Article ; Online: Salivary autoantibodies to type I IFNs: Mirror plasma levels, predispose to severe COVID-19, and enhance feasibility for clinical screening.
Heart & lung : the journal of critical care
2024 Volume 66, Page(s) 31–36
Abstract: Background: Autoantibodies have been demonstrated to dampen the interferon (IFN) response in viral infections. Elevated levels of these preexisting autoantibodies (aAbs) decrease basal interferon levels, increasing susceptibility to severe infections.!## ...
| Abstract | Background: Autoantibodies have been demonstrated to dampen the interferon (IFN) response in viral infections. Elevated levels of these preexisting autoantibodies (aAbs) decrease basal interferon levels, increasing susceptibility to severe infections. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of type I IFN aAbs in both plasma and saliva from COVID-19 patients, analyze their neutralizing activity, and examine their associations with clinical outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. Methods: Prospective analyses of patients admitted to intensive care units in three UAE hospitals from June 2020 to March 2021 were performed to measure aAbs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), assess aAbs activity via neutralization assays, and correlate aAbs with clinical outcomes. Results: Type I IFN aAbs (α2 and/or ω) were measured in plasma samples from 213 ICU patients, and positive results were obtained for 20 % (n = 42) of the patients, with half exhibiting neutralizing activity. Saliva samples from a subgroup of 24 patients reflected plasma levels. In multivariate regression analyses, presence of type I IFN aAbs was associated with a higher need for mechanical ventilation (OR 2.58; 95 % CI 1.07-6.22) and greater in-hospital mortality (OR 2.40; 95 % CI 1.13 - 5.07; P = 0.022). Similarly, positive neutralizing aAbs (naAbs) were associated with a greater need for mechanical ventilation (OR 4.96; 95 % CI 1.12-22.07; P = 0.035) and greater odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.87; 95 % CI 1.05-7.89; P = 0.041). Conclusions: Type I IFN autoantibodies can be detected in noninvasive saliva samples, alongside conventional plasma samples, from COVID-19 patients and are associated with worse outcomes, such as greater mechanical ventilation needs and in-hospital mortality. |
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| Language | English | |||||
| Publishing date | 2024-03-27 | |||||
| Publishing country | United States | |||||
| Document type | Journal Article | |||||
| ZDB-ID | 193129-5 | |||||
| ISSN | 1527-3288 ; 0147-9563 | |||||
| ISSN (online) | 1527-3288 | |||||
| ISSN | 0147-9563 | |||||
| DOI | 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.03.005 | |||||
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| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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