LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 194

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Anomalous Magnetorheological Response for Carrageenan Magnetic Hydrogels Prepared by Natural Cooling.

    Kaneko, Masahiro / Kawai, Mika / Mitsumata, Tetsu

    Gels (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 9

    Abstract: The effect of the cooling rate on magnetorheological response was investigated for magnetic hydrogels consisting of carrageenan and carbonyl iron particles with a concentration of 50 wt.%. For magnetic gels prepared via natural cooling, the storage ... ...

    Abstract The effect of the cooling rate on magnetorheological response was investigated for magnetic hydrogels consisting of carrageenan and carbonyl iron particles with a concentration of 50 wt.%. For magnetic gels prepared via natural cooling, the storage moduli at 0 and 50 mT were 3.7 × 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2813982-3
    ISSN 2310-2861 ; 2310-2861
    ISSN (online) 2310-2861
    ISSN 2310-2861
    DOI 10.3390/gels9090691
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  2. Book ; Online: Reducing Sequence Length by Predicting Edit Operations with Large Language Models

    Kaneko, Masahiro / Okazaki, Naoaki

    2023  

    Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various tasks and gained significant attention. LLMs are also used for local sequence transduction tasks, including grammatical error correction (GEC) and formality style transfer, ... ...

    Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various tasks and gained significant attention. LLMs are also used for local sequence transduction tasks, including grammatical error correction (GEC) and formality style transfer, where most tokens in a source text are kept unchanged. However, it is inefficient to generate all target tokens because a prediction error of a target token may cause a catastrophe in predicting subsequent tokens and because the computational cost grows quadratically with the target sequence length. This paper proposes to predict a set of edit operations for the source text for local sequence transduction tasks. Representing an edit operation with a span of the source text and changed tokens, we can reduce the length of the target sequence and thus the computational cost for inference. We apply instruction tuning for LLMs on the supervision data of edit operations. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves comparable performance to the baseline in four tasks, paraphrasing, formality style transfer, GEC, and text simplification, despite reducing the length of the target text by as small as 21\%. Furthermore, we report that the instruction tuning with the proposed method achieved the state-of-the-art performance in the four tasks.

    Comment: Work in progress
    Keywords Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-05-19
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  3. Book ; Online: The Gaps between Pre-train and Downstream Settings in Bias Evaluation and Debiasing

    Kaneko, Masahiro / Bollegala, Danushka / Baldwin, Timothy

    2024  

    Abstract: The output tendencies of Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) vary markedly before and after Fine-Tuning (FT) due to the updates to the model parameters. These divergences in output tendencies result in a gap in the social biases of PLMs. For example, there ...

    Abstract The output tendencies of Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) vary markedly before and after Fine-Tuning (FT) due to the updates to the model parameters. These divergences in output tendencies result in a gap in the social biases of PLMs. For example, there exits a low correlation between intrinsic bias scores of a PLM and its extrinsic bias scores under FT-based debiasing methods. Additionally, applying FT-based debiasing methods to a PLM leads to a decline in performance in downstream tasks. On the other hand, PLMs trained on large datasets can learn without parameter updates via In-Context Learning (ICL) using prompts. ICL induces smaller changes to PLMs compared to FT-based debiasing methods. Therefore, we hypothesize that the gap observed in pre-trained and FT models does not hold true for debiasing methods that use ICL. In this study, we demonstrate that ICL-based debiasing methods show a higher correlation between intrinsic and extrinsic bias scores compared to FT-based methods. Moreover, the performance degradation due to debiasing is also lower in the ICL case compared to that in the FT case.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Subject code 310
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  4. Book ; Online: Evaluating Gender Bias in Large Language Models via Chain-of-Thought Prompting

    Kaneko, Masahiro / Bollegala, Danushka / Okazaki, Naoaki / Baldwin, Timothy

    2024  

    Abstract: There exist both scalable tasks, like reading comprehension and fact-checking, where model performance improves with model size, and unscalable tasks, like arithmetic reasoning and symbolic reasoning, where model performance does not necessarily improve ... ...

    Abstract There exist both scalable tasks, like reading comprehension and fact-checking, where model performance improves with model size, and unscalable tasks, like arithmetic reasoning and symbolic reasoning, where model performance does not necessarily improve with model size. Large language models (LLMs) equipped with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting are able to make accurate incremental predictions even on unscalable tasks. Unfortunately, despite their exceptional reasoning abilities, LLMs tend to internalize and reproduce discriminatory societal biases. Whether CoT can provide discriminatory or egalitarian rationalizations for the implicit information in unscalable tasks remains an open question. In this study, we examine the impact of LLMs' step-by-step predictions on gender bias in unscalable tasks. For this purpose, we construct a benchmark for an unscalable task where the LLM is given a list of words comprising feminine, masculine, and gendered occupational words, and is required to count the number of feminine and masculine words. In our CoT prompts, we require the LLM to explicitly indicate whether each word in the word list is a feminine or masculine before making the final predictions. With counting and handling the meaning of words, this benchmark has characteristics of both arithmetic reasoning and symbolic reasoning. Experimental results in English show that without step-by-step prediction, most LLMs make socially biased predictions, despite the task being as simple as counting words. Interestingly, CoT prompting reduces this unconscious social bias in LLMs and encourages fair predictions.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Subject code 410
    Publishing date 2024-01-28
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  5. Book ; Conference proceedings: Fitness for the aged, disabled, and industrial worker

    Kaneko, Masahiro

    [proceedings of the Symposium of the International Council for Physical Fitness Research, held on September 5-7, 1988, in Osaka, Japan]

    (International series on sport sciences ; 20)

    1990  

    Author's details ed. by Masahiro Kaneko
    Series title International series on sport sciences ; 20
    Collection
    Keywords Körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit ; Alter ; Körperbehinderung ; Arbeiter ; Betriebssport ; Behindertensport ; Alterssport
    Subject Physische Leistungsfähigkeit ; Arbeiterschaft ; Fabrikarbeiter ; Industriearbeiter ; Lohnarbeiter ; Älterer Mensch ; Alter ; Altensport ; Altersturnen ; Seniorensport ; Sport ; Versehrtensport ; Invalidensport ; Rehabilitationssport ; Reha-Sport ; Firmensport ; Werksport ; Körperliche Behinderung ; Alter Mensch ; Betagter ; Senioren ; Senior
    Language English
    Size XI, 290 : graph. Darst.
    Publisher Human Kinetics Books
    Publishing place Champaign, Ill
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    HBZ-ID HT003799065
    ISBN 0-87322-262-8 ; 978-0-87322-262-4
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2009 A 8529 order for loan Magazin

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  6. Article ; Online: Synthesis of the MN Ring of Caribbean Ciguatoxin C-CTX-1 via Desymmetrization by Acetal Formation.

    Kaneko, Masahiro / Yamashita, Atsuhiro / Yasuno, Yoko / Yamauchi, Kosei / Sakai, Ken / Oishi, Tohru

    Organic letters

    2024  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 855–859

    Abstract: The MN ring of Caribbean ciguatoxin C-CTX-1 was synthesized from ... ...

    Abstract The MN ring of Caribbean ciguatoxin C-CTX-1 was synthesized from a
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1523-7052
    ISSN (online) 1523-7052
    DOI 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  7. Article ; Online: Effect of Water Absorption on Electric Properties of Temperature-Resistant Polymers.

    Watanabe, Kaito / Kaneko, Masahiro / Zhong, Xianzhu / Takada, Kenji / Kaneko, Tatsuo / Kawai, Mika / Mitsumata, Tetsu

    Polymers

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 4

    Abstract: The effects of water absorption on the electric resistivity and dielectric constant of polyimide (PI) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were investigated, and the mechanism of deterioration in electrical insulation properties was discussed. The ... ...

    Abstract The effects of water absorption on the electric resistivity and dielectric constant of polyimide (PI) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were investigated, and the mechanism of deterioration in electrical insulation properties was discussed. The polyimides are poly(oxydianiline pyromellitimide) (PMDA-ODA) and poly(para-phenylene diamine biphenyltetracarboxydiimide) (BPDA-PDA). These polymer films were immersed in pure water for various immersion times at room temperature, and the water absorption ratio was evaluated. The electric resistance for these films was measured at room temperature using a high-resistance meter, and the dielectric constant at room temperature was measured using an LCR meter in a frequency range of 200 kHz to 2 MHz. The absorption ratios at equilibrium absorption for PMDA-ODA, BPDA-PDA, and PET were 2.7, 2.5, and 0.5%, respectively. The critical volume fraction of the percolation threshold of electric conductivity due to water absorption was 0.034 for both PMDA-ODA and BPDA-PDA. On the other hand, PET did not show a significant decrease in the resistivity. For both PIs and PET, the dielectric constant observed could be explained by a series model of the respective capacitances of pure water and polymer. Actually, the resistivity of samples cut from the edges of the film after water absorption was almost the same value as that in the dry state. These results suggest that the absorbed water molecules are not uniformly dispersed in the film but are localized at the edges of the film even after the absorption equilibrium has been reached.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527146-5
    ISSN 2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
    ISSN (online) 2073-4360
    ISSN 2073-4360
    DOI 10.3390/polym16040521
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  8. Article ; Online: Effective magnetic hyperthermia induced by mitochondria-targeted nanoparticles modified with triphenylphosphonium-containing phospholipid polymers.

    Kaneko, Masahiro / Yamazaki, Hiroto / Ono, Takahiro / Horie, Masanobu / Ito, Akira

    Cancer science

    2023  Volume 114, Issue 9, Page(s) 3750–3758

    Abstract: Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is a promising cancer treatment because tumor tissue can be specifically damaged by utilizing the heat generated by nano-heaters such as magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) under an alternating magnetic field. MNPs are taken up by ... ...

    Abstract Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is a promising cancer treatment because tumor tissue can be specifically damaged by utilizing the heat generated by nano-heaters such as magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) under an alternating magnetic field. MNPs are taken up by cancer cells, enabling intracellular MHT. Subcellular localization of MNPs can affect the efficiency of intracellular MHT. In this study, we attempted to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MHT by using mitochondria-targeting MNPs. Mitochondria-targeting MNPs were prepared by the modification of carboxyl phospholipid polymers containing triphenylphosphonium (TPP) moieties that accumulate in mitochondria. The mitochondrial localization of polymer-modified MNPs was supported by transmission electron microscopy observations of murine colon cancer CT26 cells treated with polymer-modified MNPs. In vitro and in vivo MHT using polymer-modified MNPs revealed that the therapeutic effects were enhanced by introducing TPP. Our results indicate the validity of mitochondria targeting in enhancing the therapeutic outcome of MHT. These findings will pave the way for developing a new strategy for the surface design of MNPs and therapeutic strategies for MHT.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Hyperthermia, Induced/methods ; Nanoparticles ; Magnetic Fields ; Mitochondria
    Chemical Substances triphenylphosphonium
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2115647-5
    ISSN 1349-7006 ; 1349-7006
    ISSN (online) 1349-7006
    ISSN 1349-7006
    DOI 10.1111/cas.15895
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  9. Article ; Online: Magnetic Response Detects the Strength of Carrageenan Network.

    Kaneko, Masahiro / Kawai, Mika / Mitsumata, Tetsu

    Gels (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 9

    Abstract: The effect of carrageenan concentration on the magneto-rheological effect of magnetic gels with a magnetic particle concentration of 50 wt.% was investigated under a magnetic field of 50 mT by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The change in the storage ... ...

    Abstract The effect of carrageenan concentration on the magneto-rheological effect of magnetic gels with a magnetic particle concentration of 50 wt.% was investigated under a magnetic field of 50 mT by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The change in the storage modulus for magnetic gels due to the magnetic field was 3.0 × 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2813982-3
    ISSN 2310-2861 ; 2310-2861
    ISSN (online) 2310-2861
    ISSN 2310-2861
    DOI 10.3390/gels8090584
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  10. Article ; Online: Induction of immunogenic cell death in murine colon cancer cells by ferrocene-containing redox phospholipid polymers.

    Kaneko, Masahiro / Yamaguchi, Akio / Ito, Akira

    Cancer science

    2022  Volume 113, Issue 10, Page(s) 3558–3565

    Abstract: Immunogenic cell death (ICD), activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is an apoptotic cell death process that elicits antitumor immunity. Although anticancer drugs that can induce ICD are promising for cancer treatment, the design ... ...

    Abstract Immunogenic cell death (ICD), activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is an apoptotic cell death process that elicits antitumor immunity. Although anticancer drugs that can induce ICD are promising for cancer treatment, the design strategy for ICD inducers remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the cell-penetrating redox phospholipid polymer poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-vinyl ferrocene) (pMFc) inducing ICD in murine colon cancer CT26 cells. pMFc produced oxidative stress by extracting electrons from CT26 cells and induced the release of DAMPs, such as calreticulin, adenosine triphosphate, and high-mobility group box 1. Moreover, the injection of pMFc-treated CT26 cells inhibited tumor formation in subsequently challenged CT26 cells, indicating that pMFc elicited antitumor immunity through ICD. Using in vivo therapy, intratumoral injections of pMFc induced complete tumor regression in 20% (1/5) of mice. These results suggested that the redox phospholipid polymer provides a new option for ICD-inducing anticancer polymers.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Calreticulin/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Ferrous Compounds ; Immunogenic Cell Death ; Metallocenes/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phospholipids/therapeutic use ; Polymers
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Calreticulin ; Ferrous Compounds ; Metallocenes ; Phospholipids ; Polymers ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; ferrocene (U96PKG90JQ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2115647-5
    ISSN 1349-7006 ; 1349-7006
    ISSN (online) 1349-7006
    ISSN 1349-7006
    DOI 10.1111/cas.15525
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

To top