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Article: Moving towards sustainable manufacturing by extending the tool life of the pine wood planing process using the AlCrBN coating

Nadolny, Krzysztof / Kapłonek, Wojciech / Sutowska, Marzena / Sutowski, Paweł / Myśliński, Piotr / Gilewicz, Adam / Warcholiński, Bogdan

Sustainable materials and technologies. 2021 July, v. 28

2021

Abstract: Sustainable manufacturing is about increasing productivity while using less raw materials, reducing costs and reducing the environmental impact. In this context, the durability of tools used in woodworking processes is one of the most important factors ... ...

Abstract	Sustainable manufacturing is about increasing productivity while using less raw materials, reducing costs and reducing the environmental impact. In this context, the durability of tools used in woodworking processes is one of the most important factors with regard to both the consumption of raw materials, energy and resources necessary for their production and the costs of manufacturing processes. This article presents an analysis of the possibility of significant (doubling) extension of durability of industrial planar knives used in pine wood planing process. Such an effect was achieved by using an advanced multilayer thin anti-wear AlCrBN coating applied on tools in the PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) process. The paper describes the AlCrBN coating deposition method and their properties. The methodology of exploitation tests carried out in industrial conditions and the methodology of evaluation of test results are given in detail. The analysis of an extensive set of indicators for the evaluation of planar knives wear phenomena including the evaluation of durability of the knives, radius of cutting edge, worn edge displacement and wear area, texture of the knives rake face, as well as microscopic observation of the cutting edge condition in and out of the working area is presented. The research has shown the possibility of more than doubling the life (205%) of industrial planar knives in pine wood planing process with reference to unmodified tools. The measurements showed that the use of multilayer thin anti-wear AlCrBN-coated knives resulted in a reduction in knife wear (expressed as the average value of the cutting edge radius) of about 18% in relation to the unmodified knife radius (with AlCrBN-coated knives working twice as long under the same conditions). Application of AlCrBN coating reduced the rate of worn edge displacement almost two times during operation, to the value of about 54% in relation to unmodified knives wear. The mean specific wear area of the cutting edge Aw’ for AlCrBN-coated knives was 67% in relation to the mean value determined for unmodified knives.
Keywords	durability ; energy ; environmental impact ; face ; microscopy ; texture ; vapors ; wood ; woodworking
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2214-9937
DOI	10.1016/j.susmat.2021.e00259
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Experimental tests of PVD AlCrN-coated planer knives on planing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under industrial conditions

Nadolny, Krzysztof / Kapłonek, Wojciech / Sutowska, Marzena / Sutowski, Paweł / Myśliński, Piotr / Gilewicz, Adam / Warcholiński, Bogdan

European journal of wood and wood products. 2021 May, v. 79, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Raw pine wood processing and especially its mechanical processing constitute a significant share among technological operations leading to obtaining a finished product. Stable implementation of machining operations, ensuring long-term repeatable ... ...

Abstract	Raw pine wood processing and especially its mechanical processing constitute a significant share among technological operations leading to obtaining a finished product. Stable implementation of machining operations, ensuring long-term repeatable processing results depends on many factors, such as quality and invariability of raw material, technical condition of technological equipment, adopted parameters of work, qualifications and experience of operators, as well as preparation and properties of the machining tools used. It seems that the greatest potential in the search for opportunities to increase the efficiency of machining operations has the modification of machining tools used in it. This paper presents the results of research work aimed at determining how the life of cutting tools used in planing operations of wet pine wood is affected by the application of chromium aluminum nitride (AlCrN) coating to planar industrial planing knives in the process of physical vapour deposition. For this purpose operational tests were carried out under production conditions in a medium-sized wood processing company. The study compares the effective working time, rounding radius, the profile along the knife (size of worn edge displacement, wear area of the cutting edge), selected texture parameters of the planar industrial planing knife rake face and visual analyses of cutting edge condition of AlCrN-coated planar knives and unmodified ones. The obtained experimental results showed the possibility of increasing the life of AlCrN-coated knives up to 154% compared to the results obtained with uncoated ones. The proposed modification of the operational features of the knives does not involve any changes in the technological process of planing, does not require any interference with the machining station nor its parameters, therefore enabling rapid and easy implementation into industrial practice.
Keywords	Pinus sylvestris ; aluminum nitride ; chromium ; face ; raw materials ; texture ; vapors ; wood
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Size	p. 645-665.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2485250-8
ISSN	1436-736X ; 0018-3768
ISSN (online)	1436-736X
ISSN	0018-3768
DOI	10.1007/s00107-021-01660-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Use of Focus-Variation Microscopy for the Assessment of Active Surfaces of a New Generation of Coated Abrasive Tools

Kapłonek Wojciech / Nadolny Krzysztof / Królczyk Grzegorz M.

Measurement Science Review, Vol 16, Iss 2, Pp 42-

2016 Volume 53

Abstract: In this paper, the selected results of measurements and analysis of the active surfaces of a new generation of coated abrasive tools obtained by the use of focus-variation microscopy (FVM) are presented and discussed. The origin of this technique, as ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, the selected results of measurements and analysis of the active surfaces of a new generation of coated abrasive tools obtained by the use of focus-variation microscopy (FVM) are presented and discussed. The origin of this technique, as well as its general metrological characteristics is briefly described. Additionally, information regarding the focus variation microscope used in the experiments - InfiniteFocus® IF G4 produced by Alicona Imaging, is also given. The measurements were carried out on microfinishing films (IMFF), abrasive portable belts with Cubitron™ II grains, and single-layer abrasive discs with Trizact™ grains. The obtained results were processed and analyzed employing TalyMap 4.0 software in the form of maps and profiles, surface microtopographies, Abbott- Firestone curves, and calculated values of selected areal parameters. This allowed us to describe the active surfaces of the coated abrasive tools, as well as to assess the possibility of applying the FVM technique in such kinds of measurements.
Keywords	Focus-variation microscopy ; coated abrasive tools ; Cubitron™ II ; Trizact™ ; IMFF ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Versita
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Role of Observation-Measurement Methods in the Surface Characterization of X39Cr13 Stainless-Steel Cutting Blades Used in the Fish Processing Industry.

Kapłonek, Wojciech / Nadolny, Krzysztof / Zieliński, Bartosz / Plichta, Jarosław / Pimenov, Danil Yurievich / Sharma, Shubham

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 13, Issue 24

Abstract: In the modern fish processing industry, flat fishes play an important role. They are processed into a final product in the form of a fillet during the skinning operation, which is carried out on machines operating in automated production lines. These ... ...

Abstract	In the modern fish processing industry, flat fishes play an important role. They are processed into a final product in the form of a fillet during the skinning operation, which is carried out on machines operating in automated production lines. These machines are usually equipped with a single planar cutting blade or a few of such blades. The high-efficiency skinning and industrial conditions cause rapid wear of the cutting edge of the blade, which is detrimental to the quality of the final product. One of the forms of renewing the cutting ability of these types of tools is the regeneration carried out with the use of precise traverse surface grinding. The results of this process must be carefully verified for determining its correctness and possible optimization of its parameters. The main goal of this article was to characterize the usefulness of a number of observational and measuring methods to evaluate the results of the technical blade regeneration process. In this work, a number of contemporary observation-measurement methods such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical profilometry (OP), and angle-resolved scattering (ARS), supported by image processing and analysis techniques, were analyzed. The authors focused on presenting the role of the abovementioned methods in the surface characterization of planar cutting blades made of X39Cr13 chromium martensitic stainless steel before and after the technological operation of flat-fish skinning. Additionally, the surface condition after the regeneration process carried out using the five-axis CNC (computerized numerical control) grinding machine was also assessed. Numerous results of surface observations, elemental composition microanalysis, high-accuracy surface microgeometry measurements, and quantitative and qualitative analysis confirming the possibility of using the proposed methods in the presented applications are presented.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma13245796
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Experimental Studies on Durability of PVD-Based CrCN/CrN-Coated Cutting Blade of Planer Knives Used in the Pine Wood Planing Process.

Nadolny, Krzysztof / Kapłonek, Wojciech / Sutowska, Marzena / Sutowski, Paweł / Myśliński, Piotr / Gilewicz, Adam

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 13, Issue 10

Abstract: The condition of the cutting tool is one of the most important factors as it directly affects the technological and economic efficiencies of the woodworking process. The large variety of raw materials of wood combined with possible impurities and ... ...

Abstract	The condition of the cutting tool is one of the most important factors as it directly affects the technological and economic efficiencies of the woodworking process. The large variety of raw materials of wood combined with possible impurities and inclusion of solids puts high demands on planing machines. One of the methods to modify their operational properties is to apply antiwear coating on their working surfaces using vacuum deposition methods, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD). The use of such coatings reduces the adhesion of planing products to the surface of industrial planer knives, reduces the friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece, and limits the penetration of heat into the tool, thereby contributing to extending its effective working life. This study examines the impact of PVD-based CrCN/CrN coating on the operational durability and intensity of wear of planer knives operating in production conditions compared to unmodified knives (typically used in the wood processing industry for pine wood planing). For the unmodified and CrCN/CrN-coated planing blades (before and after processing), detailed analyses were carried out. These analyses included determining the rounding radius and profile along the blade (worn edge displacement), calculating surface texture parameters of the rake face of planer knives, and carrying out visual microscopic analysis of its condition. The results of the experiments indicated an increase in durability of up to 142% for the CrCN/CrN-coated tools. It was also found that the use of PVD-based modified industrial planer knives turned out to be more beneficial in each analyzed area of analysis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma13102398
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Influence of Variable Radius of Cutting Head Trajectory on Quality of Cutting Kerf in the Abrasive Water Jet Process for Soda-Lime Glass.

Sutowska, Marzena / Kapłonek, Wojciech / Pimenov, Danil Yurievich / Gupta, Munish Kumar / Mia, Mozammel / Sharma, Shubham

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 13, Issue 19

Abstract: The main innovation of this article is the determination of the impact of curvature of a shape cut out in a brittle material using an abrasive water jet (AWJ) process as an important factor of the machined surfaces. The curvature of a shape, resulting ... ...

Abstract	The main innovation of this article is the determination of the impact of curvature of a shape cut out in a brittle material using an abrasive water jet (AWJ) process as an important factor of the machined surfaces. The curvature of a shape, resulting from the size of the radius of the cutting head trajectory, is one of the key requirements necessary for ensuring the required surface quality of materials shaped by the abrasive water jet process, but very few studies have been carried out in this regard. An important goal of the experimental studies carried out here and presented in this work was to determine its influence on the quality of the inner and outer surfaces of the cutting kerf. This goal was accomplished by cutting the shape of a spiral in soda-lime glass. For such a shape, the effect of radius of the trajectory of the cutting head on selected parameters of the surface texture of the inner surface of the cutting kerf (IS) and the outer surface of the cutting kerf (OS) was studied. The obtained results of the experimental studies confirmed that the effect of the curvature of the cut shape is important from the point of view of the efficiency of the glass-based brittle material-cutting process using AWJ. Analyses of the surface textures of the areas located in the upper part of the inner and outer surfaces separated by the use of AWJ machining showed that the OS surfaces are characterized by worse technological quality compared with IS surfaces. Differences in the total height of surface irregularities (given by St amplitude parameter), determined on the basis of the obtained results of the measurements of both surfaces of the cutting kerf, were as follows: ΔSt
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma13194277
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Dimensional Analysis of Workpieces Machined Using Prototype Machine Tool Integrating 3D Scanning, Milling and Shaped Grinding.

Jaskólski, Piotr / Nadolny, Krzysztof / Kukiełka, Krzysztof / Kapłonek, Wojciech / Pimenov, Danil Yurievich / Sharma, Shubham

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 13, Issue 24

Abstract: In the literature, there are a small number of publications regarding the construction and application of machine tools that integrate several machining operations. Additionally, solutions that allow for such integration for complex operations, such as ... ...

Abstract	In the literature, there are a small number of publications regarding the construction and application of machine tools that integrate several machining operations. Additionally, solutions that allow for such integration for complex operations, such as the machining of shape surfaces with complex contours, are relatively rare. The authors of this article carried out dimensional analysis of workpieces machined using a prototype Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machine tool that integrates the possibilities of 3D scanning, milling operations in three axes, and grinding operations using abrasive discs. The general description of this machine tool with developed methodology and the most interesting results obtained during the experimental studies are given. For a comparative analysis of the influence of the machining method on the geometric accuracy of the test pieces, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out. The obtained results show that for four considered features (deviations of flatness, vertical parallelism, opening dimensions, and opening cylindricality), no statistically significant differences were detected. For the evaluation criteria, the probability level
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma13245663
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Experimental Studies on MoS

Kapłonek, Wojciech / Nadolny, Krzysztof / Sutowska, Marzena / Mia, Mozammel / Pimenov, Danil Yu / Gupta, Munish K

Micromachines

2019 Volume 10, Issue 4

Abstract: This work demonstrates that molybdenum disulfide can be successfully used as an impregnating substance that is introduced in the abrasive tool structure for improving its cutting properties and favorably affecting the effects of the abrasive process. For ...

Abstract	This work demonstrates that molybdenum disulfide can be successfully used as an impregnating substance that is introduced in the abrasive tool structure for improving its cutting properties and favorably affecting the effects of the abrasive process. For the experimental studies, a set of MoS
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2620864-7
ISSN	2072-666X
ISSN	2072-666X
DOI	10.3390/mi10040255
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A Study on the Machinability of Steels and Alloys to Develop Recommendations for Setting Tool Performance Characteristics and Belt Grinding Modes.

Syreyshchikova, Nelli Vladimirovna / Guzeev, Viktor Ivanovich / Ardashev, Dmitrii Valerievich / Pimenov, Danil Yurievich / Patra, Karali / Kapłonek, Wojciech / Nadolny, Krzysztof

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 13, Issue 18

Abstract: This article presents a methodology for designing belt grinding operations with grinding and lapping machines. It provides the results of a study on the machinability of various steels and alloys with belt grinding, which are then classified according to ...

Abstract	This article presents a methodology for designing belt grinding operations with grinding and lapping machines. It provides the results of a study on the machinability of various steels and alloys with belt grinding, which are then classified according to an indicator that we have developed. Namely, cast aluminum alloys, structural alloy steels, structural carbon steels, corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant stainless steels, and heat-resistant nickel alloys have been investigated. The machinability index is the ratio of the performance indicators of the grinding belt and the depth of cut to the indicators of grade 45 structural carbon steels (similar to steel AISI 1045) and similar steels and alloys. The performance indicators of the grinding belt are chosen from a set of calculated and estimated indicators. Experimentally determining the dependences of the performance indicators on the belt grinding modes and conditions, taking into account the established levels of machinability, allowed us to develop recommendations for designing belt grinding operations with grinding and lapping machines. The proposed methodology for designing belt grinding operations guarantees optimal performance and ensures that the necessary quality of the machinable surfaces is achieved. At the same time, it takes into account variable machining conditions, which change within specified limits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma13183978
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: High-Accuracy 3D Optical Profilometry for Analysis of Surface Condition of Modern Circulated Coins.

Kapłonek, Wojciech / Mikolajczyk, Tadeusz / Pimenov, Danil Yurievich / Gupta, Munish Kumar / Mia, Mozammel / Sharma, Shubham / Patra, Karali / Sutowska, Marzena

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 13, Issue 23

Abstract: The article shows that noncontact measurement techniques can be an important support to X-ray-based methods when examining the surface condition of modern circulated coins. The forms and degrees of wear of such coins, affecting their utility values, ... ...

Abstract	The article shows that noncontact measurement techniques can be an important support to X-ray-based methods when examining the surface condition of modern circulated coins. The forms and degrees of wear of such coins, affecting their utility values, qualifying them as a legal tender in a given country, can be measured and analyzed, among other things, using advanced high-accuracy optical profilometry methods. The authors presented four analyses carried out for reverses and obverses of round coins (1 zloty, 1 franc, 50 bani, 5 pens) characterized by different degrees of surface wear. All of the coins were measured using 3D optical profilometers (Talysurf CLI 2000 and S neox) representing two generations of these types of systems. The obtained results confirm the validity of the applied high-accuracy measurement systems in conjunction with dedicated software in the presented applications. Examples of the analyses carried out can be a significant source of information on the condition of coins in the context of maintaining their functional properties (selection of appropriate wear-resistant alloys and correctness of the production process).
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma13235371
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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