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  1. Article ; Online: Shifting the paradigm

    Rifat Atun / Kara N Durski / Michael Osterholm / Suman S Majumdar / Eric Nilles / Daniel G Bausch

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 5, Iss

    using disease outbreaks to build resilient health systems

    2020  Volume 5

    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A Global, Multi-Disciplinary, Multi-Sectorial Initiative to Combat Leptospirosis

    Kara N. Durski / Michel Jancloes / Tej Chowdhary / Eric Bertherat

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 6000-

    Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network (GLEAN)

    2014  Volume 6008

    Abstract: Leptospirosis has emerged as a major public health problem in both animals and humans. The true burden of this epidemic and endemic disease is likely to be grossly under-estimated due to the non-specific clinical presentations of the disease and the ... ...

    Abstract Leptospirosis has emerged as a major public health problem in both animals and humans. The true burden of this epidemic and endemic disease is likely to be grossly under-estimated due to the non-specific clinical presentations of the disease and the difficulty of laboratory confirmation. The complexity that surrounds the transmission dynamics, particularly in epidemic situations, requires a coordinated, multi-disciplinary effort. Therefore, the Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network (GLEAN) was developed to improve global and local strategies of how to predict, prevent, detect, and intervene in leptospirosis outbreaks in order to prevent and control leptospirosis in high-risk populations.
    Keywords leptospirosis ; One Health ; outbreak ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Design thinking during a health emergency

    Kara N. Durski / Shalini Singaravelu / Dhamari Naidoo / Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey / Ibrahima Soce Fall / Ali Ahmed Yahaya / Bruce Aylward / Michael Osterholm / Pierre Formenty

    BMC Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    building a national data collection and reporting system

    2020  Volume 6

    Abstract: Abstract Background Design thinking allows challenging problems to be redefined in order to identify alternative user-center strategies and solutions. To address the many challenges associated with collecting and reporting data during the 2014 Ebola ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Design thinking allows challenging problems to be redefined in order to identify alternative user-center strategies and solutions. To address the many challenges associated with collecting and reporting data during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, we used a design thinking approach to build the Global Ebola Laboratory Data collection and reporting system. Main text We used the five-stage Design Thinking model proposed by Hasso-Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. This approach offers a flexible model which focuses on empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing. A strong focus of the methodology includes end-users’ feedback from the beginning to the end of the process. This is an iterative methodology that continues to adapt according to the needs of the system. The stages do not need to be sequential and can be run in parallel, out of order, and repeated as necessary. Design thinking was used to develop a data collection and reporting system, which contains all laboratory data from the three countries during one of the most complicated multi-country outbreaks to date. The data collection and reporting system was used to orient the response interventions at the district, national, and international levels within the three countries including generating situation reports, monitoring the epidemiological and operational situations, providing forecasts of the epidemic, and supporting Ebola-related research and the Ebola National Survivors programs within each country. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the numerous benefits that arise when using a design thinking methodology during an outbreak to solve acute challenges within the national health information system and the authors recommend it’s use during future complex outbreaks.
    Keywords Design thinking ; Information Management System ; Disease outbreaks ; Data systems ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 670
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: An outbreak investigation of congenital rubella syndrome in Solomon Islands, 2013

    Kara N Durski / Carol Tituli / Divi Ogaoga / Jennie Musto / Cynthia Joshua / Alfred Dofai / Jennie Leydon / Eric Nilles

    Western Pacific Surveillance and Response, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 10-

    2016  Volume 13

    Abstract: Introduction: During May 2012, a rubella outbreak was declared in Solomon Islands. A suspected case of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was reported from one hospital 11 months later in 2013. This report describes the subsequent CRS investigation, ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: During May 2012, a rubella outbreak was declared in Solomon Islands. A suspected case of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was reported from one hospital 11 months later in 2013. This report describes the subsequent CRS investigation, findings and measures implemented. Methods: Prospective CRS surveillance was conducted at the newborn nursery, paediatric and post-natal wards, and the paediatric cardiology and ophthalmology clinics of the study hospital from April to July 2013. Retrospective case finding by reviewing medical records was also undertaken to identify additional cases born between January and March 2013 for the same wards and clinics. Cases were identified using established World Health Organization case definitions for CRS. Results: A total of 13 CRS cases were identified, including two laboratory-confirmed, four clinically confirmed and seven suspected cases. Five CRS cases were retrospectively identified, including four suspected and one clinically confirmed case. There was no geospatial clustering of residences. The mothers of the cases were aged between 20 and 36 years. Three of the six mothers available for interview recalled an acute illness with rash during the first trimester of pregnancy. Discussion: Additional CRS cases not captured in this investigation are likely. Caring for CRS cases is a challenge in resource-poor settings. Rubella vaccination is safe and effective and can prevent the serious consequences of CRS. Well-planned and funded vaccination activities can prevent future CRS cases.
    Keywords outbreak investigation ; congenital rubella syndrome ; vaccination ; acute illness with rash ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 120
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: A health systems resilience research agenda

    Valéry Ridde / Fabrizio Tediosi / Karl Blanchet / Robert Marten / Dell D Saulnier / Kara N Durski / Kaspar Wyss / Didier Wernli / Isabelle Peytremann-Bridevaux / Don de Savigny / Fernando Garcia / Aku Kwamie / Daniel Cobos Muñoz / Carmelita Canila / Livia Dal Zennaro / Pauline Yongeun Grimm / Daniel Maceira / Camille Poroes / Laurence Seematter /
    Barbara Stern / Patricia Suarez / Gina Teddy

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

    moving from concept to practice

    2021  Volume 8

    Abstract: Health system resilience, known as the ability for health systems to absorb, adapt or transform to maintain essential functions when stressed or shocked, has quickly gained popularity following shocks like COVID-19. The concept is relatively new in ... ...

    Abstract Health system resilience, known as the ability for health systems to absorb, adapt or transform to maintain essential functions when stressed or shocked, has quickly gained popularity following shocks like COVID-19. The concept is relatively new in health policy and systems research and the existing research remains mostly theoretical. Research to date has viewed resilience as an outcome that can be measured through performance outcomes, as an ability of complex adaptive systems that is derived from dynamic behaviour and interactions, or as both. However, there is little congruence on the theory and the existing frameworks have not been widely used, which as diluted the research applications for health system resilience. A global group of health system researchers were convened in March 2021 to discuss and identify priorities for health system resilience research and implementation based on lessons from COVID-19 and other health emergencies. Five research priority areas were identified: (1) measuring and managing systems dynamic performance, (2) the linkages between societal resilience and health system resilience, (3) the effect of governance on the capacity for resilience, (4) creating legitimacy and (5) the influence of the private sector on health system resilience. A key to filling these research gaps will be longitudinal and comparative case studies that use cocreation and coproduction approaches that go beyond researchers to include policy-makers, practitioners and the public.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  6. Article ; Online: Development of risk reduction behavioral counseling for Ebola virus disease survivors enrolled in the Sierra Leone Ebola Virus Persistence Study, 2015-2016.

    Neetu Abad / Tasneem Malik / Archchun Ariyarajah / Patricia Ongpin / Matthew Hogben / Suzanna L R McDonald / Jaclyn Marrinan / Thomas Massaquoi / Anna Thorson / Elizabeth Ervin / Kyle Bernstein / Christine Ross / William J Liu / Karen Kroeger / Kara N Durski / Nathalie Broutet / Barbara Knust / Gibrilla F Deen / Sierra Leone Ebola Virus Persistence Study Group

    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 11, Iss 9, p e

    2017  Volume 0005827

    Abstract: Background During the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic, the public health community had concerns that sexual transmission of the Ebola virus (EBOV) from EVD survivors was a risk, due to EBOV persistence in body fluids of EVD ... ...

    Abstract Background During the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic, the public health community had concerns that sexual transmission of the Ebola virus (EBOV) from EVD survivors was a risk, due to EBOV persistence in body fluids of EVD survivors, particularly semen. The Sierra Leone Ebola Virus Persistence Study was initiated to investigate this risk by assessing EBOV persistence in numerous body fluids of EVD survivors and providing risk reduction counseling based on test results for semen, vaginal fluid, menstrual blood, urine, rectal fluid, sweat, tears, saliva, and breast milk. This publication describes implementation of the counseling protocol and the key lessons learned. Methodology/principal findings The Ebola Virus Persistence Risk Reduction Behavioral Counseling Protocol was developed from a framework used to prevent transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. The framework helped to identify barriers to risk reduction and facilitated the development of a personalized risk-reduction plan, particularly around condom use and abstinence. Pre-test and post-test counseling sessions included risk reduction guidance, and post-test counseling was based on the participants' individual test results. The behavioral counseling protocol enabled study staff to translate the study's body fluid test results into individualized information for study participants. Conclusions/significance The Ebola Virus Persistence Risk Reduction Behavioral Counseling Protocol provided guidance to mitigate the risk of EBOV transmission from EVD survivors. It has since been shared with and adapted by other EVD survivor body fluid testing programs and studies in Ebola-affected countries.
    Keywords Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Implementation of a study to examine the persistence of Ebola virus in the body fluids of Ebola virus disease survivors in Sierra Leone

    Gibrilla Fadlu Deen / Suzanna L R McDonald / Jaclyn E Marrinan / Foday R Sesay / Elizabeth Ervin / Anna E Thorson / Wenbo Xu / Ute Ströher / Patricia Ongpin / Neetu Abad / Archchun Ariyarajah / Tasneem Malik / Hongtu Liu / Christine Ross / Kara N Durski / Philippe Gaillard / Oliver Morgan / Pierre Formenty / Barbara Knust /
    Nathalie Broutet / Foday Sahr / Sierra Leone Ebola Virus Persistence Study Group

    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 11, Iss 9, p e

    Methodology and lessons learned.

    2017  Volume 0005723

    Abstract: BACKGROUND:The 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus disease epidemic was unprecedented in terms of the number of cases and survivors. Prior to this epidemic there was limited data available on the persistence of Ebola virus in survivors' body fluids and ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND:The 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus disease epidemic was unprecedented in terms of the number of cases and survivors. Prior to this epidemic there was limited data available on the persistence of Ebola virus in survivors' body fluids and the potential risk of transmission, including sexual transmission. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Given the urgent need to determine the persistence of Ebola virus in survivors' body fluids, an observational cohort study was designed and implemented during the epidemic response operation in Sierra Leone. This publication describes study implementation methodology and the key lessons learned. Challenges encountered during implementation included unforeseen duration of follow-up, complexity of interpreting and communicating laboratory results to survivors, and the urgency of translating research findings into public health practice. Strong community engagement helped rapidly implement the study during the epidemic. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was initiated within five months of initial protocol discussions and assessed persistence of Ebola virus in semen of 100 adult men. The second phase assessed the persistence of virus in multiple body fluids (semen or vaginal fluid, menstrual blood, breast milk, and urine, rectal fluid, sweat, saliva, tears), of 120 men and 120 women. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:Data from this study informed national and global guidelines in real time and demonstrated the need to implement semen testing programs among Ebola virus disease survivors. The lessons learned and study tools developed accelerated the implementation of such programs in Ebola virus disease affected countries, and also informed studies examining persistence of Zika virus. Research is a vital component of the public health response to an epidemic of a poorly characterized disease. Adequate resources should be rapidly made available to answer critical research questions, in order to better inform response efforts.
    Keywords Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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