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Article ; Online: Recombinant Sudan virus and evaluation of humoral cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after infection or rVSV-ΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination.

Kainulainen, Markus H / Harmon, Jessica R / Whitesell, Amy N / Bergeron, Éric / Karaaslan, Elif / Cossaboom, Caitlin M / Malenfant, Jason H / Kofman, Aaron / Montgomery, Joel M / Choi, Mary J / Albariño, César G / Spiropoulou, Christina F

Emerging microbes & infections

2023 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 2265660

Abstract: Ebola disease outbreaks are major public health events because of human-to-human transmission and high mortality. These outbreaks are most often caused by Ebola virus, but at least three related viruses can also cause the disease. In 2022, Sudan virus re- ...

Abstract	Ebola disease outbreaks are major public health events because of human-to-human transmission and high mortality. These outbreaks are most often caused by Ebola virus, but at least three related viruses can also cause the disease. In 2022, Sudan virus re-emerged causing more than 160 confirmed and probable cases. This report describes generation of a recombinant Sudan virus and demonstrates its utility by quantifying antibody cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after human infection or vaccination with a licensed Ebola virus vaccine.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control ; Antibodies, Viral ; Ebolavirus/genetics ; Vaccination ; Glycoproteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Glycoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681359-2
ISSN	2222-1751 ; 2222-1751
ISSN (online)	2222-1751
ISSN	2222-1751
DOI	10.1080/22221751.2023.2265660
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Rapid Determination of Ebolavirus Infectivity in Clinical Samples Using a Novel Reporter Cell Line.

Kainulainen, Markus H / Nichol, Stuart T / Albariño, César G / Spiropoulou, Christina F

The Journal of infectious diseases

2017 Volume 216, Issue 11, Page(s) 1380–1385

Abstract: Modern ebolavirus diagnostics rely primarily on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), a sensitive method to detect viral genetic material in the acute phase of the disease. However, qRT-PCR does not confirm presence of ... ...

Abstract	Modern ebolavirus diagnostics rely primarily on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), a sensitive method to detect viral genetic material in the acute phase of the disease. However, qRT-PCR does not confirm presence of infectious virus, presenting limitations in patient and outbreak management. Attempts to isolate infectious virus rely on in vivo or basic cell culture approaches, which prohibit rapid results and screening. In this study, we present a novel reporter cell line capable of detecting live ebolaviruses. These cells permit sensitive, large-scale screening and titration of infectious virus in experimental and clinical samples, independent of ebolavirus species and variant.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Ebolavirus/genetics ; Ebolavirus/isolation & purification ; Genome, Viral ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/diagnosis ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/instrumentation ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vero Cells
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jix486
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Article ; Online: Development of a neutralization assay using a vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Nipah virus glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein.

Jain, Shilpi / Lo, Michael K / Kainulainen, Markus H / Welch, Stephen R / Spengler, Jessica R / Satter, Syed M / Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur / Hossain, Mohammad Enayet / Chiang, Cheng-Feng / Klena, John D / Bergeron, Éric / Montgomery, Joel M / Spiropoulou, Christina F / Albariño, César G

Virology

2023 Volume 587, Page(s) 109858

Abstract: Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus with a high case fatality rate. Due to its high pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of therapeutics or approved vaccines, its study requires biosafety level 4 (BSL4) containment. In this ... ...

Abstract	Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus with a high case fatality rate. Due to its high pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of therapeutics or approved vaccines, its study requires biosafety level 4 (BSL4) containment. In this report, we developed a novel neutralization assay for use in biosafety level 2 laboratories. The assay uses a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing NiV glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein. The recombinant virus propagates as a replication-competent virus in a cell line constitutively expressing NiV fusion protein, but it is restricted to a single round of replication in wild-type cells. We used this system to evaluate the neutralization activity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, plasma from NiV-infected hamsters, and serum from human patients. Therefore, this recombinant virus could be used as a surrogate for using pathogenic NiV and may constitute a powerful tool to develop therapeutics in low containment laboratories.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2023.109858
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Article ; Online: Lassa Virus Replicon Particle Vaccine Protects Strain 13/N Guinea Pigs Against Challenge With Geographically and Genetically Diverse Viral Strains.

Spengler, Jessica R / Kainulainen, Markus H / Welch, Stephen R / Coleman-McCray, JoAnn D / Harmon, Jessica R / Condrey, Jillian A / Scholte, Florine E M / Nichol, Stuart T / Montgomery, Joel M / Albariño, César G / Spiropoulou, Christina F

The Journal of infectious diseases

2022 Volume 226, Issue 9, Page(s) 1545–1550

Abstract: Lassa virus (LASV) causes mild to severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. Strain 13/N guinea pigs are highly susceptible to infection with LASV strain Josiah (clade IV), providing a critical model system for therapeutics and vaccine development. To ... ...

Abstract	Lassa virus (LASV) causes mild to severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. Strain 13/N guinea pigs are highly susceptible to infection with LASV strain Josiah (clade IV), providing a critical model system for therapeutics and vaccine development. To develop additional models of disease, we detail the clinical course in guinea pigs infected with 5 geographically and genetically diverse LASV strains. Two of the developed models (LASV clades II and III) were then used to evaluate efficacy of a virus replicon particle vaccine against heterologous LASV challenge, demonstrating complete protection against clinical disease after a single vaccination dose.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Guinea Pigs ; Animals ; Lassa virus ; Lassa Fever ; Viral Vaccines ; Replicon ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiac028
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Article ; Online: GPS Tracking of Free-Roaming Cats (

Amman, Brian R / Cossaboom, Caitlin M / Wendling, Natalie M / Harvey, R Reid / Rettler, Hannah / Taylor, Dean / Kainulainen, Markus H / Ahmad, Ausaf / Bunkley, Paige / Godino, Claire / Tong, Suxiang / Li, Yan / Uehara, Anna / Kelleher, Anna / Zhang, Jing / Lynch, Brian / Behravesh, Casey Barton / Towner, Jonathan S

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 10

Abstract: Zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected humans to other animals has been documented around the world, most notably in mink farming operations in Europe and the United States. Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on Utah mink farms began in late July 2020 ... ...

Abstract	Zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected humans to other animals has been documented around the world, most notably in mink farming operations in Europe and the United States. Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 on Utah mink farms began in late July 2020 and resulted in high mink mortality. An investigation of these outbreaks revealed active and past SARS-CoV-2 infections in free-roaming and in feral cats living on or near several mink farms. Cats were captured using live traps, were sampled, fitted with GPS collars, and released on the farms. GPS tracking of these cats show they made frequent visits to mink sheds, moved freely around the affected farms, and visited surrounding residential properties and neighborhoods on multiple occasions, making them potential low risk vectors of additional SARS-CoV-2 spread in local communities.
MeSH term(s)	Cats ; Animals ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mink ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Farms ; Utah/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14102131
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Article ; Online: Single-dose mucosal replicon-particle vaccine protects against lethal Nipah virus infection up to 3 days after vaccination.

Science advances

2023 Volume 9, Issue 31, Page(s) eadh4057

Abstract: Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. No vaccines against NiV have been approved to date. Here, we report on the clinical impact of a novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon ... ...

Abstract	Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. No vaccines against NiV have been approved to date. Here, we report on the clinical impact of a novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon particle lacking the fusion (F) protein gene (NiVΔF) as a vaccine in three small animal models of disease. A broad antibody response was detected that included immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA subtypes with demonstrable Fc-mediated effector function targeting multiple viral antigens. Single-dose intranasal vaccination up to 3 days before challenge prevented clinical signs and reduced virus levels in hamsters and immunocompromised mice; decreases were seen in tissues and mucosal secretions, critically decreasing potential for virus transmission. This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease.
MeSH term(s)	Cricetinae ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Viral Vaccines ; Henipavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Henipavirus Infections/genetics ; Vaccination ; Disease Models, Animal ; Nipah Virus/genetics ; Replicon
Chemical Substances	Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.adh4057
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Article: Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from a fully vaccinated human to a canine in Georgia, July 2021

Zoonoses and public health. 2022 Aug., v. 69, no. 5

2022

Abstract: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been described in a wide range of species, including domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Illness in dogs is usually self‐limiting, and further diagnostics may not be pursued if clinical signs resolve or they respond to ... ...

Abstract	SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been described in a wide range of species, including domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Illness in dogs is usually self‐limiting, and further diagnostics may not be pursued if clinical signs resolve or they respond to empirical treatment. As new variants emerge, the clinical presentation and role in transmission may vary in animals. This report highlights different clinical presentations and immunological responses in two SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta‐variant‐positive dogs with similar exposure to the same fully vaccinated human with a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and emphasizes the need for active surveillance and additional One Health research on SARS‐CoV‐2 variant infections in companion animals and other species.
Keywords	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; diagnostic techniques ; dogs ; humans ; monitoring ; public health ; zoonoses ; Georgia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 587-592.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2271118-1
ISSN	1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
ISSN (online)	1863-2378
ISSN	1863-1959
DOI	10.1111/zph.12944
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Structural characterization of protective non-neutralizing antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 7298

Abstract: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) causes a life-threatening disease with up to a 40% mortality rate. With no approved medical countermeasures, CCHFV is considered a public health priority agent. The non-neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody ( ...

Abstract	Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) causes a life-threatening disease with up to a 40% mortality rate. With no approved medical countermeasures, CCHFV is considered a public health priority agent. The non-neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) 13G8 targets CCHFV glycoprotein GP38 and protects mice from lethal CCHFV challenge when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. Here, we reveal the structures of GP38 bound with a human chimeric 13G8 mAb and a newly isolated CC5-17 mAb from a human survivor. These mAbs bind overlapping epitopes with a shifted angle. The broad-spectrum potential of c13G8 and CC5-17 and the practicality of using them against Aigai virus, a closely related nairovirus were examined. Binding studies demonstrate that the presence of non-conserved amino acids in Aigai virus corresponding region prevent CCHFV mAbs from binding Aigai virus GP38. This information, coupled with in vivo efficacy, paves the way for future mAb therapeutics effective against a wide swath of CCHFV strains.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/chemistry ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/prevention & control ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Epitopes ; Antibodies, Monoclonal
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Epitopes ; Antibodies, Monoclonal
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-34923-0
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Article ; Online: Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in a Multiplex Bead Assay for Integrated Serological Surveillance of Neglected Tropical and Other Diseases.

Gwyn, Sarah / Abubakar, Ado / Akinmulero, Oluwaseun / Bergeron, Eric / Blessing, Ugboaja Nkechi / Chaitram, Jasmine / Coughlin, Melissa M / Dawurung, Ayuba B / Dickson, Felicia Nwatu / Esiekpe, Mudiaga / Evbuomwan, Erasogie / Greby, Stacie M / Iriemenam, Nnaemeka C / Kainulainen, Markus H / Naanpoen, Thomas Andrew / Napoloen, Loveth / Odoh, Ifeanyichukwu / Okoye, McPaul / Olaleye, Temitope /

Schuh, Amy J / Owen, S Michele / Samuel, Awala / Martin, Diana L

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2022 Volume 107, Issue 2, Page(s) 260–267

Abstract: Serosurveillance can provide estimates of population-level exposure to infectious pathogens and has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneous, serological testing for multiple pathogens can be done using bead-based immunoassays to ... ...

Abstract	Serosurveillance can provide estimates of population-level exposure to infectious pathogens and has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneous, serological testing for multiple pathogens can be done using bead-based immunoassays to add value to disease-specific serosurveys. We conducted a validation of four SARS-CoV-2 antigens-full-length spike protein, two receptor binding domain proteins, and the nucleocapsid protein-on our existing multiplex bead assay (MBA) for enteric diseases, malaria, and vaccine preventable diseases. After determining the optimal conditions for coupling the antigens to microsphere beads, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined on two instruments (Luminex-200 and MAGPIX) when testing singly (monoplex) versus combined (multiplex). Sensitivity was assessed using plasma from 87 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) positive persons collected in March-May of 2020 and ranged from 94.3% to 96.6% for the different testing conditions. Specificity was assessed using 98 plasma specimens collected prior to December 2019 and plasma from 19 rRT-PCR negative persons and ranged from 97.4% to 100%. The positive percent agreement was 93.8% to 97.9% using 48 specimens collected > 21 days post-symptom onset, while the negative percent agreement was ≥ 99% for all antigens. Test performance was similar using monoplex or multiplex testing. Integrating SARS-CoV-2 serology with other diseases of public health interest could add significant value to public health programs that have suffered severe programmatic setbacks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Immunoassay
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.22-0078
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Article ; Online: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from a fully vaccinated human to a canine in Georgia, July 2021.

Zoonoses and public health

2022 Volume 69, Issue 5, Page(s) 587–592

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been described in a wide range of species, including domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Illness in dogs is usually self-limiting, and further diagnostics may not be pursued if clinical signs resolve or they respond to ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 infection has been described in a wide range of species, including domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Illness in dogs is usually self-limiting, and further diagnostics may not be pursued if clinical signs resolve or they respond to empirical treatment. As new variants emerge, the clinical presentation and role in transmission may vary in animals. This report highlights different clinical presentations and immunological responses in two SARS-CoV-2 Delta-variant-positive dogs with similar exposure to the same fully vaccinated human with a SARS-CoV-2 infection and emphasizes the need for active surveillance and additional One Health research on SARS-CoV-2 variant infections in companion animals and other species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Cat Diseases ; Cats ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Dog Diseases/prevention & control ; Dogs ; Georgia ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2271118-1
ISSN	1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
ISSN (online)	1863-2378
ISSN	1863-1959
DOI	10.1111/zph.12944
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