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  1. Article ; Online: Stochastic Dilated Residual Ghost Model for Breast Cancer Detection.

    Kashyap, Ramgopal

    Journal of digital imaging

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 562–573

    Abstract: One of the most contentious issues in modern medicine is how to effectively standardise breast cancer screening. Deep learning models are already saving lives in the medical field due to their capacity to distinguish between benign and malignant tumours. ...

    Abstract One of the most contentious issues in modern medicine is how to effectively standardise breast cancer screening. Deep learning models are already saving lives in the medical field due to their capacity to distinguish between benign and malignant tumours. Histopathology imaging poses difficulties due to the possibility of large colour variations caused by the staining technique and the biopsy material used to make the image; this problem leads to inaccurate breast cancer diagnoses. Our primary focus in this assessment is on the four main research concerns listed in the following: Overfitting and colour divergence must be rectified before moving on to other aspects of breast cancer categorisation. To overcome this issue, strain normalisation is utilised, and adding extra components is used to cope with overfitting; both techniques yielded positive results. The multiscale stochastic and dilation unit was then created to extract and enhance fine-grained characteristics such as edges, contours, and colour accuracy. To achieve this, the image is scaled to various different levels. The last challenge is to overcome the stochastic dilated residual ghost model's unreliability when used to recognise very tiny objects. The stochastic pooling block in this model makes effective use of downsampling to simplify the process without compromising the capacity to retrieve deep information. This upgrade was done as part of a bigger endeavour to eliminate unneeded or redundant components. In this case, we use convolution and identity mapping to create and maintain accurate mappings of the object's inherent characteristics. Upsampling is frequently used in conjunction with stochastic pooling to reduce feature dimensionality. The results of the experiments show that the suggested method is better than some of the current methods, with a network performance measurement area under the curve of 96.15 and percentages of 98.50 and 97.36.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Algorithms ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1033897-4
    ISSN 1618-727X ; 0897-1889
    ISSN (online) 1618-727X
    ISSN 0897-1889
    DOI 10.1007/s10278-022-00739-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Has demography witnessed a data revolution? Promises and pitfalls of a changing data ecosystem.

    Kashyap, Ridhi

    Population studies

    2022  Volume 75, Issue sup1, Page(s) 47–75

    Abstract: Over the past 25 years, technological improvements that have made the collection, transmission, storage, and analysis of data significantly easier and more cost efficient have ushered in what has been described as the 'big data' era or the 'data ... ...

    Abstract Over the past 25 years, technological improvements that have made the collection, transmission, storage, and analysis of data significantly easier and more cost efficient have ushered in what has been described as the 'big data' era or the 'data revolution'. In the social sciences context, the data revolution has often been characterized in terms of increased volume and variety of data, and much excitement has focused on the growing opportunity to repurpose data that are the by-products of the digitalization of social life for research. However, many features of the data revolution are not new for demographers, who have long used large-scale population data and been accustomed to repurposing imperfect data not originally collected for research. Nevertheless, I argue that demography, too, has been affected by the data revolution, and the data ecosystem for demographic research has been significantly enriched. These developments have occurred across two dimensions. The first involves the augmented granularity, variety, and opportunities for linkage that have bolstered the capabilities of 'old' big population data sources, such as censuses, administrative data, and surveys. The second involves the growing interest in and use of 'new' big data sources, such as 'digital traces' generated through internet and mobile phone use, and related to this, the emergence of 'digital demography'. These developments have enabled new opportunities and offer much promise moving forward, but they also raise important ethical, technical, and conceptual challenges for the field.
    MeSH term(s) Censuses ; Data Collection ; Demography ; Developing Countries ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Population Dynamics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2008943-0
    ISSN 1477-4747 ; 0032-4728
    ISSN (online) 1477-4747
    ISSN 0032-4728
    DOI 10.1080/00324728.2021.1969031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: A Tale of Two Currencies

    Kashyap, Ravi

    Cash and Crypto

    2023  

    Abstract: We discuss numerous justifications for why crypto-currencies would be highly conducive for the smooth functioning of today's society. We provide several comparisons between cryptocurrencies issued by blockchain projects, crypto, and conventional ... ...

    Abstract We discuss numerous justifications for why crypto-currencies would be highly conducive for the smooth functioning of today's society. We provide several comparisons between cryptocurrencies issued by blockchain projects, crypto, and conventional government issued currencies, cash or fiat. We summarize seven fundamental innovations that would be required for participants to have greater confidence in decentralized finance (DeFi) and to obtain wealth appreciation coupled with better risk management. The conceptual ideas we discuss outline an approach to: 1) Strengthened Security Blueprint; 2) Rebalancing and Trade Execution Suited for Blockchain Nuances 3) Volatility and Variance Adjusted Weight Calculation 4) Accommodating Investor Preferences and Risk Parity Construction; 5) Profit Sharing and Investor Protection; 6) Concentration Risk Indicator and Performance Metrics; 7) Multi-chain expansion and Select Strategic Initiatives including the notion of a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). Incorporating these concepts into several projects would also facilitate the growth of the overall blockchain eco-system so that this technology can, have wider mainstream adoption and, fulfill its potential in transforming all aspects of human interactions.
    Keywords Economics - General Economics ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Computers and Society ; 90B70 Theory of organizations ; 97U70 Technological tools ; 93A14 Decentralized systems ; 91G45 Financial networks
    Publishing date 2023-02-13
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Online: DeFi Security

    Kashyap, Ravi

    Turning The Weakest Link Into The Strongest Attraction

    2023  

    Abstract: The primary innovation we pioneer -- focused on blockchain information security -- is called the Safe-House. The Safe-House is badly needed since there are many ongoing hacks and security concerns in the DeFi space right now. The Safe-House is a piece of ...

    Abstract The primary innovation we pioneer -- focused on blockchain information security -- is called the Safe-House. The Safe-House is badly needed since there are many ongoing hacks and security concerns in the DeFi space right now. The Safe-House is a piece of engineering sophistication that utilizes existing blockchain principles to bring about greater security when customer assets are moved around. The Safe-House logic is easily implemented as smart contracts on any decentralized system. The amount of funds at risk from both internal and external parties -- and hence the maximum one time loss -- is guaranteed to stay within the specified limits based on cryptographic fundamentals. To improve the safety of the Safe-House even further, we adapt the one time password (OPT) concept to operate using blockchain technology. Well suited to blockchain cryptographic nuances, our secondary advancement can be termed the one time next time password (OTNTP) mechanism. The OTNTP is designed to complement the Safe-House making it even more safe. We provide a detailed threat assessment model -- discussing the risks faced by DeFi protocols and the specific risks that apply to blockchain fund management -- and give technical arguments regarding how these threats can be overcome in a robust manner. We discuss how the Safe-House can participate with other external yield generation protocols in a secure way. We provide reasons for why the Safe-House increases safety without sacrificing the efficiency of operation. We start with a high level intuitive description of the landscape, the corresponding problems and our solutions. We then supplement this overview with detailed discussions including the corresponding mathematical formulations and pointers for technological implementation. This approach ensures that the article is accessible to a broad audience.
    Keywords Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Computational Engineering ; Finance ; and Science ; Computer Science - Computers and Society ; Quantitative Finance - Portfolio Management ; Quantitative Finance - Risk Management ; 94A62 ; 93A14 ; 94A60 ; 91G45 ; 97U70 ; K.6.5 ; D.4.6 ; D.2.11 ; B.8.2 ; I.2.8 ; H.1.1
    Subject code 380
    Publishing date 2023-11-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Book ; Online: A survey of deep learning optimizers -- first and second order methods

    Kashyap, Rohan

    2022  

    Abstract: Deep Learning optimization involves minimizing a high-dimensional loss function in the weight space which is often perceived as difficult due to its inherent difficulties such as saddle points, local minima, ill-conditioning of the Hessian and limited ... ...

    Abstract Deep Learning optimization involves minimizing a high-dimensional loss function in the weight space which is often perceived as difficult due to its inherent difficulties such as saddle points, local minima, ill-conditioning of the Hessian and limited compute resources. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of $14$ standard optimization methods successfully used in deep learning research and a theoretical assessment of the difficulties in numerical optimization from the optimization literature.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Mathematics - Optimization and Control
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Incorporation of miPSMA score for interpretation of 68Ga PSMA PET/CT scans for standardization and reproducibility of studies.

    Kashyap, Raghava

    European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging

    2020  Volume 47, Issue 12, Page(s) 2741

    MeSH term(s) Biopsy ; Edetic Acid/analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oligopeptides ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results
    Chemical Substances Oligopeptides ; gallium 68 PSMA-11 ; Edetic Acid (9G34HU7RV0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 8236-3
    ISSN 1619-7089 ; 0340-6997 ; 1619-7070
    ISSN (online) 1619-7089
    ISSN 0340-6997 ; 1619-7070
    DOI 10.1007/s00259-020-04770-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Extremely Efficient DFB Lasers with Flat-Top Intra-Cavity Power Distribution in Highly Erbium-Doped Fibers.

    Tehranchi, Amirhossein / Kashyap, Raman

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 3

    Abstract: High-performance erbium-doped DFB fiber lasers are presently required for several sensing applications, whilst the current efficiency record is only a few percent. Additionally, a flat-top intra-cavity power distribution that is not provided in ... ...

    Abstract High-performance erbium-doped DFB fiber lasers are presently required for several sensing applications, whilst the current efficiency record is only a few percent. Additionally, a flat-top intra-cavity power distribution that is not provided in traditional DFB lasers is preferred. Moreover, cavity lengths of <20 cm are attractive for fabrication and packaging. These goals can be achieved using highly erbium-doped fiber (i.e., 110 dB/m absorption at 1530 nm), providing high gain with proper engineering of coupling coefficients. In this paper, for a given background fiber loss, first the optimum intra-cavity signal powers for various pump powers are numerically calculated. Then, for a fully unidirectional laser, optimum coupling profiles are determined. Design diagrams, including contour maps for optimum cavity lengths, maximum output powers, maximum intra-cavity signal powers, and quality factors considering various pump powers and background fiber losses, are presented. The laser pump and intra-cavity signal distribution are also calculated for a realistic, feasible modified coupling profile considering a strong unidirectionality. The DFB laser is finally simulated using generalized coupled-mode equations for such modified profiles. The efficiency of more than 22% can be realized, which is the highest reported for DFB lasers based only on erbium-doped fiber.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s23031398
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: On multiplexing in physical random number generation, and conserved total entropy content.

    Monet, Frederic / Kashyap, Raman

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 7892

    Abstract: In the current article, we use a random supercontinuum based on a random Raman distributed feedback laser to investigate the generation of random numbers by spectrally demultiplexing the broad supercontinuum spectrum in parallel channels. By tuning the ... ...

    Abstract In the current article, we use a random supercontinuum based on a random Raman distributed feedback laser to investigate the generation of random numbers by spectrally demultiplexing the broad supercontinuum spectrum in parallel channels. By tuning the spectral separation between two independent channels, we test the most typically used statistical tests' abilities to identify the required minimum spectral separation between channels, especially after the use of post-processing steps. Out of all the tests that were investigated, the cross-correlation across channels using the raw data appears to be the most robust. We also demonstrate that the use of post-processing steps, either least significant bits extraction or exclusive-OR operations, hinders the ability of these tests to detect the existing correlations. As such, performing these tests on post-processed data, often reported in literature, is insufficient to properly establish the independence of two parallel channels. We therefore present a methodology, which may be used to confirm the true randomness of parallel random number generation schemes. Finally, we demonstrate that, while tuning a single channel's bandwidth can modify its potential randomness output, it also affects the number of available channels, such that the total random number generation bitrate is conserved.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-35130-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Early antiplatelet therapy used for acute ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.

    Buddhavarapu, Venkata / Kashyap, Rahul / Surani, Salim

    World journal of clinical cases

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 677–680

    Abstract: In this editorial we comment on the article published by ... ...

    Abstract In this editorial we comment on the article published by Zhang
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2307-8960
    ISSN 2307-8960
    DOI 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i4.677
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Rare Case of Double Esophageal Web in a Two-Year-Old.

    Bongurala, Archana Reddy / Fatima, Ayesha / Kashyap, Rahul

    Cureus

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e57784

    Abstract: Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is an uncommon condition that poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and clinical presentation similar to other esophageal disorders. Symptoms typically start with dysphagia around the ... ...

    Abstract Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is an uncommon condition that poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and clinical presentation similar to other esophageal disorders. Symptoms typically start with dysphagia around the introduction of solid foods. A broad range of potential differential diagnoses contributes to a delay in obtaining a definitive diagnosis and administering the proper treatment. We report a two-year-old boy who presented with difficulty swallowing solid foods since 11 months of age, manifesting as choking and gagging. Initial evaluation revealed a double esophageal web, with proximal stenosis detected in an esophagram. Despite two endoscopic dilations and cauterization of the proximal web, a second web in the middle third of the esophagus was found. Subsequent dilatation successfully improved symptoms, and the child began tolerating table foods. This case report aims to contribute to the limited existing literature on CES and to add to the clinical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon congenital anomaly.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.57784
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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