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Article ; Online: Erratum of the "A booster administration of the OKA/SK strain causes fatal disseminated VZV infection in an immunocompetent child".

Kang, Hyun Mi / Kang, Kyu Ri / Kim, Ye Ji / Kang, Jin Han / Lee, Soo-Young

2024 Volume 96, Issue 1, Page(s) e29410

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.29410
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Zs.A 1320: Show issues

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Article: Comparative Evaluation of Recombinant and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in a Murine Model.

Kang, Kyu-Ri / Kim, Ji-Ahn / Cho, Gyu-Won / Kang, Han-Ul / Kang, Hyun-Mi / Kang, Jin-Han / Seong, Baik-Lin / Lee, Soo-Young

Vaccines

2024 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: Since the 2000s, sporadic outbreaks of whooping cough have been reported in advanced countries, where the acellular pertussis vaccination rate is relatively high, and in developing countries. Small-scale whooping cough has also continued in many ... ...

Abstract	Since the 2000s, sporadic outbreaks of whooping cough have been reported in advanced countries, where the acellular pertussis vaccination rate is relatively high, and in developing countries. Small-scale whooping cough has also continued in many countries, due in part to the waning of immune protection after childhood vaccination, necessitating the development of an improved pertussis vaccine and vaccination program. Currently, two different production platforms are being actively pursued in Korea; one is based on the aP (acellular pertussis) vaccine purified from
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines12010108
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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus as measured by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen assay and glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay more than 10 years after initiation of a universal vaccination program: An observational study.

Ji, Hye Seon / Kang, Kyu Ri / Kang, Hyun Mi / Choi, Ui Yoon / Lee, Soo Young / Kang, Jin Han

Medicine

2024 Volume 103, Issue 3, Page(s) e36931

Abstract: Universal varicella vaccination (UVV), as a single dose to children aged 12 to 15 months, was introduced in Korea in 2005. A seroprevalence study is required to upgrade this UVV strategy. The fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay is the ... ...

Abstract	Universal varicella vaccination (UVV), as a single dose to children aged 12 to 15 months, was introduced in Korea in 2005. A seroprevalence study is required to upgrade this UVV strategy. The fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay is the gold standard for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) immunity testing. However, no standard operating procedure (SOP) has been developed for the FAMA assay, in which either glutaraldehyde or acetone may be used for VZV-infected cell fixation. In this observational study, we aimed to investigate the age-specific seroprevalence in Korean children and adults. Additionally, with glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) as the reference, we evaluated the performance of the FAMA assay using acetone-fixed cells. Four hundred sera were analyzed using the FAMA assay (acetone-fixed cells) and gpELISA, comprising 50 subjects from each age category. In the FAMA assay, the seropositivity rate decreased from 82.0% in the 1 to 4-year-old group to 58.0% in the 5 to 9-year-old group (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.2-90.2 and 44.2-70.6, respectively; P = .009), while that in the gpELISA decreased from 80.0% to 52.0% (95% CI: 67.0-88.8 and 38.5-65.2, respectively; P = .003). In both methods, the seropositivity rates ranged from 95% to 100% in the population aged ≥ 20 years. We observed a significant correlation between the 2 methods, with a correlation coefficient of 0.795 (P < .001). In receiver operating characteristic analysis using the gpELISA results as a reference, the area under the curve for the FAMA assay was very high at 0.995 (95% CI: 0.990-1.000; P < .001). Compared to the gpELISA, the sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value of the FAMA assay were 99.4%, 79.3%, and 0.84 (nearly perfect), respectively. The seropositivity rate of the 5 to 9-year-old group indicated waning immunity over time and supported implementation of a second dose in the UVV program. The results of the FAMA assay were comparable to those of the gpELISA. Although further study is needed to standardize procedures, our results suggest that the FAMA assay using acetone-fixed cells can be used widely and can be included in a universal FAMA assay SOP.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Acetone ; Antibodies, Viral ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Glycoproteins ; Vaccination ; Chickenpox/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Acetone (1364PS73AF) ; Antibodies, Viral ; Glycoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000036931
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Article ; Online: A booster administration of the OKA/SK strain causes fatal disseminated varicella in an immunocompetent child.

Kang, Hyun Mi / Kang, Kyu Ri / Kim, Ye Ji / Kang, Jin Han / Lee, Soo-Young

Journal of medical virology

2023 Volume 95, Issue 9, Page(s) e29108

Abstract: Live varicella vaccines are known to provide robust immunity against varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections. However, problems with viral attenuation have led to pathogenic VZV vaccine strains causing varicella-like rash and herpes zoster in ... ...

Abstract	Live varicella vaccines are known to provide robust immunity against varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections. However, problems with viral attenuation have led to pathogenic VZV vaccine strains causing varicella-like rash and herpes zoster in immunocompetent children after immunization. We report the first fatal case of VZV infection caused by OKA/SK strain contained in the vaccine administrated as a booster shot in an immunocompetent child, which has been independently developed from any currently available varicella vaccines that are OKA strain or MAV/06 strain based. The patient died due to sudden pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage as a secondary complication of VZV pneumonitis. Sequencing of the four SNPs unique to the OKA/SK strain (SNP loci 14 035T; 32 626C; 58 777G; 70 319G) enabled discrimination of the strain responsible for the disseminated infection. OKA/SK strain does not have any SNPs in ORF62 postulated to be responsible for the attenuation of varicella vaccines which have been safely and effectively used world-wide or locally, and exclusively enriches a virulent factor in ORF31 identified in parental OKA strain, thus possibly resulting in disseminated VZV infection leading to mortality. Therefore, actions need to be taken to prevent vaccine related morbidity and mortality in children.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Chickenpox/complications ; Herpes Zoster ; Chickenpox Vaccine/adverse effects ; Herpes Zoster Vaccine ; Viral Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Antigens, Viral
Chemical Substances	Chickenpox Vaccine ; Herpes Zoster Vaccine ; Viral Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Antigens, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.29108
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Zs.A 1320: Show issues

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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Immunogenicity of a new enhanced tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine against Bordetella pertussis in a murine model.

Kang, Kyu Ri / Huh, Dong Ho / Kim, Ji Ahn / Kang, Jin Han

BMC immunology

2021 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 68

Abstract: Background: The necessity of the tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adolescence and adults has been emphasized since the resurgence of small-scale pertussis in Korea and worldwide due to the waning effect of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: The necessity of the tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adolescence and adults has been emphasized since the resurgence of small-scale pertussis in Korea and worldwide due to the waning effect of the vaccine and variant pathogenic stains in the late 1990s. GreenCross Pharma (GC Pharma), a Korean company, developed the Tdap vaccine GC3111 in 2010. Recently, they enhanced the vaccine, GC3111, produced previously in 2010 to reinforce the antibody response against filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). In this study, immunogenicity and efficacy of the enhanced Tdap vaccine compared and evaluated with two Tdap vaccines, GC3111 vaccine produced in 2010 previously and commercially available Tdap vaccine in a murine model. Methods: Two tests groups and positive control group of Balb/c mice were primed with two doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine followed by a single booster Tdap vaccine at 9 week using the commercially available Tdap vaccine or 2 Tdap vaccines from GC Pharma (GC3111, enhanced GC3111). Humoral response was assessed 1 week before and 2 and 4 weeks after Tdap booster vaccination. The enhanced GC3111 generated similar humoral response compare to the commercial vaccine for filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). The interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (Th1), interleukin 5 (IL-5) (Th2) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) (Th17) cytokines were assessed 4 weeks after booster vaccination by stimulation with three simulators: heat inactivated Bordetella pertussis (hBp), vaccine antigens, and hBp mixed with antigens (hBp + antigen). A bacterial challenge test was performed 4 weeks after booster vaccination. Results: Regarding cell-mediated immunity, cytokine secretion differed among the three simulators. However, no difference was found between two test groups and positive control group. All the vaccinated groups indicated a Th1 or Th1/Th2 response. On Day 5 post-bacterial challenge, B. pertussis colonies were absent in the lungs in two test groups and positive control group. Conclusions: Our results confirmed the immunogenicity of GC Pharma's Tdap vaccine; enhanced GC3111 was equivalent to the presently used commercial vaccine in terms of humoral response as well as cell-mediated cytokine expression.
MeSH term(s)	Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Bordetella pertussis/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunization, Secondary ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Korea ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/immunology ; Whooping Cough/immunology
Chemical Substances	Adhesins, Bacterial ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella ; filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin, Bordetella pertussis ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041500-X
ISSN	1471-2172 ; 1471-2172
ISSN (online)	1471-2172
ISSN	1471-2172
DOI	10.1186/s12865-021-00457-1
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Article ; Online: Shorter duration of protection and lower geometric mean titers against A/H3N2 antigen of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Kang, Kyu Ri / Kim, Ye Ji / Ahn, Moon Bae / Kang, Hyun Mi / Kim, Seong Koo / Lee, Jae Wook / Chung, Nack-Gyun / Cho, Bin / Jeong, Dae Chul / Kang, Jin Han

Bone marrow transplantation

2022 Volume 57, Issue 10, Page(s) 1620–1622

MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; Child ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; Influenza Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632854-4
ISSN	1476-5365 ; 0268-3369 ; 0951-3078
ISSN (online)	1476-5365
ISSN	0268-3369 ; 0951-3078
DOI	10.1038/s41409-022-01768-6
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Zs.A 2168: Show issues

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Article: Development and implementation of standardized method for detecting immunogenicity of acellular pertussis vaccines in Korea.

Park, Chulmin / Huh, Dong Ho / Han, Seung Beom / Choi, Gi Sub / Kang, Kyu Ri / Kim, Ji Ahn / Kang, Jin Han

Clinical and experimental vaccine research

2019 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–42

Abstract: Purpose: There is no standard method for confirming the immunogenicity of acellular pertussis vaccines. We tried to develop a local standard method for evaluating the immunogenicity of the three-component of acellular pertussis vaccines which was ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: There is no standard method for confirming the immunogenicity of acellular pertussis vaccines. We tried to develop a local standard method for evaluating the immunogenicity of the three-component of acellular pertussis vaccines which was developed by a Korean local company. Materials and methods: The developed pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin) were evaluated by in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 189 negative sera, 25 positive sera, and 73 paired sera (pre- and post-Tdap [tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis] vaccinated sera). ELISA units were calculated by the reference line method, compared with World Health Organization reference sera, and the cut-off value was calculated using negative sera. Results: When compared to National Institute for Biological Standards and Control control antigen (NIBSC) control antigens, the developed pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) antigens were 203.48 and 61.60 IU/µg, respectively. Each in-house ELISA was established by validating the coefficients of variation % (PT, 11.53%; FHA, 8.60%; pertactin [PRN], 9.86%) obtained from the results of inter- and intra-assay variation. Also, the cut-off values of PT, FHA, and PRN were 11.65, 38.95, and 5.66 EU/mL, respectively. The distributions of antibody levels in paired showed that 93.15% (68/73) in anti-PT IgG, 97.26% (72/73) in anti-FHA IgG, and 100% in anti-PRN IgG were higher than a 100% increase after vaccination. Additionally, the values of 89.04% (65/73) in anti-PT IgG, 97.26% (72/73) in anti-FHA IgG, and 100% in anti-PRN IgG were below each cut-off point. Conclusion: We established an in-house ELISA method using self-developed antigens, and these immunoassays have provided a way to standardize measuring the immunogenicity of newly developed vaccines, through single- and dual-serology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-31
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2684652-4
ISSN	2287-366X ; 2287-3651
ISSN (online)	2287-366X
ISSN	2287-3651
DOI	10.7774/cevr.2019.8.1.35
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Article ; Online: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a newly developed tri-component diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine in a murine model.

Huh, Dong Ho / Han, Seung Beom / Shin, Hye Jo / Ahn, Dong Ho / Choi, Gi Sub / Kang, Kyu Ri / Kim, Bo Ram / Kang, Jin Han

Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi

2017 Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 732–739

Abstract: Background/purpose: Although assessing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines via murine model studies faces limitations, preliminary assessments have been achieved by evaluating respiratory challenge and humoral ...

Abstract	Background/purpose: Although assessing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines via murine model studies faces limitations, preliminary assessments have been achieved by evaluating respiratory challenge and humoral and cellular immunity. Methods: We performed a long-term intranasal respiratory challenge with reference and clinically isolated strains of Bordetella pertussis. Simultaneously, we assessed humoral and cellular immunity for evaluating the immunogenicity of a newly developed tri-component diphtheria-tetanus-aP (DTaP) vaccine. Moreover, comparative assessment was made by performing the same evaluations with a commercially available tri-component DTaP vaccine as the positive control. Results: Both groups showed significantly increased levels of antibodies against pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin, and the levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-10 were significantly increased after two doses of vaccination. Furthermore, since cross cell-mediated immune reactivity between the two vaccines was detected, the possibility of interchangeability was indirectly suggested. Although the positive control group showed significantly higher titers in antibody responses for filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin compared to the experimental group, anti-pertussis toxin antibody titers of the two groups were not significantly different and the protective efficacy against the clinical and reference strains was maintained in both groups for 18 weeks. Conclusion: The results showed inferior immunogenicity of the new DTaP vaccine compared to a commercial vaccine despite comparable cellular immunity and protective efficacy. Some efforts are necessary for improving immunogenicity against filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin before conducting human clinical trials.
MeSH term(s)	Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology ; Bordetella pertussis/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Immunization Schedule ; Interferon-gamma/analysis ; Interleukin-10/analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pertussis Toxin/immunology ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/immunology ; Whooping Cough/immunology ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Adhesins, Bacterial ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; IFNG protein, mouse ; IL10 protein, mouse ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella ; filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin, Bordetella pertussis ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; pertactin (63GD90PP8X) ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6) ; Pertussis Toxin (EC 2.4.2.31)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1497590-7
ISSN	1995-9133 ; 1684-1182 ; 0253-2662
ISSN (online)	1995-9133
ISSN	1684-1182 ; 0253-2662
DOI	10.1016/j.jmii.2017.04.003
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Zs.B 2083: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Assessment of safety and efficacy against Bordetella pertussis of a new tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine in a murine model.

Kwon, Hyo Jin / Han, Seung Beom / Kim, Bo Ram / Kang, Kyu Ri / Huh, Dong Ho / Choi, Gi Sub / Ahn, Dong Ho / Kang, Jin Han

BMC infectious diseases

2017 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 247

Abstract: Background: Tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination during adolescence was introduced in response to the resurgence of pertussis in various countries. A new Tdap vaccine was manufactured in Korea as a countermeasure ... ...

Abstract	Background: Tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination during adolescence was introduced in response to the resurgence of pertussis in various countries. A new Tdap vaccine was manufactured in Korea as a countermeasure against a predicted Tdap vaccine shortage. This study was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and protection efficacy against Bordetella pertussis of the new Tdap vaccine in a murine model. Methods: Four-week-old BABL/c mice were used for assessment of immunogenicity and protection efficacy. A single dose of primary diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine was administered, followed by a single dose of Tdap booster vaccine after a 12-week interval. Anti-pertussis toxin (PT), anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and anti-pertactin (PRN) IgG titers were measured before primary vaccination, and before and after booster vaccination. An intranasal challenge test was performed after booster vaccination to determine protection efficacy. To assess safety, mouse weight gain test and leukocytosis promotion test were performed using 4-week-old ddY female mice. Results: Anti-PT and anti-FHA IgG titers after booster vaccination were significantly higher than those before booster vaccination with either the new vaccine or a commercially available Tdap vaccine (P = 0.01 for all occasions). After booster vaccination, no significant difference was observed between the two vaccines in antibody titers against pertussis antigens (P = 0.53 for anti-PT IgG, P = 0.91 for anti-FHA IgG, P = 0.39 for anti-PRN IgG). In the intranasal challenge test, inoculated B. pertussis was eradicated 7 days after infection. On days 4 and 7 after infection, colony counts of B. pertussis were not significantly different between the new and positive control vaccine groups (P = 1.00). Mean body weight changes and leukocyte counts of the new vaccine, positive control, and negative control groups were not significantly different 7 days after vaccination (P = 0.87 and P = 0.37, respectively). All leukocyte counts in the new vaccine group were within a mean ± 3 standard deviations range. Conclusions: A murine model involving a single dose primary DTaP vaccination followed by a single dose Tdap booster vaccination can be used for non-clinical studies of Tdap vaccines. The new Tdap vaccine manufactured in Korea exhibited comparable immunogenicity, protection efficacy, and safety with a commercially available Tdap vaccine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology ; Bordetella pertussis/immunology ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/adverse effects ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/immunology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Female ; Hemagglutinins ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pertussis Toxin ; Republic of Korea ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/immunology ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Hemagglutinins ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella ; anti-IgG ; pertactin (63GD90PP8X) ; Pertussis Toxin (EC 2.4.2.31)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-017-2369-x
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Article: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting anti-pertussis toxin antibody in mouse.

Choi, Gi Sub / Huh, Dong Ho / Han, Seung Beom / Ahn, Dong Ho / Kang, Kyu Ri / Kim, Ji Ahn / Choi, Bo Mi / Kim, Hea Ryun / Kang, Jin Han

Clinical and experimental vaccine research

2019 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 64–69

Abstract: Purpose: Although the DTaP and Tdap vaccines used to prevent pertussis have been used for a long time, there is no standard method for measuring pertussis antigens. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted to develop an enzyme-linked ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Although the DTaP and Tdap vaccines used to prevent pertussis have been used for a long time, there is no standard method for measuring pertussis antigens. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using an animal model for measuring antibodies against pertussis toxin, the most important pertussis pathogenic antigen, in the sera of vaccinated mice. Materials and methods: Bordetella pertussis Results: Optimal conditions were as follows: 4 µg/mL for coating antigen; 1/40,000 for secondary antibody; and 1/1,000 for the SA-HRP dilution factor. Comparison of the sera obtained from mice treated with a developing vaccine and commercial vaccine with National Institute for Biological Standard and Control standard serum under the established conditions showed the following results: 1,300.62, 534.94, and 34.85, respectively. Conclusion: The method developed in this study is suitable for measuring anti-pertussis toxin antibodies and may be applicable for clinical sample analysis or indirect diagnosis of pertussis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-31
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2684652-4
ISSN	2287-366X ; 2287-3651
ISSN (online)	2287-366X
ISSN	2287-3651
DOI	10.7774/cevr.2019.8.1.64
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