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  1. Article ; Online: Antithrombotic Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease: Risk Stratification and Clinical Decision Making.

    McClure, Graham R / Kaplovitch, Eric / Chan, Noel / Anand, Sonia S

    The Canadian journal of cardiology

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 5, Page(s) 654–661

    Abstract: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are an underrecognised group with significant thrombotic risk. This risk is modifiable with the use of aggressive secondary preventative efforts, including optimisation of antithrombotic therapy. Appropriate ... ...

    Abstract Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are an underrecognised group with significant thrombotic risk. This risk is modifiable with the use of aggressive secondary preventative efforts, including optimisation of antithrombotic therapy. Appropriate antithrombotic selection for patients with PAD requires appropriate assessment of thrombotic and bleeding risk. Recent Canadian guidelines have recommended dual pathway therapy initiation for stable PAD and post-revascularisation patients. However, there is ongoing discussion about how to identify PAD patients who stand to benefit most from these therapies while trying to minimise harm from bleeding. Clinical equipoise also persists around questions such as the utility of dual antiplatelet therapy in conjunction with rivaroxaban after high-risk endovascular interventions and the optimal therapy for patients experiencing acute limb ischemia. In patients with chronic PAD and high-risk comorbidities or limb features, or in patients after revascularisation, dual pathway therapy with low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin has emerged as the only regimen to reduce major adverse cardiovascular and limb events while maintaining an acceptable bleeding profile. After endovascular revascularisation, limited-duration (< 30 days) clopidogrel may be added to rivaroxaban and aspirin in selected high-risk patients at the provider's discretion. After acute limb ischemia, the risk of another vascular event is exceptionally high, but there is no high-quality evidence to guide decision making for intensified antithrombotic therapy. Randomised investigations addressing this question are urgently needed to better serve this high-risk and vulnerable population.
    MeSH term(s) Aspirin ; Canada ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Humans ; Ischemia/drug therapy ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/complications ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/drug therapy ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Risk Assessment ; Rivaroxaban/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Fibrinolytic Agents ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Rivaroxaban (9NDF7JZ4M3) ; Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632813-1
    ISSN 1916-7075 ; 0828-282X
    ISSN (online) 1916-7075
    ISSN 0828-282X
    DOI 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.02.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Treatment in the dental practice of the patient receiving anticoagulation therapy.

    Kaplovitch, Eric / Dounaevskaia, Vera

    Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)

    2019  Volume 150, Issue 7, Page(s) 602–608

    Abstract: Background: The use of anticoagulants is ubiquitous in outpatient medical practice, with anticoagulants now among the most common classes of medications prescribed in the United States. Despite its safety, anticoagulation around minimally invasive ... ...

    Abstract Background: The use of anticoagulants is ubiquitous in outpatient medical practice, with anticoagulants now among the most common classes of medications prescribed in the United States. Despite its safety, anticoagulation around minimally invasive dental procedures remains a source of discomfort for dental practitioners and a common reason for referral to specialist anticoagulation clinics. The introduction of new anticoagulant options, as well as the changing practice pattern in anticoagulant prescription, somewhat contributes to this situation. Reviewing the commonly used anticoagulants in outpatient medical practice, as well as their implications in dental practice, is integral to providing safe oral health care.
    Conclusions: Direct oral anticoagulants are now the preferred agents for most patients receiving anticoagulation therapy. With patients receiving any type of therapeutic anticoagulation, clinicians usually can perform dental procedures such as restorations, limited dental extractions, endodontic procedures, soft-tissue biopsies, and scalings safely without anticoagulation therapy interruption. Although local hemostatic maneuvers are often sufficient during dental procedures, antifibrinolytic medications, as well as local sponges and glues, can be used to ensure adequate hemostasis. Different classes of anticoagulants interact with commonly prescribed medications in unique ways and may require differing management and monitoring.
    Practical implications: Clinicians can perform most dental procedures safely despite patients' receiving therapeutic anticoagulation. Recognizing common classes of anticoagulants, incorporating strategies to minimize bleeding, and understanding how commonly prescribed medications in dentistry interact with anticoagulants are essential to practicing safe, comprehensive care.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants ; Dental Care ; Humans ; Tooth Extraction
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 220622-5
    ISSN 1943-4723 ; 0002-8177 ; 1048-6364
    ISSN (online) 1943-4723
    ISSN 0002-8177 ; 1048-6364
    DOI 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.02.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Effectiveness and safety of the direct oral anticoagulants in non-triple positive antiphospholipid syndrome without prior arterial thromboembolism.

    Kwan, Vickie / Kaplovitch, Eric / Selby, Rita / Abdulrehman, Jameel

    Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis

    2021  Volume 53, Issue 3, Page(s) 690–696

    Abstract: Thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (TAPS) is an autoimmune disorder that manifests with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and/or arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Recent trials have failed to ... ...

    Abstract Thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (TAPS) is an autoimmune disorder that manifests with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and/or arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Recent trials have failed to demonstrate non-inferiority of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to vitamin K antagonists as anticoagulation in TAPS, but there is a subgroup of non-triple positive patients without prior ATE in who only limited data exists. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of DOACs in non-triple positive TAPS without prior ATE. We conducted a retrospective review of all non-triple positive TAPS patients without prior ATE who were anticoagulated with a DOAC at two tertiary care hospitals from January 2010 to July 2020. We assessed outcomes of VTE, ATE, major bleeding, and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB). 50 patients were included in the analysis, encompassing 157.2 years of patient follow-up. There were no recurrent VTE, but one patient had a possible arterial thrombosis (0.64 events per 100 patient-years [95% confidence interval (CI 0.16-35.49)] as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) which occurred on reduced dose DOAC. There were no major bleeding events, but two patients had CRNMB (1.27 events per 100 patient-years [95% CI 1.5-46.0]), both as menorrhagia. DOACs were effective and safe as anticoagulation in non-triple positive TAPS patients without prior ATE with a low rate of recurrent thrombosis and bleeding. Larger, prospective controlled studies are required to confirm these findings prior to routine use of DOACs in this subgroup.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/drug therapy ; Female ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Thrombosis/drug therapy ; Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1230645-9
    ISSN 1573-742X ; 0929-5305
    ISSN (online) 1573-742X
    ISSN 0929-5305
    DOI 10.1007/s11239-021-02578-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The evolving treatment of peripheral arterial disease: preventing ischaemic events in the post-COMPASS era.

    Kaplovitch, Eric / Anand, Sonia S

    Cardiovascular research

    2019  Volume 115, Issue 12, Page(s) e121–e124

    MeSH term(s) Blood Coagulation/drug effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Factor Xa Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Factor Xa Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Humans ; Ischemia/blood ; Ischemia/drug therapy ; Ischemia/mortality ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/blood ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/drug therapy ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/mortality ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Factor Xa Inhibitors ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80340-6
    ISSN 1755-3245 ; 0008-6363
    ISSN (online) 1755-3245
    ISSN 0008-6363
    DOI 10.1093/cvr/cvz170
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Stroke in Women: Recognizing Opportunities for Prevention and Treatment.

    Kaplovitch, Eric / Anand, Sonia S

    Stroke

    2018  Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 515–517

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/therapy ; Women's Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80381-9
    ISSN 1524-4628 ; 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
    ISSN (online) 1524-4628
    ISSN 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
    DOI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.020354
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolism: An Evidence-Based Approach to Treating Life-Threatening Pulmonary Emboli.

    Kaplovitch, Eric / Shaw, Joseph R / Douketis, James

    Critical care clinics

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 465–480

    Abstract: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with high in-hospital morbidity and mortality, both via cardiorespiratory decompensation and the bleeding complications of treatment. Thrombolytic therapy can be life-saving in those with high-risk PE, but ... ...

    Abstract Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with high in-hospital morbidity and mortality, both via cardiorespiratory decompensation and the bleeding complications of treatment. Thrombolytic therapy can be life-saving in those with high-risk PE, but requires careful patient selection. Patients with PE and systemic arterial hypotension ("massive PE") should receive thrombolytic therapy unless severe contraindications are present. Patients with PE and right ventricular dysfunction/injury, but without hypotension ("submassive PE"), should be considered for thrombolysis on a case-by-case basis, considering bleeding risk, cardiac biomarkers, echocardiography, and most importantly, clinical status.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease/therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Embolism/therapy ; Risk Factors ; Thrombolytic Therapy/standards ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnosis ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/therapy
    Chemical Substances Fibrinolytic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1006423-0
    ISSN 1557-8232 ; 0749-0704
    ISSN (online) 1557-8232
    ISSN 0749-0704
    DOI 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.02.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Periprocedural Management of Oral Anticoagulation.

    Shaw, Joseph R / Kaplovitch, Eric / Douketis, James

    The Medical clinics of North America

    2020  Volume 104, Issue 4, Page(s) 709–726

    Abstract: Decisions surrounding periprocedural anticoagulation management must balance thromboembolic and procedural bleed risk. The interruption of both warfarin and DOACs requires consideration of anticoagulant pharmacokinetics, procedural bleed risk and patient ...

    Abstract Decisions surrounding periprocedural anticoagulation management must balance thromboembolic and procedural bleed risk. The interruption of both warfarin and DOACs requires consideration of anticoagulant pharmacokinetics, procedural bleed risk and patient characteristics. There is a diminishing role for periprocedural bridging LMWH overall and no role for bridging LMWH for the procedural interruption of DOACs. A clinical approach to perioperative DOAC management based on operative bleeding risk and renal function is safe and effective, and at present, is preferred over preprocedural DOAC levels testing. Clear communication of the anticoagulation interruption plan to both the patient and the patient's care team is essential.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/administration & dosage ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy ; Dabigatran ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Humans ; Perioperative Care/adverse effects ; Perioperative Care/methods ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Pyrazoles ; Pyridones ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Rivaroxaban ; Stroke/prevention & control ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects ; Warfarin
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Pyrazoles ; Pyridones ; apixaban (3Z9Y7UWC1J) ; Warfarin (5Q7ZVV76EI) ; Rivaroxaban (9NDF7JZ4M3) ; Dabigatran (I0VM4M70GC)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 215710-x
    ISSN 1557-9859 ; 0025-7125
    ISSN (online) 1557-9859
    ISSN 0025-7125
    DOI 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.02.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Antithrombotics in stable peripheral artery disease.

    Kaplovitch, Eric / Rannelli, Luke / Anand, Sonia S

    Vascular medicine (London, England)

    2019  Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 132–140

    Abstract: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at high risk for ischemic cardiovascular complications. While single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), predominantly aspirin, has long been the standard antithrombotic treatment in stable PAD, there have now ... ...

    Abstract Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at high risk for ischemic cardiovascular complications. While single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), predominantly aspirin, has long been the standard antithrombotic treatment in stable PAD, there have now been greater than 40,000 PAD patients randomized to varying antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant regimens. In this review, we provide a summary of the current evidence for antithrombotics in stable PAD, focusing on the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), major adverse limb events (MALE), and major bleeding. SAPT has a limited role in the treatment of asymptomatic PAD, particularly in the absence of concomitant coronary artery disease. In symptomatic PAD, SAPT is effective in preventing MACE, though treatment with a thienopyridine appears marginally superior to aspirin. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) suggests benefit over SAPT in reducing MACE and MALE, though studies to date are not conclusive and/or are associated with excess major bleeding. Combining moderate to high intensity vitamin K antagonists with antiplatelet therapy does not reduce MACE or MALE and increases life-threatening bleeding. Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID in addition to aspirin reduces the incidence of both MACE and MALE as compared to aspirin alone, without increasing life-threatening bleeding. This regimen is associated with a reduced severity of MALE when it does occur. Comparisons across antithrombotic trials in PAD are challenging given the heterogeneity of patient populations and the differing assessment of outcomes. The vascular medicine practitioner can reduce ischemic cardiac and limb events, as well as minimize life-threatening bleeding, by choosing the optimal antithrombotic regimen in their PAD patients.
    MeSH term(s) Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects ; Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/blood ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnosis ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/drug therapy ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/mortality ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1311628-9
    ISSN 1477-0377 ; 1358-863X
    ISSN (online) 1477-0377
    ISSN 1358-863X
    DOI 10.1177/1358863X18820123
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Strategies to reduce out-of-pocket medication costs for Canadians with peripheral arterial disease.

    McClure, Graham R / McIntyre, William F / Belesiotis, Peter / Kaplovitch, Eric / Chan, Noel / Bhagirath, Vinai / Chahill, Gurneet / Hayes, Abigail / Sohi, Gursharan / Bordman, Wendy / Whitlock, Richard P / Anand, Sonia S / Belley-Côté, Emilie P

    Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie

    2024  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) E1–E6

    Abstract: Background: Given that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) disproportionately affects people of lower socioeconomic status, out-of-pocket expenses for preventive medications are a major barrier to their use. We carried out a cost comparison of drug ... ...

    Abstract Background: Given that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) disproportionately affects people of lower socioeconomic status, out-of-pocket expenses for preventive medications are a major barrier to their use. We carried out a cost comparison of drug therapies for PAD to identify prescribing strategies that minimize out-of-pocket expenses for these medications.
    Methods: Between March and June 2019, we contacted outpatient pharmacies in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, to assess pricing of pharmacologic therapies at dosages included in the 2016 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline for management of lower extremity PAD. We also gathered pricing information for supplementary charges, including delivery, pill splitting and blister packaging. We calculated prescription prices with and without dispensing fees for 30-day brand-name and generic prescriptions, and 90-day generic prescriptions.
    Results: Twenty-four pharmacies, including hospital-based, independent and chain, were included in our sample. In the most extreme scenario, total 90-day medication costs could differ by up to $1377.26. Costs were affected by choice of agent within a drug class, generic versus brand-name drug, quantity dispensed, dispensing fee and delivery cost, if any.
    Conclusion: By opting for prescriptions for 90 days or as long as possible, selecting the lowest-cost generic drugs available in each drug class, and identifying dispensing locations with lower fees, prescribers can minimize out-of-pocket patient medication expenses. This may help improve adherence to guideline-recommended therapies for the secondary prevention of vascular events in patients with PAD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Drugs, Generic/economics ; Ontario ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/drug therapy ; United States ; Health Expenditures ; Drug Costs
    Chemical Substances Drugs, Generic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410651-9
    ISSN 1488-2310 ; 0008-428X
    ISSN (online) 1488-2310
    ISSN 0008-428X
    DOI 10.1503/cjs.003722
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Prevention and Management of Urgent/Emergent Limb Ischemia.

    McClure, Graham R / Chan, Noel / Kaplovitch, Eric / Bhagirath, Vinai / Anand, Sonia S

    Current cardiology reports

    2021  Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 41

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Patients who require urgent or emergent peripheral revascularization represent one of the highest risk subgroups of PAD patients. They suffer unacceptably high complication rates including recurrent ALI, vascular amputation, and death. ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Patients who require urgent or emergent peripheral revascularization represent one of the highest risk subgroups of PAD patients. They suffer unacceptably high complication rates including recurrent ALI, vascular amputation, and death. In this article, we examine (1) the burden of cardiovascular complications according to PAD severity, (2) discuss medical optimization to improve vascular outcomes in symptomatic LE-PAD patients, and (3) review the evidence for management of patients following urgent/emergent limb ischemia.
    Recent findings: The VOYAGER trial recently demonstrated that rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID + ASA daily significantly reduces major adverse cardiac and limb events in patients following lower extremity revascularization. A recent Canadian survey also demonstrated that significant heterogeneity exists in antithrombotic prescribing practices following urgent/emergent revascularization. COMPASS and VOYAGER have demonstrated the efficacy of aspirin 81 mg daily and rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily at reducing MACE and MALE events in stable PAD patients and those undergoing elective revascularization. Patients who require urgent or emergent peripheral revascularization remain the highest thrombotic risk subgroup of PAD patients, in whom there is insufficient evidence to guide antithrombotic therapy. Despite clear evidence that multi-modal medical therapy (including statins, antihypertensive agents and smoking cessation) benefits patients with atherosclerosis, their use remains unacceptably low in PAD, and greater efforts are needed to understand and address patient, health provider, and system issues that prevent their optimal implementation in practice.
    MeSH term(s) Canada ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Ischemia/prevention & control ; Lower Extremity ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/drug therapy ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2055373-0
    ISSN 1534-3170 ; 1523-3782
    ISSN (online) 1534-3170
    ISSN 1523-3782
    DOI 10.1007/s11886-021-01472-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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