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  1. Article ; Online: Target2-Salden steigen wieder

    König, Philipp

    DIW-Wochenbericht : Wirtschaft, Politik, Wissenschaft Vol. 83, No. 43 , p. 1044

    keine Krise, aber ein Weckruf

    2016  Volume 83, Issue 43, Page(s) 1044

    Author's details Dr. Philipp König (wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Makroökonomie am DIW Berlin)
    Language Undetermined
    Size Online-Ressource
    Publisher DIW
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2029233-8
    ISSN 1860-8787 ; 0012-1304
    ISSN (online) 1860-8787
    ISSN 0012-1304
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  2. Article ; Online: A biscarbene gold(I)-NHC-complex overcomes cisplatin-resistance in A2780 and W1 ovarian cancer cells highlighting pERK as regulator of apoptosis.

    König, Philipp / Zhulenko, Roman / Suparman, Eloy / Hoffmeister, Henrik / Bückreiß, Nico / Ott, Ingo / Bendas, Gerd

    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology

    2023  Volume 92, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–69

    Abstract: Purpose: Cisplatin resistance is the major obstacle in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance are multifaceted. Gold(I)-compounds, i.e. N-heterocyclic carbene-gold(I)-complexes (NHC-Au(I)) has ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Cisplatin resistance is the major obstacle in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance are multifaceted. Gold(I)-compounds, i.e. N-heterocyclic carbene-gold(I)-complexes (NHC-Au(I)) has been regarded as promising cytotoxic drug candidates. However, their potential to overcome cisplatin resistance has hardly been addressed yet. Here we investigated the activity of the gold(I) drug auranofin and the NHC-Au(I)-compound MC3 in W1CR and A2780cis cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells.
    Methods: Cytotoxicity of auranofin and MC3 was detected by MTT assay, correlated with intracellular gold(I) content, analyzed by AAS, and with flow cytometric detection of the cell cycle. Insight into cellular redox balance was provided by fluorimetric ROS-formation assay and western blotting thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. The role of ERK was elucidated by using the inhibitor SCH772984 and its impact on cytotoxicity upon co-treatment with cisplatin and Au(I)-compounds, respectively.
    Results: MC3 overcomes cisplatin resistance in A2780cis and W1CR, and auranofin in W1CR cells completely, which is neither reflected by intracellular gold levels nor cell cycle changes. Upregulated redox balance appears as a basis for resistance. W1CR cells possess higher Trx levels, whereas A2780cis cells display strong Nrf2 expression as anti-oxidative protection. Nevertheless, overcoming redox balance appears not primary mode of activity comparing cisplatin and gold(I)-compounds. pERK emerges as a critical component and thus a promising target for overcoming resistance, regulating apoptosis differently in response to either gold(I) or cisplatin in A2780 cells.
    Conclusion: These data reflect the complexity of cisplatin resistance in cell models and emphasize NHC-Au(I)-complexes as prospective cytotoxic agents for further investigations in that respect.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Cisplatin/pharmacology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Gold ; Auranofin/pharmacology ; Auranofin/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Prospective Studies ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis
    Chemical Substances Cisplatin (Q20Q21Q62J) ; Gold (7440-57-5) ; Auranofin (3H04W2810V) ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Antineoplastic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 6820-2
    ISSN 1432-0843 ; 0344-5704 ; 0943-9404
    ISSN (online) 1432-0843
    ISSN 0344-5704 ; 0943-9404
    DOI 10.1007/s00280-023-04548-1
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  3. Article ; Online: The Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Syndecan-1 Triggers Breast Cancer Cell-Induced Coagulability by Induced Expression of Tissue Factor.

    Hassan, Nourhan / Bückreiß, Nico / Efing, Janes / Schulz-Fincke, Marie / König, Philipp / Greve, Burkhard / Bendas, Gerd / Götte, Martin

    Cells

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 6

    Abstract: Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Sdc-1 knockdown results in reduced angiogenesis and the dysregulation of tissue factor (TF) pathway constituents. Here, we evaluate the regulatory mechanisms and ... ...

    Abstract Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Sdc-1 knockdown results in reduced angiogenesis and the dysregulation of tissue factor (TF) pathway constituents. Here, we evaluate the regulatory mechanisms and functional consequences of the Sdc-1/TF-axis using Sdc-1 knockdown and overexpression approaches in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Gene expression was analyzed by means of qPCR. Thrombin generation and cell migration were detected. Cell-cycle progression and apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry. In MDA-MB-231 cells, IL6, IL8, VEGF, and IGFR-dependent signaling affected TF pathway expression depending on Sdc-1. Notably, Sdc-1 depletion and TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) synergistically affected PTEN, MAPK, and STAT3 signaling. At the functional level, the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of TFPI depended on Sdc-1, whereas Sdc-1's modulation of cell motility was not affected by TFPI. Sdc-1 overexpression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells led to increased TF expression, inducing a procoagulative phenotype, as indicated by the activation of human platelets and increased thrombin formation. A novel understanding of the functional interplay between Sdc-1 and the TF pathway may be compatible with the classical co-receptor role of Sdc-1 in cytokine signaling. This opens up the possibility of a new functional understanding, with Sdc-1 fostering coagulation and platelet communication as the key to the hematogenous metastatic spread of breast cancer cells.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Syndecan-1/metabolism ; Thrombin/pharmacology ; Thrombin/metabolism ; Thromboplastin/genetics ; Thromboplastin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Syndecan-1 ; Thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) ; Thromboplastin (9035-58-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells12060910
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  4. Article: Liquidity requirements

    König, Philipp Johann

    International journal of central banking : IJCB Vol. 11, No. 4 , p. 129-168

    a double-edged sword

    2015  Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 129–168

    Author's details Philipp Johann König
    Keywords Bankinsolvenz ; Bankenaufsicht ; Mindestreserve ; Basler Akkord ; Bankenliquidität ; Spieltheorie ; Theorie
    Language English
    Publisher Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
    Publishing place San Francisco, Calif.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2192333-4
    ISSN 1815-4654
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  5. Book ; Online: The natural rate of interest

    Chervyakov, Dmitry / König, Philipp Johann

    (DIW Roundup ; 109)

    2017  

    Abstract: The concept of the natural rate of interest (NRI) dates back to Wicksell (1898) and has since then been highly debated in the economic literature. In practice, estimates of the NRI can be employed as a versatile tool for macroeconomic analysis and are a ... ...

    Series title DIW Roundup ; 109
    Abstract The concept of the natural rate of interest (NRI) dates back to Wicksell (1898) and has since then been highly debated in the economic literature. In practice, estimates of the NRI can be employed as a versatile tool for macroeconomic analysis and are a core element within the popular neo-Wicksellian (or New-Keynesian) framework. The real rate gap, i.e. the difference between the actual interest rate and the NRI, provides valuable information about the state of the economy and can help policy makers to adjust the monetary policy stance. However, the NRI cannot be directly observed and has to be calculated from other economic data. While the empirical literature provides various estimation approaches, all of them are subject to serious measurement problems and yield fairly uncertain estimates. This Roundup reviews the advantages and shortcomings of the most popular measurement methods and presents an estimation of the NRI and the real rate gap based on the Laubach and Williams (2003) model.
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 9 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  6. Book ; Online: The natural rate of interest

    König, Philipp Johann / Chervyakov, Dmitry

    (DIW Roundup ; 108)

    2017  

    Abstract: The term natural (or neutral) real interest rate refers to the equilibrium value of the real interest rate. As this equilibrium is usually conceived as a situation where inflationary or deflationary pressures have abated, the natural real interest rate ... ...

    Series title DIW Roundup ; 108
    Abstract The term natural (or neutral) real interest rate refers to the equilibrium value of the real interest rate. As this equilibrium is usually conceived as a situation where inflationary or deflationary pressures have abated, the natural real interest rate is a key concept for central banks seeking to stabilize the general price level or targeting the rate of inflation. The present roundup provides a brief historical review of this concept and explains the relevance of the natural real rate for monetary policy analysis.
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 8 Seiten)
    Publisher Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  7. Book ; Online: The effect of LNG on the relationship between UK and Continental European natural gas markets

    Koenig, Philipp

    (Cambridge working papers in economics ; 1253 ; EPRG working paper ; 1225)

    2012  

    Author's details Philipp Koenig
    Series title Cambridge working papers in economics ; 1253
    EPRG working paper ; 1225
    Keywords LNG ; Natural Gas ; Oil-indexation ; Cointegration ; Structural Breaks ; Unobserved Components Model
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (55 S.), graph. Darst.
    Publisher Univ. of Cambridge, Dep. of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics
    Publishing place Cambridge
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note IMD-Felder maschinell generiert
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  8. Book ; Online: Implications for the euro area of divergent monetary policy stances by the Fed and the ECB

    Bernoth, Kerstin / König, Philipp Johann

    the role of financial spillovers : in-depth analysis

    (DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt ; 107)

    2016  

    Author's details Kerstin Bernoth, Philipp J. König
    Series title DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt ; 107
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher DIW Berlin, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Book ; Online
    ISBN 3938762993 ; 9783938762998
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  9. Book ; Online: Information acquisition and liquidity dry-ups

    Koenig, Philipp / Pothier, David

    (SFB 649 discussion paper ; 2016-045)

    2016  

    Abstract: We analyze a novel feedback mechanism between market and funding liquidity that causes self-fulfilling liquidity dry-ups. Financial firms facing funding withdrawals have an incentive to acquire information about their assets. Those with good assets gain ... ...

    Author's details Philipp Koenig, David Pothier
    Series title SFB 649 discussion paper ; 2016-045
    Abstract We analyze a novel feedback mechanism between market and funding liquidity that causes self-fulfilling liquidity dry-ups. Financial firms facing funding withdrawals have an incentive to acquire information about their assets. Those with good assets gain by resorting to outside liquidity sources and withhold assets from secondary markets. This leads to adverse selectrion and lowers market prices. If prices fall by enough, funding withdrawals are amplified and market and funding illiquidity become mutually reinforcing. We compare different policy measures that can mitigate the risk of inefficient liquidity dry-ups. While outright debt purchases can implement the efficient allocation, liquidity injections may backfire and exacerbate adverse selection.
    Keywords Information Acquisition ; Market Liquidity ; Financial Crises
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher SFB 649, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  10. Article ; Online: Verdeckte Staatsfinanzierung oder erlaubte Portfoliosteuerung?

    König, Philipp / Bernoth, Kerstin

    DIW-Wochenbericht : Wirtschaft, Politik, Wissenschaft Vol. 83, No. 12/13 , p. 243-252

    das ANFA-Abkommen des Eurosystems

    2016  Volume 83, Issue 12, Page(s) 243–252

    Abstract: As well as implementing the common monetary policy, the national central banks (NCBs) which, together with the European Central Bank (ECB) form the Eurosystem, are also responsible for performing a range of national tasks. Among other things, these ... ...

    Author's details von Philipp König und Kerstin Bernoth
    Abstract As well as implementing the common monetary policy, the national central banks (NCBs) which, together with the European Central Bank (ECB) form the Eurosystem, are also responsible for performing a range of national tasks. Among other things, these include the management of their financial assets portfolios. To ensure that this function does not interfere with the implementation of the single monetary policy, the Agreement on Net Financial Assets (ANFA) limits the total net amount of financial assets (NFA) the NCBs are permitted to hold. National central bank purchases of government bonds under ANFA have led to public accusations that this was tantamount to covert monetary financing of fiscal deficits through the "printing press" by the national central banks. The present report first explains the Agreement on Net Financial Assets and shows the volume of securities purchased by the different NCBs under ANFA. Based on this, it examines the extent to which the accusation of monetary financing may be justified. Although there have been indications of certain national banks increasing the government bond holdings on their balance sheets in recent years, this does not provide sufficient evidence of monetary financing. However, the public debate on ANFA clearly highlights the Eurosystem’s lack of transparency, particularly that of the NCBs. To ensure that confidence in European monetary policy is not undermined and both transparency and communication are improved, more detailed information on the development of NCBs' balance sheets must be published more regularly.

    Neben der Durchführung geldpolitischer Operationen nehmen die nationalen Zentralbanken des Eurosystems eine Reihe von nationalen Aufgaben in eigener Verantwortung wahr. Dazu zählt auch die Verwaltung ihrer Portfolios. Damit dies nicht in Konflikt mit der Durchführung der gemeinsamen Geldpolitik gerät, gibt das "Agreement on Net Financial Assets" (ANFA) den nationalen Zentralbanken eine Obergrenze für ihre Nettofinanzanlagen (NFA) vor. Ankäufe von Staatsanleihen im Rahmen des ANFA haben in der Öffentlichkeit zu dem Vorwurf geführt, dass dies eine verdeckte Finanzierung fiskalischer Defizite durch die "Druckerpresse" der nationalen Notenbanken darstelle. Dieser Bericht erläutert zunächst die NFA-Vereinbarung und zeigt auf, in welchem Umfang verschiedene nationale Zentralbanken Wertpapierkäufe im Rahmen des ANFA getätigt haben. Darauf aufbauend wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern der Vorwurf monetärer Staatsfinanzierung gerechtfertigt ist. Auch wenn es Anzeichen dafür gibt, dass einige Nationalbanken in den letzten Jahren die Bestände an Staatsanleihen in ihren Bilanzen ausgeweitet haben, reicht dies nicht aus, um eine verdeckte monetäre Haushaltsfinanzierung zu belegen. Die öffentliche Debatte über das NFA-Abkommen weist allerdings auf ein deutliches Transparenzdefizit des Eurosystems, insbesondere der nationalen Notenbanken, hin. Um das Vertrauen in die europäische Geldpolitik nicht zu gefährden und Transparenz sowie Kommunikation zu verbessern, sollten Informationen über die Bilanzentwicklung der nationalen Zentralbanken detaillierter und regelmäßiger veröffentlicht werden.
    Keywords Monetary policy ; central banking ; financial markets
    Language German ; English
    Size Online-Ressource
    Publisher DIW
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
    ZDB-ID 2029233-8
    ISSN 1860-8787 ; 0012-1304
    ISSN (online) 1860-8787
    ISSN 0012-1304
    Database ECONomics Information System

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