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Article ; Online: The predictors and association between knowledge of vaccines and vaccination among adults and children in 28 European Countries, 2019

Constantine Vardavas / Katerina Nikitara / Satomi Odani / Emmanouil Symvoulakis

Population Medicine, Vol 4, Iss March, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Introduction Confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness is an important predictor of vaccine uptake. This study assessed the level of knowledge of vaccination and factors associated with vaccination uptake in 28 EU countries. Methods A secondary ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness is an important predictor of vaccine uptake. This study assessed the level of knowledge of vaccination and factors associated with vaccination uptake in 28 EU countries. Methods A secondary dataset analysis was performed on data from the Eurobarometer on Europeans’ Attitudes Towards Vaccination (March 2019 across 28 EU countries). Knowledge about vaccination was assessed with the Eurobarometer with four true/false questions (range 0–4 correct answers), with high knowledge reported as a score of 3/4 or 4/4. Adjusted regression analyses were performed on all respondents (n=27524) and those who lived with a child aged 0–14 years (n=6005). Results Significant inter-country variability in the knowledge of vaccination was noted across the 28 European Countries, with little intra-country variation by gender and age. Adults who trusted health authorities as a source of information were more likely to have high knowledge about vaccination (AOR=1.29). In contrast, those who reported the internet as a source of information were less likely to have high knowledge (AOR=0.71). Previous vaccination in the past five years increased with a higher knowledge score among adults. Similarly, the odds of previous vaccination for their children were significantly higher among those who scored 3/4 (AOR=2.17; 95% CI: 1.41–3.34) and those who scored 4/4 (AOR=3.15; 95% CI: 2.01–4.91) than those who answered incorrectly to all questions. Conclusions Higher socioeconomic status, higher educational level, previous vaccination and higher perceived effectiveness of vaccination were significantly associated with higher knowledge of vaccinations. Improving awareness of the benefits of vaccines is warranted, especially in light of COVID-19 booster vaccinations in Europe.
Keywords	vaccination ; vaccine ; knowledge ; εurobarometer ; vaccine uptake ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	European Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and smoking

Constantine I. Vardavas / Katerina Nikitara

Tobacco Induced Diseases, Vol 18, Iss March (2020)

A systematic review of the evidence

2020

Keywords	tobacco ; smoking ; covid-19 ; coronavirus ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	European Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and smoking

Constantine I. Vardavas / Katerina Nikitara

Tobacco Induced Diseases, Vol 18, Iss March (2020)

A systematic review of the evidence

2020

Keywords	tobacco ; smoking ; covid-19 ; coronavirus ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	European Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Familial secondhand smoke

Israel T. Agaku / Tina N. Tsafa / Katerina Nikitara / Satomi Odani

Population Medicine, Vol 3, Iss August, Pp 1-

Tobacco use and adoption of smoke-free home and car rules among US parents

2021 Volume 11

Abstract: Introduction Secondhand smoke (SHS) causes disease and death. We assessed US parents’ tobacco use and their attitudes towards smoking within private environments where children might be present. Methods A national sample of 44626 parents collectively ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Secondhand smoke (SHS) causes disease and death. We assessed US parents’ tobacco use and their attitudes towards smoking within private environments where children might be present. Methods A national sample of 44626 parents collectively reporting 83782 children aged 0–17 years was analyzed from the 2014–2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Unit of analyses was both parents and children. Among parents, we assessed tobacco use prevalence, smoke-free home rule adoption, and opposition to smoking in cars. Logistic regression was used to measure associations between smoke-free home rule adoption and parents’ cigarette smoking initiation (never smokers); quit attempts (current smokers); and sustained cessation (former smokers). Population counts of children living with a smoking parent were extrapolated from sampling weights. Results Of parents, 14.3% currently smoked combustible tobacco; approximately 9.7 million children lived with a smoking parent. While most parents opposed smoking in cars with children (95.0%), significantly fewer were opposed when a child was not specified as being present in the car (75.4%). Overall, 91.3% of parents had smoke-free home rules; this percentage was highest among parents of infants/ toddlers (92.3%) and lowest among parents of teens aged 14–17 years (89.0%; p<0.05). Presence of smoke-free home rules was associated negatively with smoking initiation among never smokers (AOR=0.21) and positively with quit attempts among current smokers (AOR=1.59) and sustained quitting among former smokers (AOR=1.67) (all p <0.05). Conclusions Parental smoking can expose children to SHS. Pediatricians can educate parents on the dangers of smoking around children, and the benefits of quitting.
Keywords	secondhand smoke ; smoke-free home ; tobacco products ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	European Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cost-effectiveness of emergency preparedness measures in response to infectious respiratory disease outbreaks

Katerina Nikitara / Constantine Vardavas / Jo Leonardi-Bee / Konstantinos Zisis / Konstantinos Athanasakis / Revati Phalkey / Svetla Tsolova / Massimo Ciotti / Jonathan E Suk

BMJ Open, Vol 11, Iss

a systematic review and econometric analysis

2021 Volume 4

Abstract: Objectives Respiratory infectious disease outbreaks pose a threat for loss of life, economic instability and social disruption. We conducted a systematic review of published econometric analyses to assess the direct and indirect costs of infectious ... ...

Abstract	Objectives Respiratory infectious disease outbreaks pose a threat for loss of life, economic instability and social disruption. We conducted a systematic review of published econometric analyses to assess the direct and indirect costs of infectious respiratory disease outbreaks that occurred between 2003 and 2019.Setting Respiratory infectious disease outbreaks or public health preparedness measures or interventions responding to respiratory outbreaks in OECD countries (excluding South Korea and Japan) so as to assess studies relevant to the European context. The cost-effectiveness of interventions was assessed through a dominance ranking matrix approach. All cost data were adjusted to the 2017 Euro, with interventions compared with the null. We included data from 17 econometric studies.Primary and secondary outcome measures Direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response or cost-benefit and cost-utility were measured.Results Overall, the economic burden of infectious respiratory disease outbreaks was found to be significant to healthcare systems and society. Indirect costs were greater than direct costs mainly due to losses of productivity. With regard to non-pharmaceutical strategies, prehospitalisation screening and the use of protective masks were identified as both an effective strategy and cost-saving. Community contact reduction was effective but had ambiguous results for cost saving. School closure was an effective measure, but not cost-saving in the long term. Targeted antiviral prophylaxis was the most cost-saving and effective pharmaceutical intervention.Conclusions Our cost analysis results provide evidence to policymakers on the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies which may be applied to mitigate or respond to infectious respiratory disease outbreaks.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Patient journey pain points in spondyloarthritis and psoriasis

Enkeleint Aggelos Mechili / Katerina Nikitara / Charis Girvalaki / Christina Kyriakos / Constantine I. Vardavas

Population Medicine, Vol 1, Iss November (2019)

The case of Greece

2019

Abstract: For the diseases spondyloarthritis (SpA) and psoriasis, the patient’s journey commences when the first symptoms present themselves. However, many patients ignore the initial symptoms, until the moment they become unbearable. Additionally, due to GPs/ ... ...

Abstract	For the diseases spondyloarthritis (SpA) and psoriasis, the patient’s journey commences when the first symptoms present themselves. However, many patients ignore the initial symptoms, until the moment they become unbearable. Additionally, due to GPs/family physicians and primary healthcare providers’ lack of knowledge, both SpA and psoriasis remain underdiagnosed, and patients need to undertake multiple visits and health examinations to get correctly diagnosed. With regard to appropriate treatment, a combination of pharmacotherapy, counselling and education is useful to improve the patient’s quality of life, with healthcare professionals ensuring the patient’s adherence to the therapy. In Greece, the lack of health protocols and health technology assessment procedures create a burden in the screening, diagnosis and treatment of patients with SpA and psoriasis. Based on the aforementioned, the existence of a comprehensive, patient-centred and integrated healthcare system is of crucial importance so that patients with chronic conditions can have quality healthcare, better prognosis and reduced cost of care.
Keywords	psoriasis ; screening ; healthcare system ; treatments ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	European Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cost of the COVID-19 pandemic versus the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in EU/UK/OECD

Esteve Fernández / Frank Sandmann / Anastasia Pharris / Katerina Nikitara / Constantine Vardavas / Jo Leonardi-Bee / Konstantinos Zisis / Konstantinos Athanasakis / Revati Phalkey / Jonathan E Suk / Charlotte Deogan / Ioanna Lagou / Valia Marou / Katerina Aslanoglou / Orla Condell / Favelle Lamb

BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

a systematic review

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Objectives The economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role.Design A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost- ... ...

Abstract	Objectives The economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role.Design A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null.Data sources Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021.Eligibility criteria Studies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible.Data extraction and synthesis Studies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist.Results We included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented.Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in educational settings in 2020

Anastasia Pharris / Katerina Nikitara / Constantine Vardavas / Alexander G Mathioudakis / Jo Leonardi-Bee / Revati Phalkey / Jonathan E Suk / Charlotte Deogan / Michele Hilton Boon

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

a review

2022 Volume 4

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Perceptions and practice of personal protective behaviors to prevent COVID-19 transmission in the G7 nations

Constantine I. Vardavas / Satomi Odani / Katerina Nikitara / Hania El Banhawi / Christina N. Kyriakos / Luke Taylor / Grace Lown / Nicolas Becuwe

Population Medicine, Vol 2, Iss June (2020)

2020

Abstract: Introduction To combat the transmission of COVID-19, countries have endorsed a series of non-pharmaceutical measures. We evaluated the practice and perceptions of personal protective measures and social distancing across the G7 countries. Methods Data ... ...

Abstract	Introduction To combat the transmission of COVID-19, countries have endorsed a series of non-pharmaceutical measures. We evaluated the practice and perceptions of personal protective measures and social distancing across the G7 countries. Methods Data were collected during 19–21 March 2020, from 7005 of Kantar’s online panelists aged >16 years across the G7 countries: Canada, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States. Data were post-stratified and weighted to match population distributions of the respective countries. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted in late March 2020. Results Males (vs females) and those less educated (vs college graduates) were less likely to practice personal protective measures and social distancing. Younger adults were also less likely to practice social distancing (vs adults >65 years old). Respondents who expressed concern about the impact of COVID-19 on their health, income or education had higher odds of practicing personal protective measures (AOR=2.81, 1.74, and 1.54, respectively) and social distancing (AOR=3.18, 1.68, and 1.89, respectively) compared to those who did not. Those who perceived precautionary measures as highly effective were also more likely to practice personal protective measures (AOR=2.05) and social distancing (AOR=3.99) compared to those who perceived them as ineffective. Conclusions Concerns about COVID-19 and perceived effectiveness of precautionary measures strongly predict practice of protective measures, regardless of the types of behaviors. Population-wide interventions should focus on ensuring increased adherence and tailoring communications to groups that are less likely to practice protective behaviors.
Keywords	covid-19 ; health behavior ; preventive medicine ; infection control ; Medicine ; R ; covid19
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	European Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Current practices and perceived barriers to tobacco treatment delivery among healthcare professionals from 15 European countries. The EPACTT Plus project

Charis Girvalaki / Enkeleint A. Mechili / Sophia Papadakis / Katerina Nikitara / Andrey Demin / Antigona Trofor / Arben Lila / Arusyak Harutyunyan / Aurela Saliaj / Deska Dimitrievska / Francisco Rodriguez Lozano / George Bakhturidze / Javier Ayesta / Krzysztof Przewoźniak / Maria Sofia Cattaruzza / Marija Zdraveska / Mihaela Lovše / Biljana Kilibarda / Otto Stoyka /

Panagiotis Behrakis / Pierre Bizel / Polina Starchenko / Shkumbin Spahija / Cornel Radu-Loghin / Constantine I. Vardavas

Tobacco Prevention and Cessation, Vol 6, Iss January (2020)

2020

Abstract: Introduction The latest evidence-based Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Dependence highlight the significant role of healthcare professionals in supporting smokers interested to quit. This study aimed to identify the current practices of healthcare ... ...

Abstract	Introduction The latest evidence-based Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Dependence highlight the significant role of healthcare professionals in supporting smokers interested to quit. This study aimed to identify the current practices of healthcare professionals in Europe and perceived barriers in delivering tobacco treatment to their patients who smoke. Methods In the context of EPACTT-Plus, collaborating institutions from 15 countries (Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Italy, France, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Romania, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine) worked for the development of an accredited eLearning course on Tobacco Treatment Delivery available at http:// elearning-ensp.eu/. In total, 444 healthcare professionals from the wider European region successfully completed the course from December 2018 to July 2019. Cross-sectional data were collected online on healthcare professionals’ current practices and perceived barriers in introducing tobacco-dependence treatment into their daily clinical life. Results At registration, 41.2% of the participants reported having asked their patients if they smoked. Advise to quit smoking was offered by 47.1% of the participants, while 29.5% reported offering assistance to their patients who smoked in order to quit. From the total number of participants, 39.9% regarded the lack of patient compliance as a significant barrier. Other key barriers were lack of: interest from the patients (37.4%), healthcare professionals training (33.1%), community resources to refer patients (31.5%), and adequate time during their everyday clinical life (29.7%). Conclusions The identification of current practices and significant barriers is important to build evidence-based guidelines and training programs (online and/or live) that will improve the performance of healthcare professionals in offering tobacco-dependence treatment for their patients who smoke.
Keywords	barriers ; europe ; healthcare professionals ; tobacco dependence treatment ; elearning ; current practices ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	302
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	European Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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