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  1. Article ; Online: Emergence of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection in domestic Himalayan yaks (Bos grunniens) in Himachal Pradesh, India.

    Sudhakar, Shashi Bhushan / Mishra, Niranjan / Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Sharma, Ram Krishan / Ahirwar, Khusboo / Vashist, Vikram S / Agarwal, Sonam / Sanyal, Aniket

    Archives of virology

    2024  Volume 169, Issue 3, Page(s) 51

    Abstract: In this study, we investigated and confirmed natural lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection in Himalayan yaks (Bos grunniens) in Himachal Pradesh, India, based on clinical manifestations and results of genome detection, antibody detection, virus ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we investigated and confirmed natural lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection in Himalayan yaks (Bos grunniens) in Himachal Pradesh, India, based on clinical manifestations and results of genome detection, antibody detection, virus isolation, and nucleotide sequencing. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis based on complete GPCR, RPO30, and EEV gene sequences revealed that the LSDV isolates from these yaks and local cattle belonged to LSDV subcluster 1.2.1 rather than the dominant subcluster 1.2.2, which is currently circulating in India, suggesting a separate recent introduction. This is the first report of natural LSDV infection in yaks in India, expanding the known host range of LSDV. Further investigations are needed to assess the impact of LSDV infection in yaks.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Lumpy skin disease virus ; Phylogeny ; Base Sequence ; India/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 7491-3
    ISSN 1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
    ISSN (online) 1432-8798
    ISSN 0304-8608
    DOI 10.1007/s00705-024-05994-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease viruses (LSDV) isolated from the first and subsequent field outbreaks in India during 2019 reveals close proximity with unique signatures of historical Kenyan NI‐2490/Kenya/KSGP‐like field strains

    Sudhakar, Shashi Bhushan / Mishra, Niranjan / Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Jhade, Sandeep Kumar / Singh, Vijendra Pal

    Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2022 July, v. 69, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: Lumpy skin disease (LSD), an economically important viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has recently spread into South and East Asia. LSD emerged in India in August 2019, first in Odisha State and spread to other areas, but ... ...

    Abstract Lumpy skin disease (LSD), an economically important viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has recently spread into South and East Asia. LSD emerged in India in August 2019, first in Odisha State and spread to other areas, but there is scanty data on source and molecular epidemiology of LSDV involved in the initial outbreaks. Here we report genetic relationships and molecular features of LSDV, causing outbreaks in cattle spanning seven districts in Odisha and West Bengal States during August–December, 2019. Twelve LSDV isolates obtained using lamb testis cells were sequenced and analysed in four complete genes, GPCR, RPO30, P32 and EEV. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the Indian LSDV isolates from 2019 outbreaks are very closely related (99.7%–100%) to the historical Kenyan NI‐2490/Kenya/KSGP‐like field strains. Importantly, our results demonstrated that LSDV strains involved in 2019 outbreaks in India and Bangladesh are very similar in GPCR (99.7%), RPO30 (100%) and partial EEV (100%) sequences, indicating a common exotic source of LSDV introduction. Additionally, a 12‐nucleotide insertion was found in GPCR gene of LSDV strains from 2019 outbreaks in India and Bangladesh. The findings of this study highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of LSDV strains. These data should be useful while developing diagnostic and control strategies against LSD in India.
    Keywords Lumpy skin disease virus ; cattle ; genes ; lumpy skin disease ; molecular epidemiology ; phylogeny ; testes ; Bangladesh ; East Asia ; India
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-07
    Size p. e451-e462.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.14322
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Evolutionary Analyses of HoBi-like Pestiviruses Reveal Insights into Their Origin and Evolutionary History.

    Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Mishra, Niranjan / Subramaniam, Saravanan / Moorthy, Dashprakash / Sudhakar, Shashi Bhusan / Singh, Vijendra Pal / Sanyal, Aniket

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 3

    Abstract: HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV), classified ... ...

    Abstract HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV), classified under
    MeSH term(s) Cattle ; Animals ; Pestivirus/genetics ; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Bayes Theorem ; Pestivirus Infections/veterinary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15030733
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Infection in Free-Ranging Indian Gazelles (Gazella bennettii), Rajasthan, India.

    Sudhakar, Shashi Bhushan / Mishra, Niranjan / Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Ahirwar, Khusboo / Chatterji, Suchismita / Parihar, Omprakash / Singh, Vijendra Pal / Sanyal, Aniket

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 7, Page(s) 1407–1410

    Abstract: Near a zoo in Bikaner, India, 2 free-ranging Indian gazelles (Gazella bennettii) displayed nodular skin lesions. Molecular testing revealed lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection. Subsequent genome analyses revealed LSDV wild-type strain of Middle ... ...

    Abstract Near a zoo in Bikaner, India, 2 free-ranging Indian gazelles (Gazella bennettii) displayed nodular skin lesions. Molecular testing revealed lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection. Subsequent genome analyses revealed LSDV wild-type strain of Middle Eastern lineage. Evidence of natural LSDV infection in wild gazelles in this area indicates a broadening host range.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; India/epidemiology ; Antelopes ; Lumpy skin disease virus ; Host Specificity ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2907.230043
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease viruses (LSDV) isolated from the first and subsequent field outbreaks in India during 2019 reveals close proximity with unique signatures of historical Kenyan NI-2490/Kenya/KSGP-like field strains.

    Sudhakar, Shashi Bhushan / Mishra, Niranjan / Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Jhade, Sandeep Kumar / Singh, Vijendra Pal

    Transboundary and emerging diseases

    2021  Volume 69, Issue 4, Page(s) e451–e462

    Abstract: Lumpy skin disease (LSD), an economically important viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has recently spread into South and East Asia. LSD emerged in India in August 2019, first in Odisha State and spread to other areas, but ... ...

    Abstract Lumpy skin disease (LSD), an economically important viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has recently spread into South and East Asia. LSD emerged in India in August 2019, first in Odisha State and spread to other areas, but there is scanty data on source and molecular epidemiology of LSDV involved in the initial outbreaks. Here we report genetic relationships and molecular features of LSDV, causing outbreaks in cattle spanning seven districts in Odisha and West Bengal States during August-December, 2019. Twelve LSDV isolates obtained using lamb testis cells were sequenced and analysed in four complete genes, GPCR, RPO30, P32 and EEV. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the Indian LSDV isolates from 2019 outbreaks are very closely related (99.7%-100%) to the historical Kenyan NI-2490/Kenya/KSGP-like field strains. Importantly, our results demonstrated that LSDV strains involved in 2019 outbreaks in India and Bangladesh are very similar in GPCR (99.7%), RPO30 (100%) and partial EEV (100%) sequences, indicating a common exotic source of LSDV introduction. Additionally, a 12-nucleotide insertion was found in GPCR gene of LSDV strains from 2019 outbreaks in India and Bangladesh. The findings of this study highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of LSDV strains. These data should be useful while developing diagnostic and control strategies against LSD in India.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Kenya ; Lumpy Skin Disease/epidemiology ; Lumpy skin disease virus ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ; Phylogeny ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (8NA5SWF92O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.14322
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Reverse genetics based H5N2 vaccine provides clinical protection against H5N1, H5N8 and H9N2 avian influenza infection in chickens.

    Panickan, Sivasankar / Bhatia, Sandeep / Bhat, Sushant / Bhandari, Nisha / Pateriya, Atul Kumar / Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Sood, Richa / Tripathi, Meghna

    Vaccine

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 48, Page(s) 6998–7008

    Abstract: The current study aimed to develop broadly protective vaccines for avian influenza. In an earlier study, HA stalk (universal flu vaccine) was found to be broadly protective against different subtypes of influenza virus in mice. Hence, we were interested ... ...

    Abstract The current study aimed to develop broadly protective vaccines for avian influenza. In an earlier study, HA stalk (universal flu vaccine) was found to be broadly protective against different subtypes of influenza virus in mice. Hence, we were interested to know its breadth of protective efficacy either alone or combined with inactivated rgH5N2 (clade 2.3.2.1a) vaccine against challenge viruses of homologous H5N1, heterologous H5N8 (clade 2.3.4.4) and heterosubtypic H9N2 virus in specific pathogen-free chickens. The rgH5N2 vaccine alone or in combination with HA stalk elicited sufficient pre-challenge immunity in the form of haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (MNT) against H5N1, H5N8, and H9N2 in chickens. The rgH5N2 vaccine alone or in combination with HA stalk also attenuated the shedding of H5N1, H5N8 and H9N2 in chickens and protected against the lethal challenge of H5N1 or H5N8. In contrast, all HA stalk immunised chickens died upon H5N1 or H5N8 challenge and H9N2 challenged chickens survived. Our study suggests that the rgH5N2 vaccine can provide clinical protection against H5N1, H5N8 and can attenuate the viral shedding of H9N2 in chickens.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Influenza in Birds ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; Chickens ; Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype ; Reverse Genetics ; Influenza Vaccines ; Antibodies, Viral
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines ; Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Molecular characterization of recent HoBi‐like pestivirus isolates from cattle showing mucosal disease‐like signs in India reveals emergence of a novel genetic lineage

    Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Mishra, Niranjan / Jayalakshmi, Konappan / Selvaraj, Palanisamy / Sudhakar, Shashi Bhushan / Jhade, Sandeep Kumar / Sood, Richa / Premalatha, Narayanasammi / Singh, Vijendra Pal

    Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2022 Mar., v. 69, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Natural infections with HoBi‐like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) have been detected in cattle in South America, Europe and Asia with a range of clinical manifestations including fatal mucosal disease (MD). In India, although HoBiPeV in cattle has been reported, ... ...

    Abstract Natural infections with HoBi‐like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) have been detected in cattle in South America, Europe and Asia with a range of clinical manifestations including fatal mucosal disease (MD). In India, although HoBiPeV in cattle has been reported, there is no information on currently circulating HoBiPeV strains and associated severe clinical disease. Between September 2018 and December 2019, suspected cases of bovine viral diarrhoea with severe disease in cattle were noticed in farmers’ small holdings in Tamil Nadu State. To determine the extent of pestivirus infection, blood, serum, nasal or oral swab samples of 46 cattle from 18 villages were tested. Based on the real‐time RT‐PCR, antigen ELISA and nucleotide sequencing results, pestivirus was detected in nine cattle from eight villages in two districts and all pestiviruses were identified as HoBiPeV. All nine HoBiPeV‐infected cattle displayed clinical signs resembling MD and HoBiPeV isolates (n = 9) obtained were characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analyses based on 5′‐untranslated regions (5′‐UTR), Nᵖʳᵒ and combined 5′‐UTR‐Nᵖʳᵒ gene sequences revealed that eight HoBiPeV isolates clustered into a clade, distinct from all reported HoBiPeV clades (a–d), whereas one belonged to HoBiPeV‐d clade, thus providing evidence of emergence of a novel HoBiPeV clade (e). This was also supported by HoBiPeV‐e clade‐specific amino acid substitutions in Nᵖʳᵒ and the antigenic reactivity patterns. The study demonstrates the existence and independent evolution of five HoBiPeV clades (four main clades) globally and surprisingly three exclusive to India. Also we confirm first HoBiPeV occurrence in southern India with predominant prevalence of HoBiPeV‐e strains. Besides demonstrating increased HoBiPeV genetic diversity, here we show association of HoBiPeV with severe clinical disease involving fatalities highlighting impact of HoBiPeV on cattle health. The emergence of a novel HoBiPeV lineage provides new insights on global HoBiPeV epidemiology and genetic diversity reiterating the need for continuous monitoring of HoBiPeV in India.
    Keywords Pestivirus ; amino acids ; antigens ; blood serum ; bovine viral diarrhea ; cattle ; disease severity ; genes ; genetic variation ; nose ; phylogeny ; Europe ; India ; South America
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-03
    Size p. 308-326.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.13981
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Molecular characterization of recent HoBi-like pestivirus isolates from cattle showing mucosal disease-like signs in India reveals emergence of a novel genetic lineage.

    Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Mishra, Niranjan / Jayalakshmi, Konappan / Selvaraj, Palanisamy / Sudhakar, Shashi Bhushan / Jhade, Sandeep Kumar / Sood, Richa / Premalatha, Narayanasammi / Singh, Vijendra Pal

    Transboundary and emerging diseases

    2021  Volume 69, Issue 2, Page(s) 308–326

    Abstract: Natural infections with HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) have been detected in cattle in South America, Europe and Asia with a range of clinical manifestations including fatal mucosal disease (MD). In India, although HoBiPeV in cattle has been reported, ... ...

    Abstract Natural infections with HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) have been detected in cattle in South America, Europe and Asia with a range of clinical manifestations including fatal mucosal disease (MD). In India, although HoBiPeV in cattle has been reported, there is no information on currently circulating HoBiPeV strains and associated severe clinical disease. Between September 2018 and December 2019, suspected cases of bovine viral diarrhoea with severe disease in cattle were noticed in farmers' small holdings in Tamil Nadu State. To determine the extent of pestivirus infection, blood, serum, nasal or oral swab samples of 46 cattle from 18 villages were tested. Based on the real-time RT-PCR, antigen ELISA and nucleotide sequencing results, pestivirus was detected in nine cattle from eight villages in two districts and all pestiviruses were identified as HoBiPeV. All nine HoBiPeV-infected cattle displayed clinical signs resembling MD and HoBiPeV isolates (n = 9) obtained were characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analyses based on 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR), N
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; India/epidemiology ; Pestivirus ; Pestivirus Infections/epidemiology ; Pestivirus Infections/veterinary ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.13981
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Development and evaluation of real-time RT-PCR using ear hair for specific detection of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus (BDV).

    Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Mishra, Niranjan / Rajukumar, Katherukamem / Behera, Sthitha Pragnya / Jhade, Sandeep Kumar / Singh, Vijendra Pal

    Journal of virological methods

    2019  Volume 269, Page(s) 55–63

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop an improved border disease virus (BDV) specific real time RT-PCR and to evaluate its performance on manually plucked hairs from sheep persistently infected with BDV that may act as a non-invasive alternate sample. The ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to develop an improved border disease virus (BDV) specific real time RT-PCR and to evaluate its performance on manually plucked hairs from sheep persistently infected with BDV that may act as a non-invasive alternate sample. The BDV real time RT-PCR assay reported here showed a high analytical sensitivity (10
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Border Disease/diagnosis ; Border Disease/virology ; Border disease virus/isolation & purification ; Ear/virology ; Hair/virology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sheep ; Viral Load
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Validation Study
    ZDB-ID 8013-5
    ISSN 1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
    ISSN (online) 1879-0984
    ISSN 0166-0934
    DOI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Development and evaluation of real-time RT-PCR using ear hair for specific detection of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus (BDV)

    Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan / Mishra, Niranjan / Rajukumar, Katherukamem / Behera, Sthitha Pragnya / Jhade, Sandeep Kumar / Singh, Vijendra Pal

    Journal of virological methods. 2019 July, v. 269

    2019  

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop an improved border disease virus (BDV) specific real time RT-PCR and to evaluate its performance on manually plucked hairs from sheep persistently infected with BDV that may act as a non-invasive alternate sample. The ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to develop an improved border disease virus (BDV) specific real time RT-PCR and to evaluate its performance on manually plucked hairs from sheep persistently infected with BDV that may act as a non-invasive alternate sample. The BDV real time RT-PCR assay reported here showed a high analytical sensitivity (100.6 TCID50/ml), specificity (no reactivity with BVDV-1, BVDV-2, HoBi-like pestivirus and CSFV) and reproducibility. When the assay was validated on 210 samples from BDV-infected and uninfected sheep, it showed a 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity with virus isolation. Further evaluation of the assay on manually plucked hair follicles from ear (mid-lateral, mid-medial) and tail tip from sheep persistently infected with BDV showed that a minimum of 20 hair follicles need to be tested for correct diagnosis of BDV. The BDV load was comparatively higher in hairs from mid-medial ear than those from other tested locations. Evaluation on other samples from PI sheep demonstrated that the test performance was similar to that of pestivirus generic real-time RT-PCR, but improved than the currently available BDV specific real-time RT-PCR. Although more number of PI animals need to be evaluated, the results of the study showed that manually plucked hairs from mid-medial ear pinna is a suitable alternative sample in real-time RT-PCR for detection of BDV persistently infected sheep. Use of the non-invasive ear hair samples and the improved BDV specific real-time RT-PCR reported here may be useful for BDV surveillance in several sheep rearing countries.
    Keywords Border disease virus ; detection limit ; diagnostic sensitivity ; ears ; hair follicles ; hairs ; monitoring ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; rearing ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; sheep ; tail ; viruses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-07
    Size p. 55-63.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 8013-5
    ISSN 1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
    ISSN (online) 1879-0984
    ISSN 0166-0934
    DOI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.003
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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