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Article ; Online: Inter-ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics-is there more that unites than divides?

Olafuyi, Olusola / Parekh, Nikita / Wright, Jacob / Koenig, Jennifer

2021 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) e00890

Abstract: Inter-ethnic variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) has been attributed to several factors ranging from genetic to environmental. It is not clear how current teaching in higher education (HE) reflects what published literature suggests on this subject. ... ...

Abstract	Inter-ethnic variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) has been attributed to several factors ranging from genetic to environmental. It is not clear how current teaching in higher education (HE) reflects what published literature suggests on this subject. This study aims to gain insights into current knowledge about inter-ethnic differences in PK based on reports from published literature and current teaching practices in HE. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus to identify suitable literature to be reviewed. Insights into inter-ethnic differences in PK teaching among educators in HE and industry were determined using a questionnaire. Thirty-one percent of the studies reviewed reported inter-ethnic differences in PK, of these, 37% of authors suggested genetic polymorphism as possible explanation for the inter-ethnic differences observed. Other factors authors proposed included diet and weight differences between ethnicities. Most respondents (80%) who taught inter-ethnic difference in PK attributed inter-ethnic differences to genetic polymorphism. While genetic polymorphism is one source of variability in PK, the teaching of genetic polymorphism is better associated with interindividual variabilities rather than inter-ethnic differences in PK as there are no genes with PK implications specific to any one ethnic group. Nongenetic factors such as diet, weight, and environmental factors, should be highlighted as potential sources of interindividual variation in the PK of drugs.
MeSH term(s)	Education/methods ; Ethnicity ; Humans ; Pharmacokinetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2740389-0
ISSN	2052-1707 ; 2052-1707
ISSN (online)	2052-1707
ISSN	2052-1707
DOI	10.1002/prp2.890
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Article ; Online: In Vitro Myelination of Peripheral Axons in a Coculture of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Explants and Schwann Cells.

Blusch, Alina / Sgodzai, Melissa / Rilke, Niklas / Motte, Jeremias / König, Jennifer / Pitarokoili, Kalliopi / Grüter, Thomas

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2023 , Issue 192

Abstract: The process of myelination is essential to enable rapid and sufficient signal transduction in the nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, neurons and Schwann cells engage in a complex interaction to control the myelination of axons. ... ...

Abstract	The process of myelination is essential to enable rapid and sufficient signal transduction in the nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, neurons and Schwann cells engage in a complex interaction to control the myelination of axons. Disturbances of this interaction and breakdown of the myelin sheath are hallmarks of inflammatory neuropathies and occur secondarily in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we present a coculture model of dorsal root ganglion explants and Schwann cells, which develops a robust myelination of peripheral axons to investigate the process of myelination in the peripheral nervous system, study axon-Schwann cell interactions, and evaluate the potential effects of therapeutic agents on each cell type separately. Methodologically, dorsal root ganglions of embryonic rats (E13.5) were harvested, dissociated from their surrounding tissue, and cultured as whole explants for 3 days. Schwann cells were isolated from 3-week-old adult rats, and sciatic nerves were enzymatically digested. The resulting Schwann cells were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting and cultured under neuregulin and forskolin-enriched conditions. After 3 days of dorsal root ganglion explant culture, 30,000 Schwann cells were added to one dorsal root ganglion explant in a medium containing ascorbic acid. The first signs of myelination were detected on day 10 of coculture, through scattered signals for myelin basic protein in immunocytochemical staining. From day 14 onward, myelin sheaths were formed and propagated along the axons. Myelination can be quantified by myelin basic protein staining as a ratio of the myelination area and axon area, to account for the differences in axonal density. This model provides experimental opportunities to study various aspects of peripheral myelination in vitro, which is crucial for understanding the pathology of and possible treatment opportunities for demyelination and neurodegeneration in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism ; Coculture Techniques ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Schwann Cells ; Axons/physiology ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism ; Sciatic Nerve ; Cells, Cultured
Chemical Substances	Myelin Basic Protein
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/64768
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Article ; Online: Developing an international concept-based curriculum for pharmacology education: The promise of core concepts and concept inventories.

Guilding, Clare / Kelly-Laubscher, Roisin / Netere, Adeladlew / Babey, Anna-Marie / Restini, Carolina / Cunningham, Margaret / Kelly, John P / Koenig, Jennifer / Karpa, Kelly / Hawes, Martin / Tucker, Steven J / Angelo, Thomas A / White, Paul J

British journal of clinical pharmacology

2023

Abstract: Over recent years, studies have shown that science and health profession graduates demonstrate gaps in their fundamental pharmacology knowledge and ability to apply pharmacology concepts in practice. This article reviews the current challenges faced by ... ...

Abstract	Over recent years, studies have shown that science and health profession graduates demonstrate gaps in their fundamental pharmacology knowledge and ability to apply pharmacology concepts in practice. This article reviews the current challenges faced by pharmacology educators, including the exponential growth in discipline knowledge and competition for curricular time. We then argue that pharmacology education should focus on essential concepts that enable students to develop beyond 'know' towards 'know how to'. A concept-based approach will help educators prioritize and benchmark their pharmacology curriculum, facilitate integration of pharmacology with other disciplines in the curriculum, create alignment between universities and improve application of pharmacology knowledge to professional contexts such as safe prescribing practices. To achieve this, core concepts first need to be identified and unpacked, and methods for teaching and assessment using concept inventories developed. The International Society for Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Education Section (IUPHAR-Ed) Core Concepts of Pharmacology (CCP) initiative involves over 300 educators from the global pharmacology community. CCP has identified and defined the core concepts of pharmacology, together with key underpinning sub-concepts. To realize these benefits, pharmacology educators must develop methods to teach and assess core concepts. Work to develop concept inventories is ongoing, including identifying student misconceptions of the core concepts and creating a bank of multiple-choice questions to assess student understanding. Future work aims to develop and validate materials and methods to help educators embed core concepts within curricula. Potential strategies that educators can use to overcome factors that inhibit adoption of core concepts are presented.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188974-6
ISSN	1365-2125 ; 0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
ISSN (online)	1365-2125
ISSN	0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
DOI	10.1111/bcp.15985
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Article ; Online: The population ecology of two tropical trees, Brachychiton diversifolius (Malvaceae) and Bombax ceiba (Bombaceae), harvested by Indigenous woodcarvers in Arnhem Land, Australia.

Koenig, Jennifer / Griffiths, Anthony

Environmental management

2012 Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 555–565

Abstract: We describe the population ecology of two tropical deciduous trees, Bombax ceiba leiocarpum A. Robyns and Brachychiton diversifolius R. Br., which are in high demand for Indigenous sculpture production in Arnhem Land, Australia. ... ...

Abstract	We describe the population ecology of two tropical deciduous trees, Bombax ceiba leiocarpum A. Robyns and Brachychiton diversifolius R. Br., which are in high demand for Indigenous sculpture production in Arnhem Land, Australia. We monitored tagged populations of both species at two locations for 2 years to examine their reproduction, growth, and survival rates and their response to harvest. Both species have similar life histories: they reproduce during the dry season (June-November) producing a high seed load, seed predation was high, seeds did not survive in the soil past the following wet season to form a seed bank, and germination rates were low and variable for both species. Average annual circumference growth rates were 1.07 cm year(-1) for B. ceiba and 0.98 cm year(-1) for B. diversifolius, with most of the growth occurring during the early wet season. Most (65-88 %) of the harvested B. ceiba and B. diversifolius stems coppiced. Coppice and stem size class were the main factors influencing tree growth rates with coppice stems growing up to six times faster than similar sized non-coppice stems. The survival of B. ceiba and B. diversifolius stems was size class dependent and affected by local site factors (e.g. fire and other disturbances) so that the smaller size classes had a low probability of survival. Given the resprouting potential of both species, their wild harvest is likely to have only minimal local impact on wild populations. However, further population modelling is required to determine whether the small and disjunct B. ceiba populations can sustain harvesting at current levels.
MeSH term(s)	Australia ; Bombax/growth & development ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Forestry ; Germination ; Malvaceae/growth & development ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Seeds
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1478932-2
ISSN	1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
ISSN (online)	1432-1009
ISSN	0364-152X
DOI	10.1007/s00267-012-9911-9
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Article ; Online: Defining and unpacking the core concepts of pharmacology: A global initiative.

Guilding, Clare / White, Paul J / Cunningham, Margaret / Kelly-Laubscher, Roisin / Koenig, Jennifer / Babey, Anna-Marie / Tucker, Steve / Kelly, John P / Gorman, Laurel / Aronsson, Patrik / Hawes, Martin / Ngo, Suong N T / Mifsud, Janet / Werners, Arend H / Hinton, Tina / Khan, Fouzia / Aljofan, Mohamad / Angelo, Tom

British journal of pharmacology

2023 Volume 181, Issue 3, Page(s) 375–392

Abstract: Background and purpose: Development of core concepts in disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology and physiology have transformed teaching. They provide the foundation for the development of teaching resources for global educators, as well as valid ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Development of core concepts in disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology and physiology have transformed teaching. They provide the foundation for the development of teaching resources for global educators, as well as valid and reliable approaches to assessment. An international research consensus recently identified 25 core concepts of pharmacology. The current study aimed to define and unpack these concepts. Experimental approach: A two-phase, iterative approach, involving 60 international pharmacology education experts, was used. The first phase involved drafting definitions for core concepts and identifying key sub-concepts via a series of online meetings and asynchronous work. These were refined in the second phase, through a 2-day hybrid workshop followed by a further series of online meetings and asynchronous work. Key results: The project produced consensus definitions for a final list of 24 core concepts and 103 sub-concepts of pharmacology. The iterative, discursive methodology resulted in modification of concepts from the original study, including change of 'drug-receptor interaction' to 'drug-target interaction' and the change of the core concept 'agonists and antagonists' to sub-concepts of drug-target interaction. Conclusions and implications: Definitions and sub-concepts of 24 core concepts provide an evidence-based foundation for pharmacology curricula development and evaluation. The next steps for this project include the development of a concept inventory to assess acquisition of concepts, as well as the development of case studies and educational resources to support teaching by the global pharmacology community, and student learning of the most critical and fundamental concepts of the discipline.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Curriculum ; Pharmacology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80081-8
ISSN	1476-5381 ; 0007-1188
ISSN (online)	1476-5381
ISSN	0007-1188
DOI	10.1111/bph.16222
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Article: The Population Ecology of Two Tropical Trees, Brachychiton diversifolius (Malvaceae) and Bombax ceiba (Bombaceae), Harvested by Indigenous Woodcarvers in Arnhem Land, Australia

Koenig, Jennifer / Griffiths, Anthony

Environmental management. 2012 Oct., v. 50, no. 4

2012

Abstract	We describe the population ecology of two tropical deciduous trees, Bombax ceiba leiocarpum A. Robyns and Brachychiton diversifolius R. Br., which are in high demand for Indigenous sculpture production in Arnhem Land, Australia. We monitored tagged populations of both species at two locations for 2 years to examine their reproduction, growth, and survival rates and their response to harvest. Both species have similar life histories: they reproduce during the dry season (June–November) producing a high seed load, seed predation was high, seeds did not survive in the soil past the following wet season to form a seed bank, and germination rates were low and variable for both species. Average annual circumference growth rates were 1.07 cm year−1 for B. ceiba and 0.98 cm year−1 for B. diversifolius, with most of the growth occurring during the early wet season. Most (65–88 %) of the harvested B. ceiba and B. diversifolius stems coppiced. Coppice and stem size class were the main factors influencing tree growth rates with coppice stems growing up to six times faster than similar sized non-coppice stems. The survival of B. ceiba and B. diversifolius stems was size class dependent and affected by local site factors (e.g. fire and other disturbances) so that the smaller size classes had a low probability of survival. Given the resprouting potential of both species, their wild harvest is likely to have only minimal local impact on wild populations. However, further population modelling is required to determine whether the small and disjunct B. ceiba populations can sustain harvesting at current levels.
Keywords	Bombax ceiba ; Brachychiton ; dry season ; germination ; harvesting ; models ; population ecology ; probability ; reproduction ; seed predation ; seeds ; soil ; stems ; tree growth ; trees ; wet season ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-10
Size	p. 555-565.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1478932-2
ISSN	1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
ISSN (online)	1432-1009
ISSN	0364-152X
DOI	10.1007/s00267-012-9911-9
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Evidences for Mutant Huntingtin Inducing Musculoskeletal and Brain Growth Impairments via Disturbing Testosterone Biosynthesis in Male Huntington Disease Animals.

Yu-Taeger, Libo / Novati, Arianna / Weber, Jonasz Jeremiasz / Singer-Mikosch, Elisabeth / Pabst, Ann-Sophie / Cheng, Fubo / Saft, Carsten / Koenig, Jennifer / Ellrichmann, Gisa / Heikkinen, Taneli / Pouladi, Mahmoud A / Riess, Olaf / Nguyen, Huu Phuc

Cells

2022 Volume 11, Issue 23

Abstract: Body weight (BW) loss and reduced body mass index (BMI) are the most common peripheral alterations in Huntington disease (HD) and have been found in HD mutation carriers and HD animal models before the manifestation of neurological symptoms. This ... ...

Abstract	Body weight (BW) loss and reduced body mass index (BMI) are the most common peripheral alterations in Huntington disease (HD) and have been found in HD mutation carriers and HD animal models before the manifestation of neurological symptoms. This suggests that, at least in the early disease stage, these changes could be due to abnormal tissue growth rather than tissue atrophy. Moreover, BW and BMI are reported to be more affected in males than females in HD animal models and patients. Here, we confirmed sex-dependent growth alterations in the BACHD rat model for HD and investigated the associated contributing factors. Our results showed growth abnormalities along with decreased plasma testosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels only in males. Moreover, we demonstrated correlations between growth parameters, IGF-1, and testosterone. Our analyses further revealed an aberrant transcription of testosterone biosynthesis-related genes in the testes of BACHD rats with undisturbed luteinizing hormone (LH)/cAMP/PKA signaling, which plays a key role in regulating the transcription process of some of these genes. In line with the findings in BACHD rats, analyses in the R6/2 mouse model of HD showed similar results. Our findings support the view that mutant huntingtin may induce abnormal growth in males via the dysregulation of gene transcription in the testis, which in turn can affect testosterone biosynthesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Brain/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Huntington Disease/genetics ; Huntington Disease/metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Testosterone/biosynthesis ; Huntingtin Protein/genetics
Chemical Substances	Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (67763-96-6) ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Huntingtin Protein
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11233779
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Article: Assessment of receptor internalization and recycling.

Koenig, Jennifer A

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2004 Volume 259, Page(s) 249–273

Abstract: Internalization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) occurs in response to agonist activation of the receptors and causes a redistribution of receptors away from the plasma membrane toward endosomes. Internalization of lower-affinity small molecule ... ...

Abstract	Internalization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) occurs in response to agonist activation of the receptors and causes a redistribution of receptors away from the plasma membrane toward endosomes. Internalization of lower-affinity small molecule GPCRs such as muscarinic acetylcholine and adrenergic receptors has been measured using hydrophilic antagonist radioligands that are membrane impermeant. In contrast, internalization of peptide hormone receptors is assessed by measuring the internalization of a radiolabeled- or fluorescently labeled peptide hormone. More recently, the use of epitope-tagged receptors has allowed the measurement of changes in receptor subcellular distribution by the use of immunoassay and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. This chapter describes each of these approaches to the measurement of receptor internalization and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arrestin/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Protein Transport/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay/methods ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Somatostatin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Arrestin ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Somatostatin (51110-01-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1064-3745
ISSN	1064-3745
DOI	10.1385/1-59259-754-8:249
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Article ; Online: Identifying the core concepts of pharmacology education: A global initiative.

White, Paul J / Guilding, Clare / Angelo, Tom / Kelly, John P / Gorman, Laurel / Tucker, Steven J / Fun, Ashleigh / Han, Jae / Chen, Guanliang / Samak, Yassmin / Babey, Anna-Marie / Caetano, Fabiana A / Sarangi, Sudhir Chandra / Koenig, Jennifer / Hao, Haiping / Goldfarb, Joseph / Karpa, Kelly / Vieira, Luciene / Restini, Carolina /

Cunningham, Margaret / Aronsson, Patrik / Kelly-Laubscher, Roisin / Hernandez, Mark / Rangachari, Patangi K / Mifsud, Janet / Mraiche, Fatima / Sabra, Ramzi / Piñeros, Octavio / Zhen, Xuechu / Kwanashie, Helen / Exintaris, Betty / Karunaratne, Nilushi / Ishii, Kuniaki / Liu, Yannee

British journal of pharmacology

2023 Volume 180, Issue 9, Page(s) 1197–1209

Abstract: Background and purpose: In recent decades, a focus on the most critical and fundamental concepts has proven highly advantageous to students and educators in many science disciplines. Pharmacology, unlike microbiology, biochemistry, or physiology, lacks ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: In recent decades, a focus on the most critical and fundamental concepts has proven highly advantageous to students and educators in many science disciplines. Pharmacology, unlike microbiology, biochemistry, or physiology, lacks a consensus list of such core concepts. Experimental approach: We sought to develop a research-based, globally relevant list of core concepts that all students completing a foundational pharmacology course should master. This two-part project consisted of exploratory and refinement phases. The exploratory phase involved empirical data mining of the introductory sections of five key textbooks, in parallel with an online survey of over 200 pharmacology educators from 17 countries across six continents. The refinement phase involved three Delphi rounds involving 24 experts from 15 countries across six continents. Key results: The exploratory phase resulted in a consolidated list of 74 candidate core concepts. In the refinement phase, the expert group produced a consensus list of 25 core concepts of pharmacology. Conclusion and implications: This list will allow pharmacology educators everywhere to focus their efforts on the conceptual knowledge perceived to matter most by experts within the discipline. Next steps for this project include defining and unpacking each core concept and developing resources to help pharmacology educators globally teach and assess these concepts within their educational contexts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80081-8
ISSN	1476-5381 ; 0007-1188
ISSN (online)	1476-5381
ISSN	0007-1188
DOI	10.1111/bph.16000
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Article: Online-Einkaufsverhalten von jungen Menschen

Mangold, Franziska / Bischoff, Carolin / Luft, Julia / Hechtel-König, Jennifer / Lührmann, Petra

Haushalt in Bildung & Forschung

2017 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 99

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2651075-3
ISSN	2193-8806
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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