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Article ; Online: A novel GABAergic population in the medial vestibular nucleus maintains wakefulness and gates rapid eye movement sleep.

Nakatsuka, Daiki / Kanda, Takeshi / Sato, Makito / Ishikawa, Yukiko / Cherasse, Yoan / Yanagisawa, Masashi

iScience

2024 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 109289

Abstract: Body rocking can either induce sleep or arousal. That is, the vestibular sense influences sleep-wake states. Neuronal interactions between sleep-wake systems and vestibular systems, however, remain unclear. In this study, we found that GABAergic neurons ... ...

Abstract	Body rocking can either induce sleep or arousal. That is, the vestibular sense influences sleep-wake states. Neuronal interactions between sleep-wake systems and vestibular systems, however, remain unclear. In this study, we found that GABAergic neurons in the lateral part of the medial vestibular nucleus (LMVN), a primary vestibular afferent projection site, control sleep-wake states. Specific inhibition of LMVN GABAergic neurons revealed that the firing of LMVN GABAergic neurons underlies stable wakefulness and smooth transitions from non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and that LMVN GABAergic neurons do not affect body balance control in freely moving conditions. Selective axonal tracing of LMVN GABAergic neurons indicated that LMVN GABAergic neurons send axons not only to areas involved in vestibular and oculomotor functions but also to areas regulating sleep-wake states. Our findings suggest that LMVN GABAergic neurons stabilize wakefulness and gate the entry into REM sleep through the use of vestibular information.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-0042
ISSN (online)	2589-0042
DOI	10.1016/j.isci.2024.109289
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Article ; Online: Study of the reverse transition in pipe flow.

Yokoo, Hikaru / Yamamoto, Mizuki / Matsumoto, Takumi / Yamada, Takahiro / Kanda, Takeshi

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 12333

Abstract: In the reverse transition in pipe flow, turbulent flow changes to less disturbed laminar flow. The entropy of the flow appears to decrease. This study examined the reverse transition experimentally and theoretically using entropy change and momentum ... ...

Abstract	In the reverse transition in pipe flow, turbulent flow changes to less disturbed laminar flow. The entropy of the flow appears to decrease. This study examined the reverse transition experimentally and theoretically using entropy change and momentum balance models, not in terms of disturbance in the flow. The reverse transition was accomplished by decreasing the Reynolds number. The transitions approximately correlated with local Reynolds numbers. The initial Reynolds number of the transition became larger, and the pressure at low Reynolds numbers was greater than in ordinary pipe flow. These behaviours were caused by turbulent flow in the pipe undergoing a reverse transition. We showed that the entropy did not decrease in the reverse transition by including the entropy due to friction in the development region.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-39585-6
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Article ; Online: Impact of dietary habits on renal function in Saku, a rural Japanese town: a cohort study.

Adachi, Keika / Yasuda, Marie / Ida, Makiko / Kanda, Takeshi / Morita, Akemi / Wakino, Shu / Watanabe, Shaw / Itoh, Hiroshi

Clinical and experimental nephrology

2024

Abstract: Background: High protein intake leads to a decline in renal function in the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). An effective diet for maintaining renal function in healthy individuals or patients in the early stages of CKD has not been ... ...

Abstract	Background: High protein intake leads to a decline in renal function in the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). An effective diet for maintaining renal function in healthy individuals or patients in the early stages of CKD has not been established. This cohort study was conducted in Saku, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, to investigate the impact of dietary habits on renal function. Methods: In this cross-sectional cohort study, we used the Saku Control Obesity Program (UMIN000016892), including 4,446 participants who submitted a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and underwent routine physical examination. The amount of food intake was divided into quartiles. After adjusting for age and sex, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for the risk of developing CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m Results: In total, 3,899 participants were analyzed. The overall prevalence of patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m Conclusions: Our cross-sectional study showed that the intake of chicken meat, natto, and plant protein was associated with high eGFR levels. This information can be of value for preventing CKD incidence in healthy Japanese individuals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1338768-6
ISSN	1437-7799 ; 1342-1751
ISSN (online)	1437-7799
ISSN	1342-1751
DOI	10.1007/s10157-024-02479-6
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Article ; Online: N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (N-Me-2PY) has potent anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity in a fibrotic kidney model: is it an old uremic toxin?

Yoshimura, Norito / Yamada, Katsutoshi / Ono, Takashi / Notoya, Mitsuru / Yukioka, Hideo / Takahashi, Rina / Wakino, Shu / Kanda, Takeshi / Itoh, Hiroshi

Clinical and experimental nephrology

2023 Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 901–911

Abstract: Background: Uremic toxins accumulate in renal tissues and cells due to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Abnormalities in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) metabolism lead to the progression of CKD. NAD + metabolites, such as N-methyl-2-pyridone-5- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Uremic toxins accumulate in renal tissues and cells due to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Abnormalities in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) metabolism lead to the progression of CKD. NAD + metabolites, such as N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (N-Me-2PY) and N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide (N-Me-4PY), have been recognized as uremic toxins. However, no reports have validated whether they are actually harmful to the body. Therefore, we focused on the structural similarity of these metabolites to the anti-fibrotic drug pirfenidone and evaluated their effects on renal fibrosis. Methods: Each NAD + metabolite was treated with TGFβ1 to kidney fibroblasts or tubular epithelial cells, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were conducted. N-Me-2PY was orally administered to a ligated murine kidney fibrosis model (UUO) to evaluate its anti-fibrotic and toxic effects on the body. Results: N-Me-2PY, N-Me-4PY, and nicotinamide N-oxide (NNO) inhibited TGFβ1-induced fibrosis and inflammatory gene expression in kidney fibroblasts. N-Me-2PY strongly suppressed the expression of types I and III collagen, αSMA, and IL-6. N-Me-2PY also suppressed TGFβ1-induced type I collagen and IL-6 expression in renal tubular epithelial cells. No toxic effect was observed with N-Me-2PY treatment, while attenuating renal fibrosis and tubular dilation in UUO mice. Suppression of various fibrosis- and inflammation-related genes was also observed. N-Me-2PY did not inhibit TGFβ1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation but inhibited Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that N-Me-2PY exerts anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects through Akt inhibition, similar to pirfenidone. Conclusions: NAD + metabolites, such as N-Me-2PY, are not uremic toxins but are potential therapeutic agents that have anti-fibrotic effects in CKD.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; NAD/metabolism ; Uremic Toxins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Interleukin-6 ; Kidney/metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Fibrosis ; Ureteral Obstruction/complications ; Ureteral Obstruction/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	NAD (0U46U6E8UK) ; Uremic Toxins ; N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Interleukin-6 ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1338768-6
ISSN	1437-7799 ; 1342-1751
ISSN (online)	1437-7799
ISSN	1342-1751
DOI	10.1007/s10157-023-02379-1
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Article ; Online: Sodium benzoate attenuates 2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephropathy by inhibiting monocyte/macrophage TNF-α expression.

Oshima, Yoichi / Wakino, Shu / Kanda, Takeshi / Tajima, Takaya / Itoh, Tomoaki / Uchiyama, Kiyotaka / Yoshimoto, Keiko / Sasabe, Jumpei / Yasui, Masato / Itoh, Hiroshi

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 3331

Abstract: Sodium benzoate (SB), a known D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) enzyme inhibitor, has an anti-inflammatory effect, although its role in renal damage has not been explored. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystal induced chronic kidney disease, in which TNF-α is involved ... ...

Abstract	Sodium benzoate (SB), a known D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) enzyme inhibitor, has an anti-inflammatory effect, although its role in renal damage has not been explored. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystal induced chronic kidney disease, in which TNF-α is involved in the pathogenesis, was established by oral adenine administration in C57BL/6JJcl mice (AdCKD) with or without SB to investigate its renal protective effects. SB significantly attenuated AdCKD by decreasing serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and kidney interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy scores. The survival of AdCKD mice improved 2.6-fold by SB administration. SB significantly decreased the number of infiltrating macrophages observed in the positive F4/80 immunohistochemistry area and reduced the expression of macrophage markers and inflammatory genes, including TNF-α, in the kidneys of AdCKD. Human THP-1 cells stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide or TNF-α showed increased expression of inflammatory genes, although this was significantly reduced by SB, confirming the anti-inflammatory effects of SB. SB exhibited renal protective effects in AdCKD in DAO enzyme deficient mice, suggesting that anti-inflammatory effect of SB was independent of DAO enzyme activity. Moreover, binding to motif DNA sequence, protein level, and mRNA level of NF-κB RelB were significantly inhibited by SB in AdCKD kidneys and lipopolysaccharide treated THP-1 cells, respectively. We report that anti-inflammatory property of SB is independent of DAO enzymatic activity and is associated with down regulated NF-κB RelB as well as its downstream inflammatory genes such as TNF-α in AdCKD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Sodium Benzoate ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Monocytes ; NF-kappa B ; Macrophages ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Chemical Substances	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Sodium Benzoate (OJ245FE5EU) ; 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (30377-37-8) ; Lipopolysaccharides ; NF-kappa B
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-30056-6
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Article ; Online: Comparison of the effects of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and thiazide diuretic/renin-angiotensin system inhibitor combination therapy in hypertensive patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Mitsuno, Ryunosuke / Uchiyama, Kiyotaka / Nakayama, Takashin / Takahashi, Rina / Yoshimoto, Norifumi / Yamaguchi, Shintaro / Washida, Naoki / Kanda, Takeshi / Hayashi, Kaori / Itoh, Hiroshi

Journal of human hypertension

2023 Volume 37, Issue 12, Page(s) 1049–1055

Abstract: Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) have been approved as antihypertensive agents in Japan, and thiazide diuretics (TZDs) are widely used concomitantly with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) for hypertension. This retrospective ... ...

Abstract	Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) have been approved as antihypertensive agents in Japan, and thiazide diuretics (TZDs) are widely used concomitantly with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) for hypertension. This retrospective study included patients with hypertension who switched from RASI to ARNI therapy (ARNI group) and those who were prescribed TZDs with RASIs (TZD/RASI group). Drug-related changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood pressure (BP), body weight (BW), serum electrolytes, uric acid (UA), and triglyceride levels were compared between the two groups. Overall, 70 participants (31 and 39 in the ARNI and TZD/RASI groups, respectively) were enrolled and observed for a median of 2 months. According to linear mixed models, compared with the TZD/RASI group, the ARNI group exhibited a significant change in mean eGFR of 3.71 mL/min/1.73 m
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects ; Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects ; Heart Failure/drug therapy ; Hypertension/diagnosis ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Neprilysin/pharmacology ; Neprilysin/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Angiotensin/therapeutic use ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Triglycerides
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Neprilysin (EC 3.4.24.11) ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors ; Triglycerides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639472-3
ISSN	1476-5527 ; 0950-9240
ISSN (online)	1476-5527
ISSN	0950-9240
DOI	10.1038/s41371-023-00851-9
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Zs.A 2380: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Seasonal variation in predialysis systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular events in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Takahashi, Rina / Maruki, Tomomi / Uchiyama, Kiyotaka / Washida, Naoki / Shibagaki, Keigo / Yanai, Akane / Nakayama, Takashin / Hayashi, Kaori / Kanda, Takeshi / Itoh, Hiroshi

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension

2023 Volume 46, Issue 9, Page(s) 2192–2202

Abstract: Predialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients on hemodialysis (HD) consistently followed a seasonal pattern, reaching a peak in winter and nadir in summer, similar to blood pressure in the general population. However, the relationship between ... ...

Abstract	Predialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients on hemodialysis (HD) consistently followed a seasonal pattern, reaching a peak in winter and nadir in summer, similar to blood pressure in the general population. However, the relationship between seasonal variations in predialysis SBP and clinical outcomes is still under-investigated in Japanese patients on HD. This retrospective cohort study included 307 Japanese patients undergoing HD for >1 year in three dialysis clinics and evaluated the association between the standard deviation (SD) of predialysis SBP and clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or unstable angina, stroke, heart failure, and other severe cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization) with 2.5 years follow-up. The SD of predialysis SBP was 8.2 (6.4-10.9) mmHg. In the model fully adjusted for the SD of predialysis SBP, predialysis SBP, age, sex, HD vintage, Charlson comorbidity index, ultrafiltration rate, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, corrected calcium, phosphorus, human atrial natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, albumin, hemoglobin, body mass index, normalized protein catabolism rate, and intradialytic SBP decline, Cox regression analyses showed that a higher SD of predialysis SBP (per 10 mmHg) was significantly associated with increased MACE risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.07-3.36) and all-cause hospitalization (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.07-2.30). Therefore, greater seasonal variations in predialysis SBP were associated with worse clinical outcomes, including MACEs and all-cause hospitalization. Whether interventions to reduce seasonal variations in predialysis SBP will improve the prognosis of Japanese patients on HD must be investigated further.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Failure/complications ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Male ; Female
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1175297-x
ISSN	1348-4214 ; 0916-9636
ISSN (online)	1348-4214
ISSN	0916-9636
DOI	10.1038/s41440-023-01364-1
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Zs.A 3898: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Mean annual intradialytic blood pressure decline and cardiovascular events in Japanese patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Takahashi, Rina / Uchiyama, Kiyotaka / Washida, Naoki / Shibagaki, Keigo / Yanai, Akane / Nakayama, Takashin / Nagashima, Kengo / Sato, Yasunori / Kanda, Takeshi / Itoh, Hiroshi

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension

2023 Volume 46, Issue 6, Page(s) 1536–1546

Abstract: An intradialytic systolic blood pressure (SBP) decline, which defines intradialytic hypotension, may be associated with higher all-cause mortality. However, in Japanese patients on hemodialysis (HD), the association between intradialytic SBP decline and ... ...

Abstract	An intradialytic systolic blood pressure (SBP) decline, which defines intradialytic hypotension, may be associated with higher all-cause mortality. However, in Japanese patients on hemodialysis (HD), the association between intradialytic SBP decline and patient outcomes is unclear. This retrospective cohort study included 307 Japanese patients undergoing HD over 1 year in three dialysis clinics and evaluated the association between the mean annual intradialytic SBP decline (predialysis SBP-nadir intradialytic SBP) and clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or unstable angina, stroke, heart failure, and other severe cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization) by following up for 2 years. The mean annual intradialytic SBP decline was 24.2 (25-75th percentile, 18.3-35.0) mmHg. In the model fully adjusted for intradialytic SBP decline tertile group (T1, <20.4 mmHg; T2, 20.4 to <29.9 mmHg; T3, ≥29.9 mmHg), predialysis SBP, age, sex, HD vintage, Charlson comorbidity index, ultrafiltration rate, use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, corrected calcium, phosphorus, human atrial natriuretic peptide, geriatric nutritional risk index, normalized protein catabolism rate, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and use of pressor agents, Cox regression analyses showed that the hazard ratio (HR) was significantly higher for T3 than for T1 for MACEs (HR, 2.38; 95% confidence interval 1.12-5.09) and all-cause hospitalization (HR, 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.03-2.74). Therefore, in Japanese patients on HD, a greater intradialytic SBP decline was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether interventions to attenuate the intradialytic SBP decline will improve the prognosis of Japanese patients on HD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; East Asian People ; Hypotension/etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1175297-x
ISSN	1348-4214 ; 0916-9636
ISSN (online)	1348-4214
ISSN	0916-9636
DOI	10.1038/s41440-023-01228-8
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Zs.A 3898: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Hemodialysis treatment of vancomycin-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Mitsuno, Ryunosuke / Nakayama, Takashin / Uchiyama, Kiyotaka / Yoshimoto, Norifumi / Kusahana, Ei / Morimoto, Kohkichi / Yoshino, Jun / Yoshida, Tadashi / Kanda, Takeshi / Yamaguchi, Shintaro / Hayashi, Kaori

CEN case reports

2024

Abstract: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), is a severe drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction with 10% mortality. To date, there is insufficient evidence regarding the ... ...

Abstract	Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), is a severe drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction with 10% mortality. To date, there is insufficient evidence regarding the association between DRESS/DIHS and serum levels of vancomycin (VCM). Here, we report the case of a 46-year-old woman undergoing peritoneal dialysis who developed VCM-induced DRESS/DIHS. She was hospitalized for peritonitis with abdominal pain and treated with VCM. On day 10 of hospitalization, her abdominal symptoms improved; however, fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytes, and liver and renal dysfunction developed. Based on the clinical course and laboratory findings, we diagnosed the patient with DRESS/DIHS due to VCM. Since her serum VCM concentration was high at 39.8 μg/mL, hemodialysis (HD) was performed to remove VCM, which caused her symptoms to improve. However, serum levels of VCM rebounded and the same symptoms recurred. Therefore, we re-performed HD; no further relapse occurred. This clinical course showed that increased serum VCM levels were associated with DRESS/DIHS onset and severity, suggesting that it is a blood level-dependent disease and that removal of VCM by HD is a potential therapeutic option.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-10
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2660492-9
ISSN	2192-4449 ; 2192-4449
ISSN (online)	2192-4449
ISSN	2192-4449
DOI	10.1007/s13730-023-00847-x
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Article ; Online: Low birth weight trends: possible impacts on the prevalences of hypertension and chronic kidney disease.

Kanda, Takeshi / Murai-Takeda, Ayano / Kawabe, Hiroshi / Itoh, Hiroshi

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension

2020 Volume 43, Issue 9, Page(s) 859–868

Abstract: Worldwide, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly prevalent disorders and are strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHAD) concept suggests ... ...

Abstract	Worldwide, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly prevalent disorders and are strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHAD) concept suggests that undesirable perinatal environmental conditions, such as malnutrition, contribute to disease development in adults. Among the known hypertension and CKD risk factors, DOHAD plays a potential role in determining susceptibility to the onset of these diseases in later adulthood. Since low birth weight (LBW) is a surrogate marker for adverse fetal environmental conditions, the high incidence of LBW in developing countries and its increasing incidence in most developed countries (attributed to multiple pregnancies and prepregnancy maternal factors, such as undernutrition, advanced maternal age, and smoking) is concerning. Thus, LBW is an important public health problem not only because of the associated infant mortality and morbidity but also because it is a risk factor for adult-onset hypertension/CKD. During their reproductive years, pregnant women who were born with LBWs have an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which contribute to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and ESRD. The offspring of LBW females are also likely to be LBW, which suggests that susceptibility to hypertension/CKD may reflect transgenerational inheritance. Therefore, there is global concern about the increasing prevalence of LBW-related diseases. This review summarizes the relevance of hypertension and CKD in conjunction with DOHAD and discusses recent studies that have examined the impact of the upward LBW trend on renal function and blood pressure.
MeSH term(s)	Birth Weight ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/etiology ; Incidence ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology ; Sex Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1175297-x
ISSN	1348-4214 ; 0916-9636
ISSN (online)	1348-4214
ISSN	0916-9636
DOI	10.1038/s41440-020-0451-z
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