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  1. Article ; Online: Care pathways of individuals with tuberculosis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bandung, Indonesia.

    Huria, Lavanya / Lestari, Bony Wiem / Saptiningrum, Eka / Fikri, Auliya Ramanda / Oga-Omenka, Charity / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Daniels, Benjamin / Vasquez, Nathaly Aguilera / Sassi, Angelina / Das, Jishnu / Jani, Ira Dewi / Pai, Madhukar / Alisjahbana, Bachti

    PLOS global public health

    2024  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e0002251

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is thought to have undone years' worth of progress in the fight against tuberculosis (TB). For instance, in Indonesia, a high TB burden country, TB case notifications decreased by 14% and treatment coverage decreased by 47% during ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is thought to have undone years' worth of progress in the fight against tuberculosis (TB). For instance, in Indonesia, a high TB burden country, TB case notifications decreased by 14% and treatment coverage decreased by 47% during COVID-19. We sought to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on TB case detection using two cross-sectional surveys conducted before (2018) and after the onset of the pandemic (2021). These surveys allowed us to quantify the delays that individuals with TB who eventually received treatment at private providers faced while trying to access care for their illness, their journey to obtain a diagnosis, the encounters individuals had with healthcare providers before a TB diagnosis, and the factors associated with patient delay and the total number of provider encounters. We found some worsening of care seeking pathways on multiple dimensions. Median patient delay increased from 28 days (IQR: 10, 31) to 32 days (IQR: 14, 90) and the median number of encounters increased from 5 (IQR: 4, 8) to 7 (IQR: 5, 10), but doctor and treatment delays remained relatively unchanged. Employed individuals experienced shorter delays compared to unemployed individuals (adjusted medians: -20.13, CI -39.14, -1.12) while individuals whose initial consult was in the private hospitals experienced less encounters compared to those visiting public providers, private primary care providers, and informal providers (-4.29 encounters, CI -6.76, -1.81). Patients who visited the healthcare providers >6 times experienced longer total delay compared to those with less than 6 visits (adjusted medians: 59.40, 95% CI: 35.04, 83.77). Our findings suggest the need to ramp up awareness programs to reduce patient delay and strengthen private provide engagement in the country, particularly in the primary care sector.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-3375
    ISSN (online) 2767-3375
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002251
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  2. Article ; Online: Trends and correlates of low HIV knowledge among ever-married women of reproductive age: Evidence from cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 1996-2014.

    Tariqujjaman, Md / Hasan, Md Mehedi / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Hossain, Md Alamgir / Khan, Saad A / Sultana, Nadia / Azad, Rashidul / Hossain, Md Arif / Rahman, Mahfuzur / Hossain, Mohammad Bellal

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) e0286184

    Abstract: Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden has frequently been changing over time due to epidemiological and demographic transitions. To safeguard people, particularly women of reproductive age, who can be exposed to transmitting this ... ...

    Abstract Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden has frequently been changing over time due to epidemiological and demographic transitions. To safeguard people, particularly women of reproductive age, who can be exposed to transmitting this burden to the next generation, knowledge regarding this life-threatening virus needs to be increased. This research intends to identify the trends and associated correlates of "low" HIV knowledge among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh from 1996 to 2014.
    Methods: We analyzed data derived from six surveys of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1996, 1999, 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014. Analyses were primarily restricted to ever-married women aged 15-49 years who had ever heard of HIV. The correlates of "low" HIV knowledge were investigated using multiple binary logistic regression models.
    Results: The study found that the proportion of women with "low" HIV knowledge decreased from 72% in 1996 to 58% in 2014. In adjusted models, age at first marriage, level of education, wealth quintile, and place of residence (except in the survey year 2011) were found to be potential correlates of "low" HIV knowledge in all survey years. In the pooled analysis, we found lower odds of "low" HIV knowledge in the survey years 1999 (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.78), 2004 (AOR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.70), 2007 (AOR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.60), 2011 (AOR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.42) and 2014 (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.54) compared to the survey year 1996.
    Conclusion: The proportion of "low" HIV knowledge has declined over time, although the proportion of women with "low" HIV knowledge still remains high. The prevention of early marriage, the inclusion of HIV-related topics in the curricula, reduction of disparities between urban-rural and the poorest-richest groups may help to improve the level of HIV knowledge among ever-married Bangladeshi women.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; HIV ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Marriage ; HIV Infections/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0286184
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  3. Article ; Online: Assessing sustained uptake of latrine and child feces management interventions: Extended follow-up of a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh 1-3.5 years after intervention initiation.

    Islam, Mahfuza / Rahman, Mahbubur / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Unicomb, Leanne / Rahman, Mostafizur / Mertens, Andrew / Benjamin-Chung, Jade / Arnold, Benjamin F / Colford, John M / Luby, Stephen P / Ercumen, Ayse

    International journal of hygiene and environmental health

    2023  Volume 250, Page(s) 114149

    Abstract: Background: Sanitation interventions typically result in modest increases in latrine access, and any gains in latrine access and use are often not sustained over time. Sanitation programs also rarely include child-focused interventions such as potties. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Sanitation interventions typically result in modest increases in latrine access, and any gains in latrine access and use are often not sustained over time. Sanitation programs also rarely include child-focused interventions such as potties. We aimed to assess the sustained effect of a multi-component sanitation intervention on access to and use of latrines and child feces management tools in rural Bangladesh.
    Methods: We conducted a longitudinal substudy nested within the WASH Benefits randomized controlled trial. The trial provided latrine upgrades, child potties and sani-scoops for feces removal, along with behavior change promotion to encourage use of the delivered hardware. Promotion visits to intervention recipients were frequent during the first 2 years after intervention initiation, decreased in frequency between years 2-3, and ceased after 3 years. We enrolled a random subset of 720 households from the sanitation and control arms of the trial in a substudy and visited them quarterly between 1 and 3.5 years after intervention initiation. At each visit, field staff recorded sanitation-related behaviors through spot-check observations and structured questionnaires. We assessed intervention effects on observed indicators of hygienic latrine access, potty use and sani-scoop use and investigated whether these effects were modified by duration of follow-up, ongoing behavior change promotion and household characteristics.
    Results: The intervention increased hygienic latrine access from 37% among controls to 94% in the sanitation arm (p < 0.001). Access among intervention recipients remained high 3.5 years after intervention initiation, including periods with no active promotion. Gains in access were higher among households with less education, less wealth and larger number of residents. The intervention increased availability of child potties from 29% among controls to 98% in the sanitation arm (p < 0.001). However, fewer than 25% of intervention households reported exclusive child defecation in a potty or had observed indicators of potty and sani-scoop use, and gains in potty use declined over the follow-up period, even with ongoing promotion.
    Conclusion: Our findings from an intervention that provided free products and intensive initial behavior change promotion suggest a sustained increase in hygienic latrine access up to 3.5 years after intervention initiation but infrequent use of child feces management tools. Studies should investigate strategies to ensure sustained adoption of safe child feces management practices.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Toilet Facilities ; Bangladesh ; Follow-Up Studies ; Feces ; Hygiene ; Rural Population ; Sanitation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2009176-X
    ISSN 1618-131X ; 1438-4639
    ISSN (online) 1618-131X
    ISSN 1438-4639
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114149
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  4. Article: Antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections among under-5 children in Bangladesh: a population-based survey.

    Hassan, Md Zakiul / Monjur, Mohammad Riashad / Biswas, Md Abdullah Al Jubayer / Chowdhury, Fahmida / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Braithwaite, Jeffrey / Jaffe, Adam / Homaira, Nusrat

    BMJ global health

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 4

    Abstract: Introduction: Despite acute respiratory infections (ARIs) being the single largest reason for antibiotic use in under-5 children in Bangladesh, the prevalence of antibiotic use in the community for an ARI episode and factors associated with antibiotic ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Despite acute respiratory infections (ARIs) being the single largest reason for antibiotic use in under-5 children in Bangladesh, the prevalence of antibiotic use in the community for an ARI episode and factors associated with antibiotic use in this age group are unknown.
    Methods: We analysed nationally representative, population-based, household survey data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014 to determine the prevalence of antibiotic use in the community for ARI in under-5 children. Using a causal graph and multivariable logistical regression, we then identified and determined the sociodemographic and antibiotic source factors significantly associated with the use of antibiotics for an episode of ARI.
    Results: We analysed data for 2 144 children aged <5 years with symptoms of ARI from 17 300 households. In our sample, 829 children (39%) received antibiotics for their ARI episode (95% CI 35.4% to 42.0%). Under-5 children from rural households were 60% (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.6; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1) more likely to receive antibiotics compared with those from urban households, largely driven by prescriptions from unqualified or traditional practitioners. Private health facilities were 50% (aOR: 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.7) less likely to be sources of antibiotics compared with public health facilities and non-governmental organisations. Age of children, sex of children or household wealth had no impact on use of antibiotics.
    Conclusion: In this first nationally representative analysis of antibiotic use in under-5 children in Bangladesh, we found almost 40% of children received antibiotics for an ARI episode. The significant prevalence of antibiotic exposure in under-5 children supports the need for coordinated policy interventions and implementation of clinical practice guidelines at point of care to minimise the adverse effects attributed to antibiotic overuse.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Child ; Humans ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Rural Population
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2059-7908
    ISSN 2059-7908
    DOI 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004010
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  5. Article: Role of Qualified Physicians as Antenatal Care Providers in Reducing Birth Complications in Home-delivered Rural Women in Bangladesh.

    Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Ahmmed, Faisal / Hassan, Md Zakiul / Tariqujjaman, Md / Harun, Md Golam Dostogir G

    Cureus

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) e3974

    Abstract: Introduction Bangladesh has made significant strides in maternal and neonatal death by ensuring qualified antenatal care (ANC) visits during the pregnancy period of women. To ensure this qualified ANC, the government of Bangladesh has increased the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Bangladesh has made significant strides in maternal and neonatal death by ensuring qualified antenatal care (ANC) visits during the pregnancy period of women. To ensure this qualified ANC, the government of Bangladesh has increased the number of qualified physicians and skilled birth attendants at health facilities and encouraged pregnant women to take this eligible ANC during pregnancy. Despite this progress, the majority of deliveries among rural women still occur at home, assisted by traditional birth attendants. These traditional birth attendants at home or even skilled birth attendants at the health facility or home are not always cable of helping women to overcome severe delivery complications. Proper birth preparation before pregnancy through qualified ANC might be a solution here. Taking advice for appropriate birth preparation from a qualified physician (medical doctor) would ensure qualified ANC. In this study, we examined how ANC from a qualified physician, as compared to other trained providers, influences rural women delivering at home to prepare for birth and reduces severe delivery complications. Methods The data of 1554 rural women who delivered at home were extracted from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was carried out for the binary delivery complications data, to assess the influence of qualified physicians as ANC providers on delivery complications by adjusting the effect of other socio-demographic covariates and clustering. Results Of the women from rural areas who delivered at home, 42% reported delivery complications. Those who received ANC from a qualified physician were 32% less likely (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.50, 0.91) to report facing delivery complications as compared to those who had received ANC from other trained or unqualified providers adjusted by socio-demographic determinants in Bangladesh. Conclusions Developing a sustained and effective strategy could be a precedent for promoting ANC from qualified physicians for rural women delivering at home, to decrease delivery complications as well as creating healthy environments for safe deliveries.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.3974
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  6. Article ; Online: Exposure to Brucella spp. in Humans and Cows in a High Milk-Producing Area of Bangladesh.

    Shanta, Ireen Sultana / Heffelfinger, James D / Hossain, Kamal / Ahmed, Firoz / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Sultana, Shabiha / Tiller, Rebekah / Kennedy, Erin D / Kadzik, Melissa / Ivey, Melissa L / Islam, Ausraful / Ahmed, Syed Sayeem Uddin / Rahman, A K M Anisur / Giasuddin, Md / Negron, Maria E / Salzer, Johanna S

    EcoHealth

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 416–426

    Abstract: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by some species within the Brucella genus. The primary and secondary objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in humans and cows and identify risk ... ...

    Abstract Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by some species within the Brucella genus. The primary and secondary objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in humans and cows and identify risk factors for exposure to Brucella spp. among people in Shahjadpur sub-district, Bangladesh. Twenty-five villages were randomly selected from the 303 milk-producing villages in the sub-district. We randomly selected 5% of the total households from each village. At each household, we collected demographic information and history of potential exposure to Brucella spp. in humans. In addition, we collected serum from household participants and serum and milk from cattle and tested to detect antibodies to Brucella sp. Univariate analysis was performed to detect associations between seropositivity and demographics, risk factors, and behaviors in households. We enrolled 647 households, 1313 humans, and 698 cows. Brucella antibodies were detected in sera from 27 household participants (2.1%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2-2.9%). Eleven (1.6%, 95%CI 0.6-2.4%) cows had detectable Brucella antibodies in either milk or serum. About half (53%) of the 698 cows exhibited more than one reproductive problem within the past year; of these, seven (2%) had Brucella antibodies. Households with seropositive individuals more frequently reported owning cattle (78% vs. 32%, P < 0.001). Despite a low prevalence of Brucella seropositivity in the study, the public health importance of brucellosis cannot be ruled out. Further studies would help define Brucella prevalence and risk factors in this region and nationally.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Animals ; Cattle ; Brucella ; Milk ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Brucellosis/epidemiology ; Brucellosis/veterinary ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Bacterial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2164327-1
    ISSN 1612-9210 ; 1612-9202
    ISSN (online) 1612-9210
    ISSN 1612-9202
    DOI 10.1007/s10393-023-01660-9
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  7. Article ; Online: Private sector tuberculosis care quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: A repeated cross-sectional standardized patients study of adherence to national TB guidelines in urban Nigeria

    Sassi, Angelina / Rosapep, Lauren / Olusola-Faleye, Bolanle / Baruwa, Elaine / Johns, Ben / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Huria, Lavanya / Aguilera Vasquez, Nathaly / Daniels, Benjamin / Das, Jishnu / Anyaike, Chukwuma / Chijioke-Akaniro, Obioma / Pai, Madhukar / Oga-Omenka, Charity

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Only a third of TB cases in Nigeria in 2020 were diagnosed and notified, in part due to low detection and underreporting from the private health sector. Using a standardized patient (SP) survey approach, we assessed how management of presumptive TB in ... ...

    Abstract Only a third of TB cases in Nigeria in 2020 were diagnosed and notified, in part due to low detection and underreporting from the private health sector. Using a standardized patient (SP) survey approach, we assessed how management of presumptive TB in the private sector aligns with national guidelines and whether this differed from a study conducted before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirteen standardized patients presented a presumptive TB case to 511 private providers in urban areas of Lagos and Kano states in May and June 2021. Private provider case management was compared with national guidelines divided into three main steps: SP questioned about cough duration; sputum collection attempted for TB testing; and non-prescription of anti-TB medications, antibiotics, and steroids. SP visits conducted in May-June 2021 were directly compared to SP visits conducted in the same areas in June-July 2019. Overall, only 145 of 511 (28%, 95% CI: 24.5% – 32.5%) interactions were correctly managed according to Nigerian guidelines, as few providers completed all three necessary steps. Providers in 71% of visits asked about cough duration (362 of 511, 95% CI: 66.7% – 74.7%), 35% tested or recommended a sputum test (181 of 511, 95% CI: 31.3% – 39.8%), and 79% avoided prescribing or dispensing unnecessary medications (406 of 511, 95% CI: 75.6% – 82.8%). COVID-19 related questions were asked in only 2.4% (12 of 511, 95% CI: 1.3% – 4.2%) of visits. During the COVID-19 pandemic, few providers completed all steps of the national guidelines. Providers, however, performed better on individual steps, particularly asking about symptoms and avoiding prescription of harmful medications. Comparing visits conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that COVID-19 did not significantly change the quality of TB care.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2024.02.17.24302708
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Knowledge and attitudes associated with menopause among women aged 45 to 60 years: a pilot study among rural and urban women in Bangladesh.

    Harun, Md Golam Dostogir / Salema, Umme / Chowdhury, Aluddin / Haque, Md Imdadul / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Shahajahan, Md / Sharmin, Sabrina

    Menopause (New York, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 648–657

    Abstract: Objective: To assess knowledge and attitudes associated with the menopause transition among women in Bangladesh.: Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women (age range 45-60 y), 160 participants were selected from both urban and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess knowledge and attitudes associated with the menopause transition among women in Bangladesh.
    Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women (age range 45-60 y), 160 participants were selected from both urban and rural settings using a systematic sampling procedure. We used face-to-face interview techniques employing a semistructured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were done to assess the associated factors.
    Results: Around one-fourth (23%) of the participants did not have a basic understanding about symptoms of menopause. Knowledge about menopause increased proportionately with higher education levels (primary education, risk ratio [RR] = 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-22.92; secondary education, RR = 6.10, 95% CI = 1.26-29.41; higher education, RR = 6.74, 95% CI = 1.33-34) and was more common among urban than rural women (P = 0.001). In addition, women who were service holders had greater knowledge about menopause compared with women who worked in the home (RR = 8.67, 95% CI = 1.94-38.58). Most of the women (96%) suffered from different kinds of depression during the menopause transition. Key barriers to gaining knowledge about menopause included access to information (63%), social stigma (57%), and shame (52%).
    Conclusions: Menopause is a neglected issue in Bangladesh. Accurate and appropriate information regarding premenopause and menopause can help women cope with this life transition. Social and familial support may also play a role in minimizing isolation and depression. Public health messaging to increase awareness and knowledge about menopause should be undertaken to overcome the stigma and shame associated with menopause in Bangladesh. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A556.
    MeSH term(s) Bangladesh ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Rural Population
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1205262-0
    ISSN 1530-0374 ; 1072-3714
    ISSN (online) 1530-0374
    ISSN 1072-3714
    DOI 10.1097/GME.0000000000001525
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  9. Article ; Online: Individual healthcare-seeking pathways for tuberculosis in Nigeria’s private sector during the COVID-19 pandemic

    Oga-Omenka, Charity / Rosapep, Lauren / Huria, Lavanya / Vasquez, Nathaly Aguilera / Olusola-Faleye, Bolanle / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Sassi, Angelina / Nwosu, Chimdi / Johns, Benjamin / Adamu, Abdu / Chijioke-Akaniro, Obioma / Anyaike, Chukwuma / Pai, Madhukar

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Background: Pre-COVID-19, individuals with TB in Nigeria were often underdiagnosed and untreated. Care for TB was mostly in the public sector while only 15% of new cases in 2019 were from the private sector. Reports highlighted challenges in accessing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pre-COVID-19, individuals with TB in Nigeria were often underdiagnosed and untreated. Care for TB was mostly in the public sector while only 15% of new cases in 2019 were from the private sector. Reports highlighted challenges in accessing care in the private sector, which accounted for 67% of all initial care-seeking. Our study examined patients health seeking pathways for TB in Nigeria private sector, and explored any changes to care pathways during COVID, based on patients perspectives. Design/Methods: We conducted 180 cross-sectional surveys and 20 in-depth interviews with individuals having chest symptoms attending 18 high volume private clinics and hospitals in Kano and Lagos States. Questions focused on sociodemographic characteristics, health-seeking behavior and pathways to care during the COVID-19 periods. All surveys and interviews were conducted in May 2021. Results: Most participants were male (n=111, 62%), with average age of 37. Half (n=96, 53.4%) sought healthcare within a week of symptoms, while few (n=20, 11.1%) waited over 2 months. TB positive individuals had more health-seeking delays, and TB negative had more provider delays. On average, participants visited 2 providers in Kano and 1.69 in Lagos, with 61 (75%) in Kano and 48 (59%) in Lagos visiting other providers before the recruitment facility. Private providers were the initial encounters for most participants (n=60 or 66.7% in Kano, n-83 or 92.3% in Lagos). Most respondents (164 or 91%) experienced short-lived pandemic-related restrictions, particularly during the lockdowns, affecting access to transportation, and closed facilities. Conclusions: This study showed a few challenges in accessing TB healthcare in Nigeria, necessitating continued investment in healthcare infrastructure and resources, particularly in the private sector. Understanding the different care pathways and delays in care provides opportunities for targeted interventions to improve deployment of services closer to where patients first seek care.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-20
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2023.06.13.23291334
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article ; Online: Interpretation of molecular detection of avian influenza A virus in respiratory specimens collected from live bird market workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: infection or contamination?

    Hassan, Md Zakiul / Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine / Islam, Md Saiful / Afreen, Sadia / Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur / Kafi, Mohammad Abdullah Heel / Chowdhury, Sukanta / Khan, Salah Uddin / Rahman, Mustafizur / Nasreen, Sharifa / Davis, C Todd / Levine, Min Z / Rahman, Mahmudur / Luby, Stephen P / Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo / Iuliano, A D / Uyeki, Timothy M / Gurley, Emily S

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2023  Volume 136, Page(s) 22–28

    Abstract: Objectives: Interpreting real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) results for human avian influenza A virus (AIV) detection in contaminated settings like live bird markets (LBMs) without serology or viral culture poses a ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Interpreting real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) results for human avian influenza A virus (AIV) detection in contaminated settings like live bird markets (LBMs) without serology or viral culture poses a challenge.
    Methods: During February-March 2012 and November 2012-February 2013, we screened workers at nine LBMs in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to confirm molecular detections of AIV RNA in respiratory specimens with serology. We tested nasopharyngeal (NP) and throat swabs from workers with influenza-like illness (ILI) and NP, throat, and arm swabs from asymptomatic workers for influenza virus by rRT-PCR and sera for seroconversion and antibodies against HPAI A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) viruses.
    Results: Among 1273 ILI cases, 34 (2.6%) had A(H5), 56 (4%) had A(H9), and six (0.4%) had both A(H5) and A(H9) detected by rRT-PCR. Of 192 asymptomatic workers, A(H5) was detected in eight (4%) NP and 38 (20%) arm swabs. Of 28 ILI cases with A(H5) or A(H9) detected, none had evidence of seroconversion, but one (3.5%) and 12 (43%) were seropositive for A(H5) and A(H9), respectively.
    Conclusion: Detection of AIV RNA in respiratory specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic LBM workers without evidence of seroconversion or virus isolation suggests environmental contamination, emphasizing caution in interpreting rRT-PCR results in high viral load settings.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza in Birds/diagnosis ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Chickens ; RNA
    Chemical Substances RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-29
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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