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Article: Biodiesel production from Azadirachta India-derived oil by electrolysis technique: Process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)

Karimi, Shadi / Saidi, Majid

Fuel processing technology. 2022 Sept., v. 234

2022

Abstract: Biodiesel production from non-edible seed oil of abundantly available wild Azadirachta India through novel electrolysis technique assisted (trans)esterification was studied at room temperature. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central ... ...

Abstract	Biodiesel production from non-edible seed oil of abundantly available wild Azadirachta India through novel electrolysis technique assisted (trans)esterification was studied at room temperature. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was applied with a three-parameter-three-level to optimize the operating condition, including voltage (5–15 V/cm), time (1−3h), and methanol to oil molar ratio (5:1–20:1). Based on experimental design, a quadratic model was developed. The effects of each parameter on the biodiesel production yield were discussed. The experimental results and optimum condition of the additional independent experiments were in good agreement with the predicted results of the model. The highest biodiesel yield was 28% without catalyst and 80% using an acidic catalyst. The optimum condition was as follows: time of 2 h, voltage of 15 V/cm, methanol to oil molar of 20:1, THF to oil molar ratio of 10:1, NaCl weight of 1 wt%, 2 wt% distilled water based on the total weight of solution, room temperature and H₂SO₄ catalyst weight of 16 wt%. Overall, non-edible Azadirachta India seed oil appeared to be applicable feedstock for the future biodiesel industry. By sensitivity analysis of significant parameters, the electrolysis technique is highly recommended as an efficient method to industrialize biodiesel production at ambient temperature.
Keywords	Azadirachta ; ambient temperature ; biodiesel ; catalysts ; electric potential difference ; electrolysis ; esterification ; experimental design ; feedstocks ; methanol ; models ; response surface methodology ; seed oils ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1483666-x
ISSN	0378-3820
ISSN	0378-3820
DOI	10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107337
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Automated dual olfactory device for studying head/tail chemosensation in

Karimi, Shadi / Gat, Asaf / Agazzi, Costanza / Oren-Suissa, Meital / Krieg, Michael

APL bioengineering

2024 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 26104

Abstract: The correct interpretation of threat and reward is important for animal survival. Often, the decisions underlying these behavioral programs are mediated by volatile compounds in the animal's environment, which they detect and discriminate with ... ...

Abstract	The correct interpretation of threat and reward is important for animal survival. Often, the decisions underlying these behavioral programs are mediated by volatile compounds in the animal's environment, which they detect and discriminate with specialized olfactory neurons along their body.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2473-2877
ISSN (online)	2473-2877
DOI	10.1063/5.0187441
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Article ; Online: Sexually dimorphic architecture and function of a mechanosensory circuit in C. elegans.

Setty, Hagar / Salzberg, Yehuda / Karimi, Shadi / Berent-Barzel, Elisheva / Krieg, Michael / Oren-Suissa, Meital

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6825

Abstract: How sensory perception is processed by the two sexes of an organism is still only partially understood. Despite some evidence for sexual dimorphism in auditory and olfactory perception, whether touch is sensed in a dimorphic manner has not been addressed. ...

Abstract	How sensory perception is processed by the two sexes of an organism is still only partially understood. Despite some evidence for sexual dimorphism in auditory and olfactory perception, whether touch is sensed in a dimorphic manner has not been addressed. Here we find that the neuronal circuit for tail mechanosensation in C. elegans is wired differently in the two sexes and employs a different combination of sex-shared sensory neurons and interneurons in each sex. Reverse genetic screens uncovered cell- and sex-specific functions of the alpha-tubulin mec-12 and the sodium channel tmc-1 in sensory neurons, and of the glutamate receptors nmr-1 and glr-1 in interneurons, revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate tail mechanosensation. Moreover, we show that only in males, the sex-shared interneuron AVG is strongly activated by tail mechanical stimulation, and accordingly is crucial for their behavioral response. Importantly, sex reversal experiments demonstrate that the sexual identity of AVG determines both the behavioral output of the mechanosensory response and the molecular pathways controlling it. Our results present extensive sexual dimorphism in a mechanosensory circuit at both the cellular and molecular levels.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Female ; Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Ion Channels/genetics ; Ion Channels/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; TMC-1 protein, C elegans ; Ion Channels
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-34661-3
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Article ; Online: Integration of spatially opposing cues by a single interneuron guides decision-making in C. elegans.

Gat, Asaf / Pechuk, Vladyslava / Peedikayil-Kurien, Sonu / Karimi, Shadi / Goldman, Gal / Sela, Sapir / Lubliner, Jazz / Krieg, Michael / Oren-Suissa, Meital

Cell reports

2023 Volume 42, Issue 9, Page(s) 113075

Abstract: The capacity of animals to respond to hazardous stimuli in their surroundings is crucial for their survival. In mammals, complex evaluations of the environment require large numbers and different subtypes of neurons. The nematode C. elegans avoids ... ...

Abstract	The capacity of animals to respond to hazardous stimuli in their surroundings is crucial for their survival. In mammals, complex evaluations of the environment require large numbers and different subtypes of neurons. The nematode C. elegans avoids hazardous chemicals they encounter by reversing their direction of movement. How does the worms' compact nervous system process the spatial information and direct motion change? We show here that a single interneuron, AVA, receives glutamatergic excitatory and inhibitory signals from head and tail sensory neurons, respectively. AVA integrates the spatially distinct and opposing cues, whose output instructs the animal's behavioral decision. We further find that the differential activation of AVA stems from distinct localization of inhibitory and excitatory glutamate-gated receptors along AVA's process and from different threshold sensitivities of the sensory neurons. Our results thus uncover a cellular mechanism that mediates spatial computation of nociceptive cues for efficient decision-making in C. elegans.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649101-1
ISSN	2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
ISSN (online)	2211-1247
ISSN	2211-1247
DOI	10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113075
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Article: Numerical and experimental analysis of a high-throughput blood plasma separator for point-of-care applications

Karimi, Shadi / Mojaddam, Mohammad / Majidi, Sahand / Mehrdel, Pouya / Farré-Lladós, Josep / Casals-Terré, Jasmina

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2021 May, v. 413, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Blood plasma separation from undiluted blood is an essential step in many diagnostic procedures. This study focuses on the numerical optimization of the microfluidic blood plasma separator (BPS) and experimental validation of the results to achieve ... ...

Abstract	Blood plasma separation from undiluted blood is an essential step in many diagnostic procedures. This study focuses on the numerical optimization of the microfluidic blood plasma separator (BPS) and experimental validation of the results to achieve portable blood plasma separation with high purity and reasonable yield. The proposed design has two parts: a microchannel for blood processing and a tank below the aforementioned main channel for plasma collection. The study uses 3D computational fluid dynamic analysis to investigate the optimal ratio of heights between the top microchannel and the tank and their geometry at various flow rates. Thereafter, the results are compared with the experimental findings of the fabricated devices. These results are contrasted with some recent reported works to verify the proposed device’s contribution to the improvement in the quality and quantity of the extracted plasma. The optimized design is capable of achieving a 19% yield with purity of 77.1%, depending on the requirement of the point-of-care (POC) application. These amounts could be tuned, for instance to 100% pure plasma, but the yield would decrease to 9%. In this study, the candidate application is hemostasis; therefore, the BPS is integrated to a biomimetic surface for hemostasis evaluation near the patients.
Keywords	analytical chemistry ; biomimetics ; blood plasma ; fluid mechanics ; geometry ; hemostasis ; point-of-care systems
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Size	p. 2867-2878.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	1618-2642
DOI	10.1007/s00216-021-03190-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Cost-effective microfabrication of sub-micron-depth channels by femto-laser anti-stiction texturing.

Karimi, Shadi / Mehrdel, Pouya / Casals-Terré, Jasmina / Farré-Llados, Josep

Biofabrication

2020 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 25021

Abstract: Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and microfluidic devices have found numerous applications in the industrial sector. However, they require a fast, cost-effective and reliable manufacturing process in order to compete with conventional methods. ... ...

Abstract	Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and microfluidic devices have found numerous applications in the industrial sector. However, they require a fast, cost-effective and reliable manufacturing process in order to compete with conventional methods. Particularly, at the sub-micron scale, the manufacturing of devices are limited by the dimensional complexity. A proper bonding and stiction prevention of these sub-micron channels are two of the main challenges faced during the fabrication process of low aspect ratio channels. Especially, in the case of using flexible materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This study presents a direct laser microfabrication method of sub-micron channels using an infrared (IR) ultrashort pulse (femtosecond), capable of manufacturing extremely low aspect ratio channels. These microchannels are manufactured and tested varying their depth from 0.5 μm to 2 μm and width of 15, 20, 25, and 30 μm. The roughness of each pattern was measured by an interferometric microscope. Additionally, the static contact angle of each depth was studied to evaluate the influence of femtosecond laser fabrication method on the wettability of the glass substrate. PDMS, which is a biocompatible polymer, was used to provide a watertight property to the sub-micron channels and also to assist the assembly of external microfluidic hose connections. A 750 nm depth watertight channel was built using this methodology and successfully used as a blood plasma separator (BPS). The device was able to achieve 100% pure plasma without stiction of the PDMS layer to the sub-micron channel within an adequate time. This method provides a novel manufacturing approach useful for various applications such as point-of-care devices.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Cells/cytology ; Blood Cells/physiology ; Cell Separation/methods ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes/chemistry ; Equipment Design ; Glass/chemistry ; Humans ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Lasers ; Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems ; Microscopy, Confocal
Chemical Substances	Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; baysilon (63148-62-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2500944-8
ISSN	1758-5090 ; 1758-5082
ISSN (online)	1758-5090
ISSN	1758-5082
DOI	10.1088/1758-5090/ab6665
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Article ; Online: Portable 3D-printed sensor to measure ionic strength and pH in buffered and non-buffered solutions.

Mehrdel, Pouya / Karimi, Shadi / Farré-LLadós, Josep / Casals-Terré, Jasmina

Food chemistry

2020 Volume 344, Page(s) 128583

Abstract: A miniaturized 3D-printed device has been designed, manufactured and validated to perform as a low-cost sensor for compositional analysis of buffered and non-buffered solutions in industrial or remote areas. The proposed sensor takes advantage of the ... ...

Abstract	A miniaturized 3D-printed device has been designed, manufactured and validated to perform as a low-cost sensor for compositional analysis of buffered and non-buffered solutions in industrial or remote areas. The proposed sensor takes advantage of the transport phenomenon and colorimetric measurements. The novel design can simultaneously detect the ionic strength of the solution by measuring the diffusion width of the ions and the pH by image analysis of the pH indicator color change. The results showed that it can detect pH variations of 0.25 and ionic measure difference of 0.1 M in non-buffer solutions. In addition, the design showed its adaptability to be used as a self-referencing sensor. The 3D-printed sensor presented here is not only successful in the evaluation of some important chemical characteristics but also brings flexibility, cost-effectiveness, swiftness and user-friendliness.
MeSH term(s)	Color ; Colorimetry/instrumentation ; Colorimetry/methods ; Diffusion ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Osmolar Concentration ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Solutions/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Solutions
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128583
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Article ; Online: Flow Control in Porous Media: From Numerical Analysis to Quantitative μPAD for Ionic Strength Measurements.

Mehrdel, Pouya / Khosravi, Hamid / Karimi, Shadi / Martínez, Joan Antoni López / Casals-Terré, Jasmina

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 21, Issue 10

Abstract: Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) are a promising technology to enable accurate and quantitative in situ assays. Paper's inherent hydrophilicity drives the fluids without the need for external pressure sources. However, controlling the ... ...

Abstract	Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) are a promising technology to enable accurate and quantitative in situ assays. Paper's inherent hydrophilicity drives the fluids without the need for external pressure sources. However, controlling the flow in the porous medium has remained a challenge. This study addresses this problem from the nature of the paper substrate and its design. A computational fluid dynamic model has been developed, which couples the characteristics of the porous media (fiber length, fiber diameter and porosity) to the fluidic performance of the diffusion-based µPAD sensor. The numerical results showed that for a given porous membrane, the diffusion, and therefore the sensor performance is affected not only by the substrate nature but also by the inlets' orientation. Given a porous substrate, the optimum performance is achieved by the lowest inlets' angle. A diffusion-based self-referencing colorimetric sensor was built and validated according to the design. The device is able to quantify the hydronium concentration in wines by comparison to 0.1-1.0 M tartaric acid solutions with a 41.3 mM limit of detection. This research showed that by proper adjustments even the simplest µPADs can be used in quantitative assays for agri-food applications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s21103328
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Article ; Online: Numerical and experimental analysis of a high-throughput blood plasma separator for point-of-care applications.

Karimi, Shadi / Mojaddam, Mohammad / Majidi, Sahand / Mehrdel, Pouya / Farré-Lladós, Josep / Casals-Terré, Jasmina

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

2021 Volume 413, Issue 11, Page(s) 2867–2878

Abstract	Blood plasma separation from undiluted blood is an essential step in many diagnostic procedures. This study focuses on the numerical optimization of the microfluidic blood plasma separator (BPS) and experimental validation of the results to achieve portable blood plasma separation with high purity and reasonable yield. The proposed design has two parts: a microchannel for blood processing and a tank below the aforementioned main channel for plasma collection. The study uses 3D computational fluid dynamic analysis to investigate the optimal ratio of heights between the top microchannel and the tank and their geometry at various flow rates. Thereafter, the results are compared with the experimental findings of the fabricated devices. These results are contrasted with some recent reported works to verify the proposed device's contribution to the improvement in the quality and quantity of the extracted plasma. The optimized design is capable of achieving a 19% yield with purity of 77.1%, depending on the requirement of the point-of-care (POC) application. These amounts could be tuned, for instance to 100% pure plasma, but the yield would decrease to 9%. In this study, the candidate application is hemostasis; therefore, the BPS is integrated to a biomimetic surface for hemostasis evaluation near the patients.
MeSH term(s)	Biomimetics ; Cell Separation/instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/instrumentation ; Humans ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation ; Plasma ; Point-of-Care Systems
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	201093-8
ISSN	1618-2650 ; 0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
ISSN (online)	1618-2650
ISSN	0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
DOI	10.1007/s00216-021-03190-1
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Article ; Online: A passive portable microfluidic blood-plasma separator for simultaneous determination of direct and indirect ABO/Rh blood typing.

Karimi, Shadi / Mehrdel, Pouya / Farré-Lladós, Josep / Casals-Terré, Jasmina

Lab on a chip

2019 Volume 19, Issue 19, Page(s) 3249–3260

Abstract: The blood typing test is mandatory in any transfusion, organ transplant, and pregnancy situation. There is a lack of point-of-care (POC) blood typing that could perform both direct and indirect methods using a single droplet of whole blood. This study ... ...

Abstract	The blood typing test is mandatory in any transfusion, organ transplant, and pregnancy situation. There is a lack of point-of-care (POC) blood typing that could perform both direct and indirect methods using a single droplet of whole blood. This study presents a new methodology combining a passive microfluidic blood-plasma separator (BPS) and a blood typing detector for the very first time, leading to a stand-alone microchip which is capable of determining the blood group from both direct and indirect methods simultaneously. The proposed design separates blood cells from plasma by applying hydrodynamic forces imposed on them, which overcomes the clogging issue and consequently maximizes the volume of the extracted plasma. An axial migration effect across the main channel is responsible for collecting the plasma in plasma collector channels. The BPS novel design approached 12% yield of plasma with 100% purity in approximately 10 minutes. The portable BPS was designed and fabricated to perform ABO/Rh blood tests based on the detection of agglutination in both antigens of RBCs (direct) and antibodies of plasma (indirect). The differences between agglutinated and non-agglutinated samples were distinguishable by the naked eye and also validated by particle analysis of microscopic pictures. The results of this passive BPS in ABO/Rh blood grouping verified the quality and quantity of the extracted plasma in practical applications.
MeSH term(s)	ABO Blood-Group System/blood ; Antibodies/blood ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Humans ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation ; Point-of-Care Testing ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/blood
Chemical Substances	ABO Blood-Group System ; Antibodies ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2056646-3
ISSN	1473-0189 ; 1473-0197
ISSN (online)	1473-0189
ISSN	1473-0197
DOI	10.1039/c9lc00690g
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