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Article ; Online: One out of ten independent components shows flipped polarity with poorer data quality: EEG database study.

Miyakoshi, Makoto / Kim, Hyeonseok / Nakanishi, Masaki / Palmer, Jason / Kanayama, Noriaki

2023 Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) e26540

Abstract: Independent component analysis (ICA) is widely used today for scalp-recorded EEG analysis. One of the limitations of ICA-based analysis is polarity indeterminacy. It is not easy to find detailed documentations that explains engineering solutions of how ... ...

Abstract	Independent component analysis (ICA) is widely used today for scalp-recorded EEG analysis. One of the limitations of ICA-based analysis is polarity indeterminacy. It is not easy to find detailed documentations that explains engineering solutions of how the polarity indeterminacy is addressed in a given implementation. We investigated how it is implemented in the case of EEGLAB and also the relation between the outcome of the polarity determination and classification of independent components (ICs) in terms of the estimated nature of the sources (brain, muscle, eye, etc.) using an open database of n = 212 EEG dataset of resting state recordings. We found that (1) about 91% of ICs showed positive-dominant IC scalp topographies; (2) positive-dominant ICs were more associated with brain-originated signals; (3) positive-dominant ICs showed more radial (peaked at 10-30 degrees deviations from the radial axis) dipolar projection pattern with less residual variance from fitting the equivalent current dipole. In conclusion, using the EEGLAB's default ICA algorithm, one out of 10 ICs results in flipping its polarity to negative, which is associated with non-radial dipole orientation with higher residual variance. Thus, we determined EEGLAB biases toward positive polarity in decomposing high-quality brain ICs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Algorithms ; Scalp/physiology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Artifacts
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1197207-5
ISSN	1097-0193 ; 1065-9471
ISSN (online)	1097-0193
ISSN	1065-9471
DOI	10.1002/hbm.26540
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Article: Cardiac Cycle Affects the Asymmetric Value Updating in Instrumental Reward Learning.

Kimura, Kenta / Kanayama, Noriaki / Toyama, Asako / Katahira, Kentaro

Frontiers in neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 889440

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether instrumental reward learning is affected by the cardiac cycle. To this end, we examined the effects of the cardiac cycle (systole or diastole) on the computational processes underlying the participants' choices in ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to investigate whether instrumental reward learning is affected by the cardiac cycle. To this end, we examined the effects of the cardiac cycle (systole or diastole) on the computational processes underlying the participants' choices in the instrumental learning task. In the instrumental learning task, participants were required to select one of two discriminative stimuli (neutral visual stimuli) and immediately receive reward/punishment feedback depending on the probability assigned to the chosen stimuli. To manipulate the cardiac cycle, the presentation of discriminative stimuli was timed to coincide with either cardiac systole or diastole. We fitted the participants' choices in the task with reinforcement learning (RL) models and estimated parameters involving instrumental learning (i.e., learning rate and inverse temperature) separately in the systole and diastole trials. Model-based analysis revealed that the learning rate for positive prediction errors was higher than that for negative prediction errors in the systole trials; however, learning rates did not differ between positive and negative prediction errors in the diastole trials. These results demonstrate that the natural fluctuation of cardiac afferent signals can affect asymmetric value updating in instrumental reward learning.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2022.889440
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Article ; Online: Cardiac cycle affects risky decision-making.

Kimura, Kenta / Kanayama, Noriaki / Katahira, Kentaro

Biological psychology

2022 Volume 176, Page(s) 108471

Abstract: This study investigates whether decision-making under uncertainty is influenced by the cardiac cycle. To test this hypothesis, we examined the influence of the cardiac cycle on an individual's decision-making process in a gambling experiment. ... ...

Abstract	This study investigates whether decision-making under uncertainty is influenced by the cardiac cycle. To test this hypothesis, we examined the influence of the cardiac cycle on an individual's decision-making process in a gambling experiment. Participants were asked to choose one option with a sure payout or uncertain option with varying degrees of winning probability, ambiguity, and monetary amounts. The onset of presentation of the options is timed to coincide with either cardiac ventricular systole or diastole. The results show that, for most participants, the risk aversion score was lower in the systole trial than in the diastole trial. Model-based exploratory analysis revealed that the higher propensity to take risks in the systole trial compared with that in the diastole trial could be captured better by the change in the gambling bias against the utility of the risky options, rather than by a change in risk attitude. The results provide evidence that the natural fluctuation of cardiac afferent signals can affect risky decision-making.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Decision Making/physiology ; Gambling ; Risk-Taking ; Uncertainty ; Systole ; Diastole
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	185105-6
ISSN	1873-6246 ; 0301-0511
ISSN (online)	1873-6246
ISSN	0301-0511
DOI	10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108471
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Article ; Online: Modulation of Bodily Self-Consciousness by Self and External Touch.

Hara, Masayuki / Kanayama, Noriaki / Blanke, Olaf / Salomon, Roy

IEEE transactions on haptics

2021 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 615–625

Abstract: The full body illusion (FBI) is a bodily illusion based on the application of multisensory conflicts that induce changes in bodily self-consciousness (BSC). This has been used to study cognitive brain mechanisms underlying body ownership and related ... ...

Abstract	The full body illusion (FBI) is a bodily illusion based on the application of multisensory conflicts that induce changes in bodily self-consciousness (BSC). This has been used to study cognitive brain mechanisms underlying body ownership and related aspects of self-consciousness. Typically, such paradigms employ external passive multisensory stimulation, thus neglecting the possible contributions of self-generated action and haptic cues to body ownership. In this article, the effects of both external and voluntary self-touch on BSC were examined with a robotics-based FBI paradigm. We compared the effects of classical passive visuotactile stimulation and active self-touch (in which experimental participants had a sense of agency over the tactile stimulation) on the FBI. We evaluated these effects using a questionnaire, crossmodal congruency task, and measurements of changes in self-location. The results indicated that both synchronous passive visuotactile stimulation and synchronous active self-touch induced illusory ownership over a virtual body, without significant differences in their magnitudes. However, the FBI induced by active self-touch was associated with a larger drift in self-location towards the virtual body. These results show that movement-related signals arising from self-touch impact the BSC not only for hand ownership but also for torso-centered body ownership and related aspects of BSC.
MeSH term(s)	Body Image ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Illusions ; Self Concept ; Touch ; Touch Perception ; Visual Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2329-4051
ISSN (online)	2329-4051
DOI	10.1109/TOH.2021.3067651
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Article ; Online: Hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses of the human amygdala during face imitation-a study using functional MRI and intracranial EEG.

Iidaka, Tetsuya / Maesawa, Satoshi / Kanayama, Noriaki / Miyakoshi, Makoto / Ishizaki, Tomotaka / Saito, Ryuta

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

2023 Volume 34, Issue 1

Abstract: The involvement of the human amygdala in facial mimicry remains a matter of debate. We investigated neural activity in the human amygdala during a task in which an imitation task was separated in time from an observation task involving facial expressions. ...

Abstract	The involvement of the human amygdala in facial mimicry remains a matter of debate. We investigated neural activity in the human amygdala during a task in which an imitation task was separated in time from an observation task involving facial expressions. Neural activity in the amygdala was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 18 healthy individuals and using intracranial electroencephalogram in six medically refractory patients with epilepsy. The results of functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment showed that mimicry of negative and positive expressions activated the amygdala more than mimicry of non-emotional facial movements. In intracranial electroencephalogram experiment and time-frequency analysis, emotion-related activity of the amygdala during mimicry was observed as a significant neural oscillation in the high gamma band range. Furthermore, spectral event analysis of individual trial intracranial electroencephalogram data revealed that sustained oscillation of gamma band activity originated from an increased number and longer duration of neural events in the amygdala. Based on these findings, we conclude that during facial mimicry, visual information of expressions and feedback from facial movements are combined in the amygdalar nuclei. Considering the time difference of information approaching the amygdala, responses to facial movements are likely to modulate rather than initiate affective processing in human participants.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Electrocorticography ; Imitative Behavior ; Emotions/physiology ; Amygdala/diagnostic imaging ; Amygdala/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Hemodynamics ; Facial Expression ; Brain Mapping/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1077450-6
ISSN	1460-2199 ; 1047-3211
ISSN (online)	1460-2199
ISSN	1047-3211
DOI	10.1093/cercor/bhad488
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Zs.A 3235: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Virtual reality alters cortical oscillations related to visuo-tactile integration during rubber hand illusion.

Kanayama, Noriaki / Hara, Masayuki / Kimura, Kenta

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 1436

Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) enables the fast, free, and highly controllable setting of experimental body images. Illusions pertaining to a body, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI), can be easily conducted in VR settings, and some phenomena, such as full- ... ...

Abstract	Virtual reality (VR) enables the fast, free, and highly controllable setting of experimental body images. Illusions pertaining to a body, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI), can be easily conducted in VR settings, and some phenomena, such as full-body illusions, are only realized in virtual environments. However, the multisensory-integration process in VR is not yet fully understood. Thus, it remains to be clarified if specific phenomena that occur under VR settings manifest in real life as well. One useful investigative approach is measuring brain activities during a psychological experiment. Electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory activities provide insight into the human multisensory integration process. Nevertheless, EEG data can be vulnerable to VR noise, which causes measurement and analytical difficulties for EEG data recorded in VR environments. Here, we achieve an experimental RHI setting using a head-mounted display that provides a VR visual space and VR dummy hand along with EEG measurements. We compared EEG data collected in both real and VR environments and observed the gamma and theta band oscillatory activities. Ultimately, we observed statistically significant differences between congruent (RHI) and incongruent (not RHI) conditions in the real environment, which is consistent with previous studies. Differences in the VR condition were observed only on the late theta band oscillation, suggesting that the VR setting itself altered the perceptual and sensory integration mechanisms. Thus, we must model this difference between real and VR settings whenever we use VR to investigate our bodily self-perception.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-80807-y
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Article ; Online: Emotion-related cerebral blood flow changes in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex: An NIRS study.

Ozawa, Sachiyo / Kanayama, Noriaki / Hiraki, Kazuo

Brain and cognition

2019 Volume 134, Page(s) 21–28

Abstract: The current study examined whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in the anterior ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) represent responses to emotional stimuli instead of cognitive control of emotion during distraction tasks, as suggested by our ... ...

Abstract	The current study examined whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in the anterior ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) represent responses to emotional stimuli instead of cognitive control of emotion during distraction tasks, as suggested by our previous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study. The functional distinction of MPFC regions is occasionally difficult due to their multiple functions. Here, we addressed some remaining concerns from our previous distraction studies, and employed the distraction paradigm, in which negative or neutral images are presented as emotional stimuli; a rest period is included in one condition and working memory (distraction) tasks in the other. To extract the components of CBF changes associated with responses to negative emotional stimuli (defined as emotion-related CBF changes), we subtracted the CBF changes obtained in the neutral condition from those in the negative condition. We found that emotion-related CBF changes in the anterior left VMPFC were significantly greater in the rest condition than in the distraction task condition. These findings imply that the distraction task decreased unnecessary brain activities, resulting in decrease in the emotion-related CBF changes. They support our previous findings, indicating that CBF changes in anterior VMPFC regions, measured using NIRS, are specifically associated with responses to emotional stimuli.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Rest/physiology ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603163-8
ISSN	1090-2147 ; 0278-2626
ISSN (online)	1090-2147
ISSN	0278-2626
DOI	10.1016/j.bandc.2019.05.001
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Article: Corrigendum: The Shape of Water Stream Induces Differences in P300 and Alpha Oscillation.

Kanayama, Noriaki / Mio, Shumpei / Yaita, Ryohei / Ohashi, Takahiro / Yamawaki, Shigeto

Frontiers in human neuroscience

2020 Volume 14, Page(s) 587733

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00460.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00460.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2425477-0
ISSN	1662-5161
ISSN	1662-5161
DOI	10.3389/fnhum.2020.587733
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Article: The Shape of Water Stream Induces Differences in P300 and Alpha Oscillation.

Kanayama, Noriaki / Mio, Shumpei / Yaita, Ryohei / Ohashi, Takahiro / Yamawaki, Shigeto

Frontiers in human neuroscience

2020 Volume 13, Page(s) 460

Abstract: Touching is a fundamental human behavior used to evaluate objects in the external world. Many previous studies have used tactile stimulation to conduct psychological and psychophysiological experiments. However, most of these studies used solid material, ...

Abstract	Touching is a fundamental human behavior used to evaluate objects in the external world. Many previous studies have used tactile stimulation to conduct psychological and psychophysiological experiments. However, most of these studies used solid material, not water stream, as an experimental stimulus. To investigate water perception, or to easily control the temperature of an experimental stimulus, it is important to be able to control the water stimulus. In this study, we investigated the usability of water as an experimental stimulus for electroencephalography (EEG) experiments and report the basic EEG response to water stimulus. We developed a tactile stimulation device using a water stream to study EEG responses, with the ability to control the stimulus onset timing. As stimuli, we selected two types of water stream, normal and soft, based on a psychological experiment to confirm a difference of subjective feeling induced by these water streams. We conducted a typical oddball task using the two different water streams and recorded EEG waveforms from 64 electrodes while participants touched the water streams. We calculated P300 at the Pz electrode, alpha asymmetry at the frontal electrodes, and alpha suppression at the parietal area. As a result, we observed typical P300 differentiation based on the stimulus proportion (target 20% and standard 80%). We observed a weaker alpha suppression when participants touched the soft water stream compared to the normal shower. These results demonstrate the usability of water stream in psychophysiological studies and suggested that alpha suppression could be a candidate to evaluate comfort of water stream.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2425477-0
ISSN	1662-5161
ISSN	1662-5161
DOI	10.3389/fnhum.2019.00460
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Article: Attentive Observation Is Essential for the Misattribution of Agency to Self-Performance.

Kashihara, Shiho / Kanayama, Noriaki / Miyatani, Makoto / Nakao, Takashi

Frontiers in psychology

2017 Volume 8, Page(s) 890

Abstract: Recent studies have repeatedly demonstrated a false memory phenomenon in which people falsely remember having performed an action by oneself when in fact they have only observed the action by another person. We investigated the attentional effect to the ... ...

Abstract	Recent studies have repeatedly demonstrated a false memory phenomenon in which people falsely remember having performed an action by oneself when in fact they have only observed the action by another person. We investigated the attentional effect to the action itself on the observation inflation. Fifty-four participants first performed and read actions (Phase 1); then, they observed the action video that showed another's actions (Phase 2), some of which they had not performed in Phase 1. In the Phase 2, they were required to focus on either the actor's performance (i.e., attentive observation condition) or irrelevant objects, which were presented in the background (i.e., inattentive observation condition) to modulate their attention. Around 2 weeks later, participants took a surprise source-memory test (Phase 3). In this phase, we asked them to judge whether they "performed," "read," or "not presented" the action in Phase 1. Three participants were removed from analysis, because they could not attend Phase 3 within 10-16 days after completion of the second phase. We found observation inflation only in the attentive condition, which contradicted the notions from other false memory studies that showed that attention to the target stimuli reduced false memory in general. We discussed the observation inflation mechanism from the perspective of the "like me" system, including the mirror neuron system, self-ownership, and self-agency.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00890
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