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  1. Article: Gastrointestinal Colonization with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci In Hospitalized and Outpatients.

    Trajkovska-Dokic, Elena / Kaftandzieva, Ana / Stojkovska, Snezana / Kuzmanovska, Aneta / Panovski, Nikola

    Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences

    2014  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–11

    Abstract: Background: The incidence of infection and intestinal colonization with vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) is increasing in many countries in the last decade. Concerning the difficult antimicrobial treatment of infections caused by VRE, decreasing ... ...

    Abstract Background: The incidence of infection and intestinal colonization with vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) is increasing in many countries in the last decade. Concerning the difficult antimicrobial treatment of infections caused by VRE, decreasing the incidence and prevalence of these infections is an important factor in VRE-induced morbidity and mortality control.
    Aim: To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal colonization with vancomycin resistant enterococci in hospitalized and outpatients, and to determine the genetic base of the vancomycin resistance in VRE isolates.
    Material and methods: Seven hundred and eighty stool specimens were investigated for the gastrointestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Susceptibility to vancomycin was tested in all isolates by disk-diffusion test and E-test (AB Biodisk, Sweden). Determined vancomycin resistant enterococci were than tested for detection of vanA, vanB and vanC genes by PCR.
    Results: Vancomycin resistant strains of enterococci were isolated from 46 (16.1 %) of the 285 hospitalized patients and 5 (7.7 %) of the 65 patients living in the community (p < 0.05). The most of the highly resistant enterococci strains to vancomycin (95.2 %), were identified as E. faecium. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to vancomycin in all 39 vanA genotypes of E. faecium and two vanA genotypes of E. fecalis were > 256 μg/ml. Three vanB genotypes of E. faecium and one vanB genotype of E. faecalis had MICs of 32 μg/ml. All six vanC genotypes of E. gallinarum had MICs of 8 μg/ml. All vanA genotypes of VRE were highly resistant to vancomycin, with MICs above 256 μg/ml. Three vanB genotypes of VR E. faecium and one VR E. fecalis were resistant, with MICs 32 μg/ml. vanC genotypes of VR E. gallinarum were intermediate resistant to vancomycin with MICs of 8 μg/ml.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of vancomycin resistant enterococci in Republic of Macedonia was 2-fold higher in hospitalized than in outpatients. VanA genotype was dominant in isolates of E. faecium and it was highly associated with the MIC values above the 256 μg/ml. Since most of the enterococcal infections are endogenous, there is a need for screening the colonization of patient's intestinal flora with VRE at the hospital entry. Identification and genotyping of faecal enterococci, together with their susceptibility testing to vancomycin, could be useful marker for the infection control.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11-05
    Publishing country North Macedonia
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1857-9655
    ISSN 1857-9655
    DOI 10.3889/oamjms.2015.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pinus peuce (Pinaceae) growing wild in R. Macedonia.

    Karapandzova, Marija / Stefkova, Gjose / Cvetkovikj, Ivana / Trajkovska-Dokik, Elena / Kaftandzieva, Ana / Kulevanova, Svetlana

    Natural product communications

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) 1623–1628

    Abstract: The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils isolated from twigs with needles (T+N) and from twigs without needles (T-N) from wild Pinus peuce Griseb. (Pinaceae), from three different locations in R. Macedonia, were ... ...

    Abstract The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils isolated from twigs with needles (T+N) and from twigs without needles (T-N) from wild Pinus peuce Griseb. (Pinaceae), from three different locations in R. Macedonia, were investigated. Essential oil yields of T+N ranged from 7.5 mL/kg to 12.5 mL/kg and for T-N from 13.8 mL/kg to 17.3 mL/kg. GC/FID/MS analysis of the essential oils revealed eighty-four components, representing 93.7-95.7% and 91.2-92.0% of the T+N and T-N oils, respectively. The major components in T+N and T-N oils were monoterpenes: α-pinene (23.8-39.9%, 21.2-23.3%), camphene (2.2-5.5%, 0.7-2.0%), β-pinene (10.1-17.1%, 8.2-16.4%), myrcene (1.2-1.41%, 1.6-2.5%), limonene+β-phellandrene (6.8-14.0%, 8.8-23.6%) and bornyl acetate (2.3-6.9%, 1.1-3.4%), followed by the sesquiterpenes: trans-(E)-caryophyllene (3.6-4.3%, 3.2-7.3%), germacrene D (7.1-9.5%, 5.0-10.3%) and δ-cadinene (2.1-3.1%, 3.3-4.2%, respectively). Antimicrobial screening of the essential oils was made by disk diffusion and broth dilution methods against 13 bacterial isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. T-N essential oils showed antimicrobial activity toward Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Candida albicans as well as Streptococcus agalactiae, Acinetobacter spp. and Haemophilus influenzae. The antimicrobial activity of T+N essential oils was greater, especially against Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pyogenes, Enterococcus and Candida albicans, followed by Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all tested essential oils ranged from 15-125 μL/mL. Summarizing the obtained results, the antimicrobial activity of Pinus peuce T+N and T-N essential oils collected from different localities in R. Macedonia varied considerably. These alterations in the antimicrobial activity can be attributed to the differences in the quantitative composition and percentage amounts of the components present in the respective essential oils, although it was evident that there were no differences in the qualitative composition of the essential oils, regardless of the locality of collection, or the type of plant material (T+N or T-N).
    MeSH term(s) Alkenes/chemistry ; Alkenes/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/chemistry ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacology ; Candida albicans/drug effects ; Cyclohexenes/chemistry ; Cyclohexenes/pharmacology ; Enterococcus/drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Monoterpenes/chemistry ; Monoterpenes/pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile/chemistry ; Oils, Volatile/pharmacology ; Pinaceae/chemistry ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Streptococcus/drug effects ; Terpenes/chemistry ; Terpenes/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Alkenes ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds ; Cyclohexenes ; Monoterpenes ; Oils, Volatile ; Terpenes ; beta-phellandrene (2KK225M001) ; myrcene (3M39CZS25B) ; beta-pinene (4MS8VHZ1HJ) ; limonene (9MC3I34447) ; camphene (G3VG94Z26E) ; alpha-pinene (JPF3YI7O34)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1934-578X
    ISSN 1934-578X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Genotypes of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in relation to resistance to antimicrobial drugs.

    Kaftandzieva, Ana / Trajkovska-Dokic, Elena / Kotevska, Vesna / Cekovska, Zaklina / Jankoska, Gordana

    Prilozi (Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za medicinski nauki)

    2014  Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 31–38

    Abstract: Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of drug resistance with β-lactamase gene types in ESBL positive E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-Kp.: Material and methods: A total of 251 ESBL-positive E. coli and Kp isolates ... ...

    Abstract Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of drug resistance with β-lactamase gene types in ESBL positive E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-Kp.
    Material and methods: A total of 251 ESBL-positive E. coli and Kp isolates obtained from urine, tracheal aspirate, wound swab and blood from patients hospitalised at the University Clinics in Skopje were detected using the ESBL set and automated Vitek 2 system. Vitek was also used for susceptibility testing (determination of MIC of 17 antimicrobial agents). Multiplex PCR was used to identify genes for different types of ESBLs in a 100 randomly selected, ESBL positive strains.
    Results: More of the 87 ESBL typeable isolates (61%) harbour two or more bla genes and the frequency of antibiotic resistance was high in these isolates, compared to those with a single gene. Isolates with ≥ 3 genes were highly resistant to beta-lactams and non-beta lactams used. The degree of resistance to 3 rd generation cephalosporins was also high in these isolates (MIC ≥ 64). More of the ESBL-positive isolates showed higher resistance to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime.
    Conclusion: Identification of the genes is necessary for the surveillance of their transmission in hospitals. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns are crucial to overcome the problems associated with ESBLs.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; beta-Lactam Resistance ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-11
    Publishing country North Macedonia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2743787-5
    ISSN 1857-8985 ; 1857-9345
    ISSN (online) 1857-8985
    ISSN 1857-9345
    DOI 10.2478/prilozi-2014-0004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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