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Article: Nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain control in a tertiary hospital in South Korea.

Kang, Mi-Ra / Kwon, Youn-Ju

2022 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 319

Abstract: Background: This study investigated the knowledge and attitude of surgical ward nurses toward patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to develop educational material for nurses on the use of PCA.: Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study comprising ...

Abstract	Background: This study investigated the knowledge and attitude of surgical ward nurses toward patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to develop educational material for nurses on the use of PCA. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study comprising 120 nurses from eight surgical wards in a tertiary hospital in South Korea. A questionnaire addressing 6 domains of knowledge of and attitudes towards PCA was conducted over 1 week and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Knowledge was measured on a categorical scale of 0 and 1 (20 points), and attitude was measured on a Likert scale of 1 to 4 points (60 points). Results: The total score quantifying the knowledge of and attitudes toward PCA of surgical ward nurses was 59.5 ± 5.5 out of 80.0 points. The average age of the subjects was 28.58 ± 5.68 years old, and nurses above the age of 28 had significantly greater knowledge and better attitudes (61.7 ± 5.5) than those below the age of 28 (57.9 ± 4.9) (p < .001). Nurses working on the upper abdominal surgical ward had significantly greater knowledge (16.2 ± 1.9) than nurses working on other wards (thorax: 14.0 ± 2.3, lower abdominal: 15.4 ± 1.9, and musculoskeletal: 14.5 ± 2.2) (p = .001). Nurses who received education about PCA had significantly better attitudes (45.3 ± 4.6) than those who did not (41.3 ± 3.5) (p < .001). The average correct answer rate for knowledge of opioid analgesics was lower (68.2%) than that for knowledge of the basic configuration of PCA equipment (73.3%) and areas to be identified and managed when using PCA (84.6%), and there was a significant correlation with attitudes toward side effect management (p < .05, r = .19). Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding opioid use in PCA. Older nurses with greater clinical experience on the surgical wards who had received PCA education had a better attitude toward PCA. Therefore, newly trained nurses on surgical wards with no experience of PCA education should undergo an intensive education program on opioid analgesics used in PCA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091496-9
ISSN	1472-6955
ISSN	1472-6955
DOI	10.1186/s12912-022-01106-7
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Article ; Online: Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: A 7-year retrospective cohort study of 3,380 adults using serial echocardiography.

Kim, Gyuri / Yu, Tae Yang / Jee, Jae Hwan / Bae, Ji Cheol / Kang, Mira / Kim, Jae Hyeon

Diabetes & metabolism

2024 Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 101534

Abstract: Aim: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) has been observed in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in cross-sectional studies but the causal relationship is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of NAFLD and the ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) has been observed in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in cross-sectional studies but the causal relationship is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of NAFLD and the fibrotic progression of the disease on the development of LVDD, assessed by serial echocardiography, in a large population over a 7-year longitudinal setting. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included the data of 3,380 subjects from a medical health check-up program. We defined subjects having NAFLD by abdominal ultrasonography and assessed significant liver fibrosis by the aspartate transaminase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. LVDD was defined using serial echocardiography. A parametric Cox proportional hazards model was used. Results: During 11,327 person-years of follow-up, there were 560 (16.0 %) incident cases of LVDD. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, subjects with NAFLD showed an increased adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.21 (95 % confidence interval [CI]=1.02-1.43) for incident LVDD compared to those without. The risk of LV diastolic dysfunction increased progressively with increasing degree of hepatic steatosis (P< 0.001). Compared to subjects without NAFLD, the multivariable-aHR (95 % CI) for LVDD in subjects with APRI < 0.5 and APRI ≥ 0.5 were 1.20 (1.01-1.42) and 1.36 (0.90-2.06), respectively (P= 0.036), while other fibrosis prediction models (NFS and FIB-4 index) showed insignificant results. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of LVDD in a large cohort. More severe forms of hepatic steatosis and/or significant liver fibrosis may increase the risk of developing LVDD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1315751-6
ISSN	1878-1780 ; 1262-3636 ; 0338-1684
ISSN (online)	1878-1780
ISSN	1262-3636 ; 0338-1684
DOI	10.1016/j.diabet.2024.101534
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Article: A Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome Could Be Re-termed as a Nutcracker Celiac Ganglion Abdominal Pain Syndrome.

Kim, Ji Eun / Kang, Mira / Jeong, Ok Soon / Rhee, Poong-Lyul

Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility

2023 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 200–207

Abstract: Background/aims: Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is known as chronic recurrent abdominal pain related to compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament. We aim to seek the specific mechanism of the pain by evaluating symptoms ... ...

Abstract	Background/aims: Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is known as chronic recurrent abdominal pain related to compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament. We aim to seek the specific mechanism of the pain by evaluating symptoms and radiological characteristics on abdominal CT scans. Methods: We analyzed 35 patients who visited the emergency room for recurrent abdominal pain after cholecystectomy. We classified the characteristics of patients as 4 clinical components and 2 radiological components. We defined the sum of weighted clinical scores and weighted radiological scores as nutcracker ganglion abdominal pain syndrome (NCGAPS) scores. We categorized the patients into 3 groups classified by the degree of NCGAPS scores. The 3 patients with top-3 NCGAPS scores were recommended for CT angiography. Results: When the suspicion was graded by NCGAPS scores, post stenotic dilatation was significantly different among all groups ( Conclusions: We suggest renaming MALS as NCGAPS, nutcracker celiac ganglion abdominal pain syndrome, to better explain the mechanism of the recurrent abdominal pain. Further studies on the diagnostic cutoff of clinical and radiological scores of NCGAPS are needed not to miss the diagnosis of NCGAPS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-31
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573719-3
ISSN	2093-0887 ; 2093-0879
ISSN (online)	2093-0887
ISSN	2093-0879
DOI	10.5056/jnm22158
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal changes in optic disc cupping from the baseline in chiasmal lesion optic neuropathy and glaucoma.

Lee, Eun Jung / Han, Jong Chul / Kang, Mira / Kong, Doo-Sik / Hong, Sang Duk / Park, Kyung-Ah / Kee, Changwon

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8889

Abstract: We aimed to investigate the changes in cupping in chiasmal lesion optic neuropathy (chON) compared to baseline optic disc and glaucoma. We used a novel study design to enroll patients who had fundus photographs incidentally taken during routine health ... ...

Abstract	We aimed to investigate the changes in cupping in chiasmal lesion optic neuropathy (chON) compared to baseline optic disc and glaucoma. We used a novel study design to enroll patients who had fundus photographs incidentally taken during routine health check-ups prior to the onset of optic neuropathy. In 31 eyes (21 patients) with chON and 33 eyes (30 patients) with glaucoma, we investigated the change in cup-to-disc (C/D) area from the baseline to overt cupping using flicker analysis. Compared to the baseline, 23 eyes (74.2%) had increased cup size and 3 (9.7%) had vascular configuration changes in the chONgroup; in contrast, all glaucoma eyes exhibited changes in cup size and vascular configuration. The increase in C/D area ratio was significantly smaller in chON (0.04 ± 0.04) compared to glaucoma (0.10 ± 0.04, P < 0.001); the minimum residual neuroretinal rim width showed a more pronounced difference (29.7 ± 8.2% vs 7.1 ± 3.9%, P < 0.001). The changes distributed predominantly towards the nasal direction in chON, contrasting the changes to the arcuate fibers in glaucoma. In conclusion, our results provide the first longitudinal evidence of true pathological cupping in chONcompared to photographically disease-free baseline. The marked difference in the residual minimum rim width reaffirms the importance of rim obliteration in the differential diagnosis between the two diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Optic Disk/pathology ; Glaucoma/pathology ; Optic Nerve Diseases/pathology ; Optic Chiasm/pathology ; Fundus Oculi ; Intraocular Pressure
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-59419-3
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Article ; Online: Development and validation of multivariable quantitative ultrasound for diagnosing hepatic steatosis.

Jeon, Sun Kyung / Lee, Jeong Min / Cho, Soo Jin / Byun, Young-Hye / Jee, Jae Hwan / Kang, Mira

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 15235

Abstract: This study developed and validated multivariable quantitative ultrasound (QUS) model for diagnosing hepatic steatosis. Retrospective secondary analysis of prospectively collected QUS data was performed. Participants underwent QUS examinations and ... ...

Abstract	This study developed and validated multivariable quantitative ultrasound (QUS) model for diagnosing hepatic steatosis. Retrospective secondary analysis of prospectively collected QUS data was performed. Participants underwent QUS examinations and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF; reference standard). A multivariable regression model for estimating hepatic fat fraction was determined using two QUS parameters from one tertiary hospital (development set). Correlation between QUS-derived estimated fat fraction(USFF) and MRI-PDFF and diagnostic performance of USFF for hepatic steatosis (MRI-PDFF ≥ 5%) were assessed, and validated in an independent data set from the other health screening center(validation set). Development set included 173 participants with suspected NAFLD with 126 (72.8%) having hepatic steatosis; and validation set included 452 health screening participants with 237 (52.4%) having hepatic steatosis. USFF was correlated with MRI-PDFF (Pearson r = 0.799 and 0.824; development and validation set). The model demonstrated high diagnostic performance, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.943 and 0.924 for development and validation set, respectively. Using cutoff of 6.0% from development set, USFF showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 87.8%, 78.6%, 81.9%, and 85.4% for diagnosing hepatic steatosis in validation set. In conclusion, multivariable QUS parameters-derived estimated fat fraction showed high diagnostic performance for detecting hepatic steatosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Health Facilities ; Physical Examination ; Protons
Chemical Substances	Protons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-42463-w
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Article ; Online: A comparison of the continuous supraclavicular brachial plexus block using the proximal longitudinal oblique approach and the interscalene brachial plexus block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: A randomised, controlled, double-blind trial.

Kim, Yeon Ju / Kim, Hyungtae / Kim, Sehee / Kang, Mi-Ra / Kim, Ha-Jung / Koh, Won Uk / Lee, Sooho / Ro, Young-Jin

European journal of anaesthesiology

2023 Volume 41, Issue 6, Page(s) 402–410

Abstract: Background: Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is widely used for arthroscopic shoulder surgery, but the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis (HDP) has been reported to reach 100%. Several methods, including injections distal to the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is widely used for arthroscopic shoulder surgery, but the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis (HDP) has been reported to reach 100%. Several methods, including injections distal to the C5-C6 nerve roots, have been attempted to reduce the HDP incidence. However, catheter placement distal to the C5-C6 nerve roots interferes with the surgical site. Objective: Our primary objective was to describe a new technique, the supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCB), using the proximal longitudinal oblique approach (PLO-SCB), which can facilitate catheter placement and, when compared with ISB, to test whether this would provide noninferior analgesia and spare the phrenic nerve. Design: Prospective, randomised, double-blind study. Setting: Operating rooms, postanaesthesia care unit, and wards. Patients: Seventy-six patients aged 20 to 80 years scheduled for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to the continuous PLO-SCB ( n = 40) or the continuous ISB ( n = 40) groups. All patients received an initial low-volume single-injection (5 ml 0.75% ropivacaine) followed by a patient-controlled infusion of 0.15% ropivacaine. Main outcome measures: The primary outcomes were the incidence of HDP and pain scores. Secondary outcomes were respiratory function, postoperative analgesic consumption, sensory and motor function, and complications. Results: The HDP incidence was significantly lower in the PLO-SCB group than in the ISB group at 30 min after block injection: 0% (0 of 38 patients) and 73.7% (28 of 38 patients), respectively ( P < 0.001). Similarly, at 24 h after surgery, the incidences were 23.7% (9 of 38 patients) and 47.4% (18 of 38 patients) in the PLO-SCB and ISB groups, respectively ( P = 0.002). Median [IQR] NRS pain scores at rest measured after surgery in the ISB and PLO-SCB groups were similar: immediately after surgery, 1 [0 to 2] vs. 1 [0 to 1], P = 0.06); at 30 min, 2 [0.25 to 2] vs. 1 [0 to 2], P = 0.065); and at 24 h 2 [0.25 to 3] vs. 1 [0 to 3], P = 0.47, respectively. Conclusion: For major shoulder surgery, compared with continuous ISB, continuous PLO-SCB was more sparing of diaphragmatic and respiratory function while providing noninferior analgesia. Catheter placement via the PLO approach is feasible without interfering with the surgical field. Trial registration: Registered by the Clinical Trial Registry of Korea (Seoul, Korea; KCT0004759, http: cris.nih.go.kr, principal investigator: Hyungtae Kim).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Double-Blind Method ; Arthroscopy/adverse effects ; Arthroscopy/methods ; Brachial Plexus Block/methods ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology ; Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis ; Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology ; Shoulder/surgery ; Aged, 80 and over ; Young Adult ; Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage ; Brachial Plexus/drug effects ; Shoulder Joint/surgery ; Pain Measurement/methods
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Local
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Comparative Study
ZDB-ID	605770-6
ISSN	1365-2346 ; 0265-0215
ISSN (online)	1365-2346
ISSN	0265-0215
DOI	10.1097/EJA.0000000000001934
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Article: Impact of preserved ratio impaired spirometry on coronary artery calcium score progression: a longitudinal cohort study.

Im, Yunjoo / Park, Hye Yun / Lee, Jin-Young / Kim, Hyunsoo / Yoo, Hongseok / Kang, Mira / Cho, Soo Jin / Hwang, Jung Hye / Park, Yong Bum / Cho, Juhee / Kang, Danbee / Shin, Sun Hye

ERJ open research

2024 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. However, a causal relationship between PRISm and CVD remains unclear. We investigated the progression of coronary ... ...

Abstract	Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. However, a causal relationship between PRISm and CVD remains unclear. We investigated the progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores based on the presence of PRISm and reduced forced vital capacity (FVC). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 11 420 participants aged ≥40 years with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV Results: Of the 11 420 participants, 8536 (75%), 811 (7%) and 2073 (18%) had normal spirometry, PRISm with normal FVC and PRISm with low FVC, respectively. During the mean (range) follow-up of 6.0 (0.5-17.2) years, the multivariable adjusted ratio of 5-year CAC progression rates comparing participants with PRISm to those with normal spirometry was 1.08 (95% CI 1.04-1.13). This rate was higher in participants with PRISm with low FVC (1.21 (95% CI 1.12-1.30)) than in those with normal FVC. Conclusion: In this longitudinal cohort study of subjects without a history of CVD, PRISm was significantly associated with CAC progression, which was more evident in the group with PRISm and low FVC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2827830-6
ISSN	2312-0541
ISSN	2312-0541
DOI	10.1183/23120541.00819-2023
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Article ; Online: Impact of medication adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy on the long-term outcome of drug-eluting or bare-metal stents.

Choi, Jung Min / Lee, Seung-Hwa / Kang, Mira / Choi, Jin-Ho

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) e0244062

Abstract: Background: In percutaneous coronary intervention, drug-eluting stent (DES) showed better clinical outcome compared to bare-metal stent (BMS) but mostly with different DAPT durations.: Hypothesis: The clinical superiority of DES over BMS may depend ... ...

Abstract	Background: In percutaneous coronary intervention, drug-eluting stent (DES) showed better clinical outcome compared to bare-metal stent (BMS) but mostly with different DAPT durations. Hypothesis: The clinical superiority of DES over BMS may depend on the medication adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Methods: We retrospectively enrolled all Koreans PCI patients in year 2011 (n = 47,291). Medication adherence to DAPT was assessed by proportion of days covered (PDC) per 6 months. Analysis adjusted with the clinical propensity for receiving DES or BMS and DAPT PDC of the first 6 month was performed. Primary outcome was the 5-year major adverse clinical event (MACE) risk consisting all-cause death, revascularization, shock, or stroke. Results: Patients with DES (n = 46,356) showed higher PDC (78% versus 60%, p<0.001) and lower MACE risk (39% versus 56%, p<0.001) compared to patients with BMS (n = 935). In the propensity-matched 1,868 patients, MACE risk was lower with DES than BMS (46% versus 54%, HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.70-0.91, p<0.001). In both DES and BMS, patients with good medication adherence (PDC ≥80%) showed much lower MACE risk compared to patients with PDC <80% (HR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.30-0.44; HR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.33-0.48, p<0.001, all). Patients with DES and PDC <80% showed higher MACE risk compared to BMS with and PDC ≥80% (HR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.03-1.64, p = 0.027). Conclusions: Good medication adherence to DAPT in the first 6 month was prerequisite for better clinical outcome in both DES and BMS. DES with poor adherence to DAPT showed worse outcome compared with BMS with good adherence.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Databases, Factual ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/mortality ; Survival Rate
Chemical Substances	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0244062
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Article: Effects of Background Colors, Flashes, and Exposure Values on the Accuracy of a Smartphone-Based Pill Recognition System Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network: Deep Learning and Experimental Approach.

Cha, KyeongMin / Woo, Hyun-Ki / Park, Dohyun / Chang, Dong Kyung / Kang, Mira

JMIR medical informatics

2021 Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e26000

Abstract: Background: Pill image recognition systems are difficult to develop due to differences in pill color, which are influenced by external factors such as the illumination from and the presence of a flash.: Objective: In this study, the differences in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pill image recognition systems are difficult to develop due to differences in pill color, which are influenced by external factors such as the illumination from and the presence of a flash. Objective: In this study, the differences in color between reference images and real-world images were measured to determine the accuracy of a pill recognition system under 12 real-world conditions (ie, different background colors, the presence and absence of a flash, and different exposure values [EVs]). Methods: We analyzed 19 medications with different features (ie, different colors, shapes, and dosages). The average color difference was calculated based on the color distance between a reference image and a real-world image. Results: For images with black backgrounds, as the EV decreased, the top-1 and top-5 accuracies increased independently of the presence of a flash. The top-5 accuracy for images with black backgrounds increased from 26.8% to 72.6% when the flash was on and increased from 29.5% to 76.8% when the flash was off as the EV decreased. However, the top-5 accuracy increased from 62.1% to 78.4% for images with white backgrounds when the flash was on. The best top-1 accuracy was 51.1% (white background; flash on; EV of +2.0). The best top-5 accuracy was 78.4% (white background; flash on; EV of 0). Conclusions: The accuracy generally increased as the color difference decreased, except for images with black backgrounds and an EV of -2.0. This study revealed that background colors, the presence of a flash, and EVs in real-world conditions are important factors that affect the performance of a pill recognition model.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2798261-0
ISSN	2291-9694
ISSN	2291-9694
DOI	10.2196/26000
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Article ; Online: Medication Adherence and Clinical Outcome of Fixed-Dose Combination vs. Free Combination of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Statin.

Choi, Jung Min / Lee, Seung-Hwa / Jang, Yu Jeong / Kang, Mira / Choi, Jin-Ho

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society

2021 Volume 85, Issue 5, Page(s) 595–603

Abstract: Background: Non-compliance with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) or statin is one of the major hurdles to optimal medical treatment. This study investigated whether fixed-dose combination (FDC) improved compliance to medication compared with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Non-compliance with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) or statin is one of the major hurdles to optimal medical treatment. This study investigated whether fixed-dose combination (FDC) improved compliance to medication compared with traditional free combination (FC).Methods and Results:In this retrospective nationwide cohort study, medication persistency, medication adherence measured by proportion of days covered (PDC), and all-cause death of 123,992 patients who started ARB and stain were investigated for 540 days. Patients had a mean age of 63 years and 48% were male. Persistency, PDC, and proportion of PDC ≥80% of FDC (N=34,776) were higher than those for FC (N=89,216) in both unadjusted analysis (54.5% vs. 27.8%; 84.1% vs. 63.1%; 75.5% vs. 48.1%) and propensity-score matched analysis (P<0.001, all). Death risk for the investigation period (0-540 days) was lower in FDC in unadjusted (1.8% vs. 2.6%, P<0.001) and adjusted cohort (P<0.05). In landmark analyses at days 180 and 360, there was no significant difference of death risk between FDC and FC (P>0.05). Conclusions: In this real-world data analysis, patients taking FDC of ARB and statin showed higher medication persistence and adherence compared to patients taking FC of ARB and statin up to 540 days. The risk of all-cause death was not different between FDC and FC despite better medication compliance in the FDC patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-31
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2068090-9
ISSN	1347-4820 ; 1346-9843
ISSN (online)	1347-4820
ISSN	1346-9843
DOI	10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0966
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