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Article ; Online: Challenges, Opportunities and Future Paths

Kai Xu

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 9975, p

Environmental Governance of Big Data Initiatives in China

2023 Volume 9975

Abstract: Environmental governance is a common task confronting human society in the 21st century. In recent years, China’s environmental crisis has been alleviated to some extent by the Chinese government’s vigorous regulation. However, as the world factory, ... ...

Abstract	Environmental governance is a common task confronting human society in the 21st century. In recent years, China’s environmental crisis has been alleviated to some extent by the Chinese government’s vigorous regulation. However, as the world factory, China’s total greenhouse gas emissions have ranked first in the world for many years, and China still faces a very huge environmental protection pressure. The degree of informationization of China’s environmental governance must be improved, with particular emphasis on the collection and use of environmental big data to help transform, upgrade, and improve the efficiency of China’s environmental governance. The Chinese government obviously recognizes this and keeps promulgating policy documents related to environmental big data, and there are certain achievements in practice, but it is still in the primary stage of figuring out in general with many imperfections existing. The United States and other countries have more mature experience in the collection and application of environmental big data, which can be an important reference for China. Establishing organizational structures to support the development of environmental big data, striving to form a team of professionals with interdisciplinary knowledge, strengthening relevant legislation for environmental big data, and utilizing international environmental cooperation mechanisms to conduct international cooperation on environmental big data are the areas that China needs to focus on most in the process of improving the collection and use of environmental big data in the future.
Keywords	environmental crisis ; environmental governance ; big data ; pressure on emission reduction ; ecological civilization ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Light scattering in stacked mesophyll cells results in similarity characteristic of solar spectral reflectance and transmittance of natural leaves

Kai Xu / Hong Ye

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract Solar spectral reflectance and transmittance of natural leaves exhibit dramatic similarity. To elucidate the formation mechanism and physiological significance, a radiative transfer model was constructed, and the effects of stacked mesophyll ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Solar spectral reflectance and transmittance of natural leaves exhibit dramatic similarity. To elucidate the formation mechanism and physiological significance, a radiative transfer model was constructed, and the effects of stacked mesophyll cells, chlorophyll content and leaf thickness on the visible light absorptance of the natural leaves were analyzed. Results indicated that light scattering caused by the stacked mesophyll cells is responsible for the similarity. The optical path of visible light in the natural leaves is increased with the scattering process, resulting in that the visible light transmittance is significantly reduced meanwhile the visible light reflectance is at a low level, thus the visible light absorptance tends to a maximum and the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by the natural leaves is significantly enhanced. Interestingly, as two key leaf functional traits affecting the absorption process of PAR, chlorophyll content and leaf thickness of the natural leaves in a certain environment show a convergent behavior, resulting in the high visible light absorptance of the natural leaves, which demonstrates the PAR utilizing strategies of the natural leaves. This work provides a new perspective for revealing the evolutionary processes and ecological strategies of natural leaves, and can be adopted to guide the improvement directions of crop photosynthesis.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ellipse packing in two-dimensional cell tessellation

Kai Xu

PeerJ, Vol 7, p e

a theoretical explanation for Lewis’s law and Aboav-Weaire’s law

2019 Volume 6933

Abstract: Background Lewis’s law and Aboav-Weaire’s law are two fundamental laws used to describe the topology of two-dimensional (2D) structures; however, their theoretical bases remain unclear. Methods We used R software with the Conicfit package to fit ellipses ...

Abstract	Background Lewis’s law and Aboav-Weaire’s law are two fundamental laws used to describe the topology of two-dimensional (2D) structures; however, their theoretical bases remain unclear. Methods We used R software with the Conicfit package to fit ellipses based on the geometric parameters of polygonal cells of ten different kinds of natural and artificial 2D structures. Results Our results indicated that the cells could be classified as an ellipse’s inscribed polygon (EIP) and that they tended to form the ellipse’s maximal inscribed polygon (EMIP). This phenomenon was named as ellipse packing. On the basis of the number of cell edges, cell area, and semi-axes of fitted ellipses, we derived and verified new relations of Lewis’s law and Aboav-Weaire’s law. Conclusions Ellipse packing is a short-range order that places restrictions on the cell topology and growth pattern. Lewis’s law and Aboav-Weaire’s law mainly reflect the effect of deformation from circle to ellipse on cell area and the edge number of neighboring cells, respectively. The results of this study could be used to simulate the dynamics of cell topology during growth.
Keywords	Ellipse packing ; Lewis’s law ; Aboav-weaire’s law ; Cell topology ; Voronoi diagram ; Amorphous ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	340
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Research on the Value of Land Ecological Service in Yunnan Province Based on the Perspective of Spatial Pattern

Kai Xu / Zisheng Yang

Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 10805, p

2022 Volume 10805

Abstract: 1) Background: Ecosystem service value assessment is a trending area of sustainable development research and ecological civilization construction. Ecosystems provide supply, regulation, support, and cultural services, and the value assessment of ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: Ecosystem service value assessment is a trending area of sustainable development research and ecological civilization construction. Ecosystems provide supply, regulation, support, and cultural services, and the value assessment of ecosystem services is helpful for people to understand the importance of natural ecosystems to production and life. Based on the insufficiency of the current research on the value of land ecological services, this paper discusses the research direction of the evaluation of the value of ecosystem services in the future, provides a reference for the evaluation of the value of ecosystem services, and promotes multi-scale and multi-directional research experiments on the value of land ecological services. (2) In this paper, the basic information data are obtained through the interpretation of remote sensing images, and the value equivalent factor is corrected according to the average grain yield per unit area and grain price data in 2000, 2010, and 2020 to calculate the land ecological service value. The relevant data obtained by processing the ecological service value are classified into different levels to discuss the changes and trends of 129 county-level administrative units in three periods and analyze the quantitative and spatial variation characteristics of the ecological service value of 129 county-level administrative units. The paper studies the spatial agglomeration state of the total value of ecological services and finds the hotspot areas of the land ecological service value in the study area. (3) During the study period, great changes have taken place in the land use pattern of Yunnan Province, with the area of construction land expanding and the area of wetland decreasing. The ecological service value level of 129 county-level administrative units is relatively stable. The total value of each service is ranked as soil formation and protection > gas regulation > water conservation > biodiversity protection > climate regulation > raw materials ...
Keywords	land use ; land ecological service value ; spatial pattern ; Yunnan Province ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: In-situ synthesis of fluorine-free MXene/TiO2 composite for high-performance supercapacitor

Kefeng Xie / Jie Wang / Kai Xu / Zheng Wei / Mingli Zhang / Junping Zhang

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol 17, Iss 2, Pp 105551- (2024)

2024

Abstract: MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, the current MXene material preparation process often requires hydrofluoric acid, and the etched MXene is easily oxidized and stacked, which is not conducive to the transfer ... ...

Abstract	MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, the current MXene material preparation process often requires hydrofluoric acid, and the etched MXene is easily oxidized and stacked, which is not conducive to the transfer of electrons and ions. In this study, we proposed a high concentration of sodium hydroxide solution mixed with sodium hypochlorite solution as an etchant for the preparation of fluorine-free MXene (Ti3C2Tx). Based on the alkali-assisted hydrothermal method, Ti3AlC2 was used as the raw material, and 10 % NaClO aqueous solution was added as the oxidant during the etching process to accelerate the etching and in-situ generate TiO2 with excellent conductivity. When the oxidation time is 12 h and the amount of NaClO is 0.2 mL, the TiO2 particles in-situ generated by the oxidation of Ti element in MXene are evenly distributed on the surface and interlayer of the material, which effectively curbs the stacking problem between the Ti3C2Tx layers and improves the specific surface area of the material. The prepared MXene/TiO2 electrode in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, − 0.5–0.2 V voltage window, the highest mass specific capacity can reach 321F/g, and after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles, the capacitance retention rate can still reach 86.4 %, which is higher than the capacitance retention rate of Ti3C2Tx material (81.7 %).
Keywords	MXene ; Fluorine-free ; TiO2 ; In-situ Synthesis ; Supercapacitor ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Clinical Analysis of Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis with Different Severities in Lung Cancer Patients

Hui Huang / Ruxuan Chen / Yan Xu / Nan Fang / Chi Shao / Kai Xu / Mengzhao Wang

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 13, Iss 1, p

A Retrospective Study

2024 Volume 255

Abstract: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of immunotherapy would lead to the temporary or permanent discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Among them, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a potentially life-threatening irAE. This study ... ...

Abstract	Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of immunotherapy would lead to the temporary or permanent discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Among them, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a potentially life-threatening irAE. This study aimed to identify the differences between patients with low-grade CIPs (grades 1–2) and high-grade CIPs (grades 3–5) and to explore the prognostic factors. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 916 lung cancer patients who were treated with ICIs. Patients with CIPs were identified after multidisciplinary discussion, and their clinical, laboratory, radiological, and follow-up data were analyzed. Among the 74 enrolled CIP patients, there were 31 low-grade CIPs and 43 high-grade CIPs. Compared with low-grade CIP patients, patients with high-grade CIPs were older (65.8 years vs. 61.5 years) and had lower serum albumin (35.2 g/L vs. 37.9 g/L), higher D-dimer (5.1 mg/L vs. 1.7 mg/L), and more pulmonary infectious diseases (32.6% vs. 6.5%) during follow-up. In addition, complication with pulmonary infectious diseases, management with intravenous immunoglobulin, tocilizumab, and longer duration of large dosage corticosteroids might be associated with worse outcomes for patients with CIPs. This study highlights potential risk factors for high-grade CIP and poor prognosis among lung cancer patients who were treated with anti-cancer ICIs.
Keywords	immune-related adverse events ; checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis ; severity grade ; prognosis ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Learning accurate template matching with differentiable coarse-to-fine correspondence refinement

Zhirui Gao / Renjiao Yi / Zheng Qin / Yunfan Ye / Chenyang Zhu / Kai Xu

Computational Visual Media, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp 309-

2024 Volume 330

Abstract: Abstract Template matching is a fundamental task in computer vision and has been studied for decades. It plays an essential role in manufacturing industry for estimating the poses of different parts, facilitating downstream tasks such as robotic grasping. ...

Abstract	Abstract Template matching is a fundamental task in computer vision and has been studied for decades. It plays an essential role in manufacturing industry for estimating the poses of different parts, facilitating downstream tasks such as robotic grasping. Existing methods fail when the template and source images have different modalities, cluttered backgrounds, or weak textures. They also rarely consider geometric transformations via homographies, which commonly exist even for planar industrial parts. To tackle the challenges, we propose an accurate template matching method based on differentiable coarse-to-fine correspondence refinement. We use an edge-aware module to overcome the domain gap between the mask template and the grayscale image, allowing robust matching. An initial warp is estimated using coarse correspondences based on novel structure-aware information provided by transformers. This initial alignment is passed to a refinement network using references and aligned images to obtain sub-pixel level correspondences which are used to give the final geometric transformation. Extensive evaluation shows that our method to be significantly better than state-of-the-art methods and baselines, providing good generalization ability and visually plausible results even on unseen real data.
Keywords	template matching ; differentiable homography ; structure-awareness ; transformers ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prediction of postoperative infectious complications in elderly patients with colorectal cancer

Yuan Tian / Rui Li / Guanlong Wang / Kai Xu / Hongxia Li / Lei He

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a study based on improved machine learning

2024 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Background Infectious complications after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery increase perioperative mortality and are significantly associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to develop a model for predicting infectious complications after colorectal ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Infectious complications after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery increase perioperative mortality and are significantly associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to develop a model for predicting infectious complications after colorectal cancer surgery in elderly patients based on improved machine learning (ML) using inflammatory and nutritional indicators. Methods The data of 512 elderly patients with colorectal cancer in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March 2018 to April 2022 were retrospectively collected and randomly divided into a training set and validation set. The optimal cutoff values of NLR (3.80), PLR (238.50), PNI (48.48), LCR (0.52), and LMR (2.46) were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; Six conventional machine learning models were constructed using patient data in the training set: Linear Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), BP Neural Network (BP), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and an improved moderately greedy XGBoost (MGA-XGBoost) model. The performance of the seven models was evaluated by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, accuracy (ACC), precision, recall, and F1-score of the validation set. Results Five hundred twelve cases were included in this study; 125 cases (24%) had postoperative infectious complications. Postoperative infectious complications were notably associated with 10 items features: American Society of Anesthesiologists scores (ASA), operation time, diabetes, presence of stomy, tumor location, NLR, PLR, PNI, LCR, and LMR. MGA-XGBoost reached the highest AUC (0.862) on the validation set, which was the best model for predicting postoperative infectious complications in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Among the importance of the internal characteristics of the model, LCR accounted for the highest proportion. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that the MGA-XGBoost model with 10 risk factors ...
Keywords	Elderly patients ; Colorectal cancer ; Postoperative infectious complications ; Machine learning ; MGA-XGBoost ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: 68 Ga-HBED-CC-WL-12 PET in Diagnosing and Differentiating Pancreatic Cancers in Murine Models

Qiying Xiang / Danni Li / Chao Cheng / Kai Xu / Changjing Zuo

Pharmaceuticals, Vol 16, Iss 80, p

2023 Volume 80

Abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) has been proven as an important technology to detect the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) non-invasively and in real time. As a PD-L1 inhibitor, small peptide WL12 has shown great potential in serving as ... ...

Abstract	Positron emission tomography (PET) has been proven as an important technology to detect the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) non-invasively and in real time. As a PD-L1 inhibitor, small peptide WL12 has shown great potential in serving as a targeting molecule to guide PD-L1 blockade therapy in clinic. In this study, WL12 was modified with HBED-CC to label 68 Ga in a modified procedure, and the biologic properties were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 68 Ga-HBED-CC-WL12 showed good stability in saline and can specifically target PD-L1-positive cells U87MG and PANC02. In PANC02-bearing mice, 68 Ga-HBED-CC-WL12 showed fast permeation in subcutaneous tumors within 20 min (SUV max 0.37) and was of higher uptake in 90 min (SUV max 0.38). When compared with 18F-FDG, 68 Ga-FAPI-04, and 68 Ga-RGD, 68 Ga-HBED-CC-WL12 also demonstrated great image quality and advantages in evaluating immune microenvironment. This study modified the 68 Ga-labeling procedure of WL12 and obtained better biologic properties and further manifested the clinical potential of 68 Ga-HBED-CC-WL12 for PET imaging and guiding for immunotherapy.
Keywords	PD-L1 ; pancreatic cancer ; PET-CT ; 68 Ga ; immune microenviroment ; Medicine ; R ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Swin Transformer Assisted Prior Attention Network for Medical Image Segmentation

Zhihao Liao / Neng Fan / Kai Xu

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 4735, p

2022 Volume 4735

Abstract: Transformer complements convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved better performance than improved CNN-based methods. Specially, Transformer is utilized to be combined with U-shaped structure, skip-connections, encoder, and even them all together. ... ...

Abstract	Transformer complements convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved better performance than improved CNN-based methods. Specially, Transformer is utilized to be combined with U-shaped structure, skip-connections, encoder, and even them all together. However, the intermediate supervision network based on the coarse-to-fine strategy has not been combined with Transformer to improve the generalization of CNN-based methods. In this paper, we propose Swin-PANet, which is applying a window-based self-attention mechanism by Swin Transformer in the intermediate supervision network, called prior attention network. A new enhanced attention block based on CCA is also proposed to aggregate the features from skip-connections and prior attention network, and further refine details of boundaries. Swin-PANet can address the dilemma that traditional Transformer network has poor interpretability in the process of attention calculation and Swin-PANet can insert its attention predictions into prior attention network for intermediate supervision learning which is humanly interpretable and controllable. Hence, the intermediate supervision network assisted by Swin Transformer provides better attention learning and interpretability in network for accurate and automatic medical image segmentation. The experimental results evaluate the effectiveness of Swin-PANet which outperforms state-of-the-art methods in some famous medical segmentation tasks including cell and skin lesion segmentation.
Keywords	prior attention network ; medical image segmentation ; Swin Transformer ; convolutional neural networks ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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