; Microglia ; Mikroglia ; Nervenbahnen ; Neural Pathways ; Neuroanatomie ; Neuroanatomy ; Neuroglia ; Neuronen ; Neurons ; Zentrales Nervensystem
Language	German
Document type	Article
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Article ; Online: Tyrosine hydroxylase positive perisomatic rings are formed around various amacrine cell types in the mammalian retina.

Debertin, Gábor / Kántor, Orsolya / Kovács-Öller, Tamás / Balogh, Lajos / Szabó-Meleg, Edina / Orbán, József / Nyitrai, Miklós / Völgyi, Béla

Journal of neurochemistry

2015 Volume 134, Issue 3, Page(s) 416–428

Abstract: Dopaminergic neurons of the central nervous system are mainly found in nuclei of the midbrain and the hypothalamus that provide subcortical and cortical targets with a rich and divergent innervation. Disturbance of signaling through this system underlies ...

Abstract	Dopaminergic neurons of the central nervous system are mainly found in nuclei of the midbrain and the hypothalamus that provide subcortical and cortical targets with a rich and divergent innervation. Disturbance of signaling through this system underlies a variety of deteriorating conditions such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Although retinal dopaminergic signaling is largely independent of the above circuitry, malfunction of the retinal dopaminergic system has been associated with anomalies in visual adaptation and a number of retinal disorders. Dopamine (DA) is released mainly in a paracrine manner by a population of tyrosine hydroxylase expressing (TH(+) ) amacrine cells (AC) of the mammalian retina; thus DA reaches virtually all retinal cell types by diffusion. Despite this paracrine release, however, the so called AII ACs have been considered as the main targets of DA signaling owing to a characteristic and robust ring-like TH(+) innervation to the soma/dendritic-stalk area of AII cells. This apparent selectivity of TH(+) innervation seems to contradict the divergent DAergic signaling scheme of other brain loci. In this study, however, we show evidence for intimate proximity between TH(+) rings and somata of neurochemically identified non-AII cells. We also show that this phenomenon is not species specific, as we observe it in popular mammalian animal models including the rabbit, the rat, and the mouse. Finally, our dataset suggests the existence of further, yet unidentified post-synaptic targets of TH(+) dendritic rings. Therefore, we hypothesize that TH(+) ring-like structures target the majority of ACs non-selectively and that such contacts are wide-spread among mammals. Therefore, this new view of inner retinal TH(+) innervation resembles the divergent DAergic innervation of other brain areas through the mesolimbic, mesocortical, and mesostriatal signaling streams. AII amacrine cells have been considered as the main targets of dopamine signaling in the mammalian retina owing to a characteristic ring-like innervation from dopaminergic (TH(+) ) amacrine cells (green) to somata of AII cells (red). In this study, we show the intimate proximity of TH(+) rings and somata of non-AII cells, including starburst-a amacrine cells (blue) and other unidentified amacrine cells (magenta). We find that this phenomenon is not species specific and it occurs in a number of popular mammalian animal models. We hypothesize that TH(+) ring-inputs target most amacrine cells non-selectively and thus it resembles the divergent dopaminergic innervation of other brain areas.
MeSH term(s)	Amacrine Cells/enzymology ; Amacrine Cells/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retina/enzymology ; Retina/ultrastructure ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/biosynthesis
Chemical Substances	Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80158-6
ISSN	1471-4159 ; 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
ISSN (online)	1471-4159
ISSN	0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
DOI	10.1111/jnc.13144
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Article ; Online: Pathologic alterations of the outer retina in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Énzsöly, Anna / Szabó, Arnold / Kántor, Orsolya / Dávid, Csaba / Szalay, Péter / Szabó, Klaudia / Szél, Ágoston / Németh, János / Lukáts, Ákos

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

2014 Volume 55, Issue 6, Page(s) 3686–3699

Abstract: Purpose: Neurodegeneration as an early event of diabetic retinopathy preceding clinically detectable vascular alterations is a widely proven issue today. While there is evidence for the impairment of color vision and contrast sensitivity in early ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Neurodegeneration as an early event of diabetic retinopathy preceding clinically detectable vascular alterations is a widely proven issue today. While there is evidence for the impairment of color vision and contrast sensitivity in early diabetes, suggesting deteriorated photoreceptor function, the underlying neuropathology of these functional alterations is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of early diabetes on the outer retinal cells. Methods: The retinal pigment epithelium, photopigment expression, and density and morphology of photoreceptors were studied using immunocytochemistry in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in two rat strains. The fine structure of photoreceptors and pigment epithelium was also investigated with transmission electron microscopy. Results: Here we found that retinal thickness was unchanged in diabetic animals and that no significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells was present. Although the density of cones expressing middle (M)- and shortwave (S)-sensitive opsins was similar in diabetic and control retinas, we detected remarkable morphologic signs of degeneration in the outer segments of diabetic rods, most M-cones, and some S-cones. A decrease in thickness and RPE65 protein immunoreactivity of the pigment epithelium were evident. Furthermore, an increased number of dual cones, coexpressing both M- and S-opsins, was detected at the peripheral retina of diabetic rats. Conclusions: Degenerative changes of photoreceptors and pigment epithelium shown here prior to apoptotic loss of photoreceptors may contribute to functional alterations reported in diabetic human patients and different animal models, thus may serve as a potential model for testing the efficacy of neuroprotective agents in diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Count ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism ; Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lectins/metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment/metabolism ; Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment/ultrastructure ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/ultrastructure
Chemical Substances	Lectins
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391794-0
ISSN	1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
ISSN (online)	1552-5783
ISSN	0146-0404
DOI	10.1167/iovs.13-13562
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