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Article ; Online: Post COVID-19 condition among adults in Malaysia following the Omicron wave

Peter Seah Keng Tok / Kong Yeow Kang / Sock Wen Ng / Norazida Ab Rahman / Muhammad Aminul Syahmi / Mohan Dass Pathmanathan / Maheshwara Rao Appannan / Kalaiarasu M Peariasamy / Sheamini Sivasampu

PLoS ONE, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e

A prospective cohort study.

2024 Volume 0296488

Abstract: Post COVID-19 condition is an important public health problem as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of this condition and assess its associated factors and impact on health-related ...

Abstract	Post COVID-19 condition is an important public health problem as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of this condition and assess its associated factors and impact on health-related quality of life in a population setting in Malaysia. Study was conducted from April to June 2022 when the Omicron variant predominated. All individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR, RTK-Ag) were invited for participation. Study questionnaires were delivered via the MySejahtera platform (mobile application). From the total of 44,386 participants who provided responses up to 3-months interval, 1,510 participants (3.4%) fulfilled the post COVID-19 condition criteria. Majority of the affected participants (83.8%, n = 1,265) experienced either cough, fatigue or forgetfulness-the three most common symptoms. Being females, having existing comorbidities, presence of symptoms and requiring hospital admission during the acute illness were associated with higher likelihoods of developing the post COVID-19 condition at 3-months interval. Amongst the 1,510 individuals, one in five had limitations in performing their usual daily activities while at least one in three expressed that their work was affected. Understanding this condition better is essential to guide strategic and responsive plans of action, which may require coordinated multidisciplinary interventions.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modelling infectious diseases with herd immunity in a randomly mixed population

Kian Boon Law / Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy / Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim / Noor Hisham Abdullah

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract The conventional susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model tends to magnify the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases, and thus the estimated total infections and immunized population may be higher than the threshold required for ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The conventional susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model tends to magnify the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases, and thus the estimated total infections and immunized population may be higher than the threshold required for infection control and eradication. The study developed a new SIR framework that allows the transmission rate of infectious diseases to decline along with the reduced risk of contact infection to overcome the limitations of the conventional SIR model. Two new SIR models were formulated to mimic the declining transmission rate of infectious diseases at different stages of transmission. Model A utilized the declining transmission rate along with the reduced risk of contact infection following infection, while Model B incorporated the declining transmission rate following recovery. Both new models and the conventional SIR model were then used to simulate an infectious disease with a basic reproduction number (r0) of 3.0 and a herd immunity threshold (HIT) of 0.667 with and without vaccination. Outcomes of simulations were assessed at the time when the total immunized population reached the level predicted by the HIT, and at the end of simulations. Further, all three models were used to simulate the transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in the United States and disease burdens were projected and compared with estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the simulated infectious disease, in the initial phase of the outbreak, all three models performed expectedly when the sizes of infectious and recovered populations were relatively small. As the infectious population increased, the conventional SIR model appeared to overestimate the infections even when the HIT was achieved in all scenarios with and without vaccination. For the same scenario, Model A appeared to attain the level predicted by the HIT and in comparison, Model B projected the infectious disease to be controlled at the level predicted by the HIT only at high vaccination rates. For ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19

Xin Ci Wong / Pei Xuan Kuan / Mohd Aizuddin AR / Kalaiarasu M Peariasamy

The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 100314- (2021)

What we need from epidemiology to help informed policies

2021

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Influence of Population Density for COVID-19 Spread in Malaysia

Kurubaran Ganasegeran / Mohd Fadzly Amar Jamil / Alan Swee Hock Ch’ng / Irene Looi / Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 9866, p

An Ecological Study

2021 Volume 9866

Abstract: The rapid transmission of highly contagious infectious diseases within communities can yield potential hotspots or clusters across geographies. For COVID-19, the impact of population density on transmission models demonstrates mixed findings. This study ... ...

Abstract	The rapid transmission of highly contagious infectious diseases within communities can yield potential hotspots or clusters across geographies. For COVID-19, the impact of population density on transmission models demonstrates mixed findings. This study aims to determine the correlations between population density, clusters, and COVID-19 incidence across districts and regions in Malaysia. This countrywide ecological study was conducted between 22 January 2021 and 4 February 2021 involving 51,476 active COVID-19 cases during Malaysia’s third wave of the pandemic, prior to the reimplementation of lockdowns. Population data from multiple sources was aggregated and spatial analytics were performed to visualize distributional choropleths of COVID-19 cases in relation to population density. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to synthesize dendrograms to demarcate potential clusters against population density. Region-wise correlations and simple linear regression models were deduced to observe the strength of the correlations and the propagation effects of COVID-19 infections relative to population density. Distributional heats in choropleths and cluster analysis showed that districts with a high number of inhabitants and a high population density had a greater number of cases in proportion to the population in that area. The Central region had the strongest correlation between COVID-19 cases and population density ( r = 0.912; 95% CI 0.911, 0.913; p < 0.001). The propagation effect and the spread of disease was greater in urbanized districts or cities. Population density is an important factor for the spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia.
Keywords	population density ; clusters ; urbanization ; COVID-19 ; Malaysia ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: RNA purification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)

Meng Yee Lai / Jeyanthi Suppiah / Ravindran Thayan / Ilyiana Ismail / Nur Izati Mustapa / Tuan Suhaila Tuan Soh / Afifah Haji Hassan / Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy / Yee Leng Lee / Yee Ling Lau

Tropical Medicine and Health, Vol 50, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 5

Abstract: Abstract Background Current diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on RNA purification prior to amplification. Typical extraction methods limit the processing speed and turnaround time for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing. Methods Here, we applied reverse ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Current diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on RNA purification prior to amplification. Typical extraction methods limit the processing speed and turnaround time for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing. Methods Here, we applied reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification directly onto human clinical swabs samples to amplify the RNA from SARS-CoV-2 swab samples after processing with chelating resin. Results By testing our method on 64 samples, we managed to develop an RT-LAMP assay with 95.9% sensitivity (95% CI 86 to 99.5%) and 100% specificity (95% CI 78.2–100%). Conclusion The entire process including sample processing can be completed in approximately 50 min. This method has promising potential to be applied as a fast, simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Nasopharyngeal swab ; SARS-CoV-2 ; RT-LAMP ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Conference proceedings ; Audio / Video ; Online: Surge Capacity Dynamics at a COVID-19 Designated Hospital in Malaysia

Kuan Pei Xuan / Kuldip Kaur Prem Singh / Law Kian Boon / Mohd Aizuddin Abdul Rahman / Mohan Dass Pathmanathan / Wong Xin Ci / Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy / Goh Pik Pin

2020

Abstract: Introduction Building surge capacity for anticipated admission of COVID-19 patients during a community-wide outbreak of the coronavirus disease is a critical part of hospital preparedness strategy. Modelling systems are useful for testing of preparedness ...

Abstract	Introduction Building surge capacity for anticipated admission of COVID-19 patients during a community-wide outbreak of the coronavirus disease is a critical part of hospital preparedness strategy. Modelling systems are useful for testing of preparedness decisions. This study analysed predicted daily bed requirement, actual admissions and disease dynamics at a COVID-19 designated hospital. Methodology Bed utilisation for RT-PCR confirmed and Person Under Investigation (PUI) for COVID-19 at Hospital Sungai Buloh (HSgB) was recorded from January to May 2020. Total daily admissions of new confirmed cases, PUI cases and bed availability were compared with total new COVID19 cases nationally. The correlation between demand and available bed capacity was calculated against COVID-19 transmission dynamics in the country. Results The surge and peak of PUI cases occurred about 19 days and 35 days, respectively (Fig.1). The trend reflected the national COVID-19 daily cases detected from contact tracing and screening strategies. COVID-19 bed capacity was planned ahead of time from an initial 28 designated beds out of total 620 beds available in the main hospital complex; before expanding to a total of 2069 beds, inclusive of beds created at satellite hospital and training institute. The bed activation was ahead of active cases admitted to HSgB (Fig. 2). There was high correlation (r=0.998) between national cumulative COVID-19 cases and hospital admission (Fig. 3). Conclusion Hospital bed capacity was suitably expanded to time for the surge of COVID-19 admissions.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Surge ; Capacity ; Dynamics ; Designated Hospital ; Malaysia ; covid19
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-27
Publishing country	eu
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Audio / Video ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Conference proceedings ; Audio / Video ; Online: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 infections in Malaysia

Xin Ci Wong / Benedict Sim Lim Heng / Chee Peng Hor / Suresh Kumar Chidambaram / Hiu Jian Chua / Mohan Dass Pathmanathan / Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy / Pik Pin Goh / ClinData_COVID-19 Research Team

2020

Abstract: Introduction COVID-19 started as a major public health outbreak in late 2019.1 Malaysia reported its first imported case on 25 January 2020, and adopted a policy of extensive contact tracing and hospitalizing of all patients, regardless of severity.2 We ... ...

Abstract	Introduction COVID-19 started as a major public health outbreak in late 2019.1 Malaysia reported its first imported case on 25 January 2020, and adopted a policy of extensive contact tracing and hospitalizing of all patients, regardless of severity.2 We aim to describe clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients nationwide and determine the risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Methodology Clinical records of all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to 18 designated hospitals in Malaysia between 1 February and 30 April 2020 with complete outcomes were retrieved. Variables were compared among patients classified as mild (Stage IIII) and severe (Stage IV-V) diseases.3,4 Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify determinants for disease severity. Results Our cohort comprised of 5889 cases (median age 34 years, male 71·7%). The majority were mild (92%), only 3·3% required intensive care with 80% admitted within the first 5 days. Older age (>51years), fever, cough, diarrhoea, breathlessness, tachypnoea, high serum CRP (≥5mg/dL) and abnormal chest radiographs on admission were significant determinants for disease severity (p >0·05). The case fatality rate was 1·2% and the three commonest complications were liver injuries (6·7%), kidney injuries (4%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2·3%)(Table 1). Discussion / Conclusion Lower case fatality rate was contributed by young and mild presenting COVID-19 patients.5 Abnormal chest radiographic findings in symptomatic elderly with tachypnoea require close monitoring in first 5 days to detect early deterioration. Early hospitalisation allows risk stratification and monitoring of patients for timely interventions.
Keywords	Clinical ; Characteristics ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Malaysia ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-27
Publishing country	eu
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Audio / Video ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How should front-line general practitioners use personal protective equipment (PPE)?

Subashini Ambigapathy / Giri Shan Rajahram / Ummi Kalthom Shamsudin / Khoo Ee Ming / Cheah Wee Koo / Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy / Goh Pik Pin / Khor Swee Kheng

Malaysian Family Physician, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 2-

2020 Volume 5

Abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve with the number of cases increasing in Malaysia, placing a significant burden on general practitioners (GPs) to assess and manage suspected cases. GPs must be well equipped with knowledge to set up their clinics, ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve with the number of cases increasing in Malaysia, placing a significant burden on general practitioners (GPs) to assess and manage suspected cases. GPs must be well equipped with knowledge to set up their clinics, use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriately, adopt standard protocols on triaging and referrals, as well as educate patients about PPE. The correct use of PPE will help GPs balance between personal safety and appropriate levels of public concern.
Keywords	atopic eczema ; diagnosis ; assessment ; treatment ; education ; Medicine ; R ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tracking the early depleting transmission dynamics of COVID-19 with a time-varying SIR model

Kian Boon Law / Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy / Balvinder Singh Gill / Sarbhan Singh / Bala Murali Sundram / Kamesh Rajendran / Sarat Chandra Dass / Yi Lin Lee / Pik Pin Goh / Hishamshah Ibrahim / Noor Hisham Abdullah

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract The susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model offers the simplest framework to study transmission dynamics of COVID-19, however, it does not factor in its early depleting trend observed during a lockdown. We modified the SIR model to ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model offers the simplest framework to study transmission dynamics of COVID-19, however, it does not factor in its early depleting trend observed during a lockdown. We modified the SIR model to specifically simulate the early depleting transmission dynamics of COVID-19 to better predict its temporal trend in Malaysia. The classical SIR model was fitted to observed total (I total), active (I) and removed (R) cases of COVID-19 before lockdown to estimate the basic reproduction number. Next, the model was modified with a partial time-varying force of infection, given by a proportionally depleting transmission coefficient, $$\beta_{t}$$ β t and a fractional term, z. The modified SIR model was then fitted to observed data over 6 weeks during the lockdown. Model fitting and projection were validated using the mean absolute percent error (MAPE). The transmission dynamics of COVID-19 was interrupted immediately by the lockdown. The modified SIR model projected the depleting temporal trends with lowest MAPE for I total, followed by I, I daily and R. During lockdown, the dynamics of COVID-19 depleted at a rate of 4.7% each day with a decreased capacity of 40%. For 7-day and 14-day projections, the modified SIR model accurately predicted I total, I and R. The depleting transmission dynamics for COVID-19 during lockdown can be accurately captured by time-varying SIR model. Projection generated based on observed data is useful for future planning and control of COVID-19.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2

Yee Ling Lau / Ilyiana Ismail / Nur Izati Mustapa / Meng Yee Lai / Tuan Suhaila Tuan Soh / Afifah Hassan / Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy / Yee Leng Lee / Yoong Min Chong / I-Ching Sam / Pik Pin Goh

PeerJ, Vol 8, p e

2020 Volume 9278

Abstract: Background Highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods have been developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, they are costly. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has emerged as a ... ...

Abstract	Background Highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods have been developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, they are costly. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has emerged as a novel alternative isothermal amplification method for the detection of nucleic acid. Methods A rapid, sensitive and specific real-time reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Results This assay detected one copy/reaction of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 30 min. Both the clinical sensitivity and specificity of this assay were 100%. The RT-LAMP showed comparable performance with RT-qPCR. Combining simplicity and cost-effectiveness, this assay is therefore recommended for use in resource resource-limited settings.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Diagnosis ; Rapid detection ; RT-LAMP ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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