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Article ; Online: "Cognitive" Criteria in Older Adults With Slow Gait Speed: Implications for Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome.

Nester, Caroline O / Gao, Qi / Wang, Cuiling / Katz, Mindy J / Lipton, Richard B / Verghese, Joe / Rabin, Laura A

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

2024 Volume 79, Issue 4

Abstract: Background: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia condition that combines slow gait speed and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC). The SCC criterion is presently unstandardized, possibly limiting risk detection. We sought to (a) ... ...

Abstract	Background: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia condition that combines slow gait speed and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC). The SCC criterion is presently unstandardized, possibly limiting risk detection. We sought to (a) characterize SCC practices through MCR literature review; (b) investigate the ability of SCC in slow gait individuals in predicting the likelihood of cognitive impairment in a demographically diverse sample of community-dwelling, nondemented older adults. Methods: First, we comprehensively reviewed the MCR literature, extracting information regarding SCC measures, items, sources, and cognitive domain. Next, Einstein Aging Study (EAS) participants (N = 278, Mage = 77.22 ± 4.74, %female = 67, Meducation = 15 ± 3.61, %non-Hispanic White = 46.3) completed gait, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), and SCC assessment at baseline and annual follow-up (Mfollow-up = 3.5). Forty-two participants met slow gait criteria at baseline. Generalized linear mixed-effects models examined baseline SCC to predict cognitive impairment on CDR over follow-up. Results: We reviewed all published MCR studies (N = 106) and documented ambiguity in SCC criteria, with a prevalent approach being use of a single self-reported memory item. In EAS, high SCC endorsement on a comprehensive, validated screen significantly affected the rate of cognitive impairment (CDR; βinteraction = 0.039, p = .018) in slow gait individuals. Conclusions: An assessment approach that queries across numerous SCC domains was found to predict future decline in clinical dementia status in slow gait older adults. Current SCC practices in MCR, which tend to utilize a single-memory item, may not be the optimal approach. We discuss the implications of SCC criteria validation and standardization to enhance early dementia detection in MCR.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Walking Speed ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Risk Factors ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Gait ; Syndrome ; Dementia ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1223643-3
ISSN	1758-535X ; 1079-5006
ISSN (online)	1758-535X
ISSN	1079-5006
DOI	10.1093/gerona/glae038
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Article ; Online: Concordance Between Logical Memory and Craft Story 21 in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Role of Demographic Factors And Cognitive Status.

Nester, Caroline O / Qin, Jiyue / Wang, Cuiling / Katz, Mindy J / Lipton, Richard B / Rabin, Laura A

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

2022 Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 1091–1105

Abstract: Objective: Episodic memory loss, a hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's Disease, is frequently quantified by story memory performance. The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery (UDSNB) replaced Logical Memory ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Episodic memory loss, a hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's Disease, is frequently quantified by story memory performance. The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery (UDSNB) replaced Logical Memory with Craft Story 21 in UDSNB Version 3. The concordance between these story memory tasks is poorly characterized in demographically diverse older adults, possibly jeopardizing the integrity of longitudinal data in aging cohorts. Method: Einstein Aging Study participants (n = 298; Mage = 76.6; Meducation = 15; 66.4% women; 43.3% Non-Hispanic White) completed UDSNB measures, including Craft Story and Logical Memory. Classification as normal cognition (n = 206) or mild cognitive impairment (n = 90) was based on Jak/Bondi criteria. Analyses included correlations, linear regression, and equipercentile equating methods to characterize the relationship between Logical Memory and Craft Story. Multivariate linear mixed effects models explored the association of covariates and practice effects over follow-up, stratified by cognitive status and race/ethnicity. Results: Immediate (r = 0.54) and delayed (r = 0.56) versions of Logical Memory and Craft Story were moderately correlated. Age, education, depression, and female sex were associated with Logical Memory, while age, education, cognitive status, and male sex were associated with Craft Story. Significant differential effects of sex on story memory were observed. Conclusions: We demonstrated that Logical Memory and Craft Story may be used largely interchangeably; however, memory may be enhanced for stories with a protagonist of the same sex as the participant. Craft Story was somewhat more associated with mild cognitive impairment in the overall sample, but especially in non-Hispanic Black participants. We discuss how results inform test selection considerations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Independent Living ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632972-x
ISSN	1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
ISSN (online)	1873-5843
ISSN	0887-6177
DOI	10.1093/arclin/acac102
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Article ; Online: Availability of healthy foods, fruit and vegetable consumption, and cognition among urban older adults.

Hyun, Jinshil / Katz, Mindy J / Derby, Carol A / Roque, Nelson / Muñoz, Elizabeth / Sliwinski, Martin J / Lovasi, Gina S / Lipton, Richard B

BMC geriatrics

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 302

Abstract: Background: . Although prior studies have examined the associations between neighborhood characteristics and cognitive health, little is known about whether local food environments, which are critical for individuals' daily living, are associated with ... ...

Abstract	Background: . Although prior studies have examined the associations between neighborhood characteristics and cognitive health, little is known about whether local food environments, which are critical for individuals' daily living, are associated with late-life cognition. Further, little is known about how local environments may shape individuals' health-related behaviors and impact cognitive health. The aim of this study is to examine whether objective and subjective measures of healthy food availability are associated with ambulatory cognitive performance and whether behavioral and cardiovascular factors mediate these associations among urban older adults. Methods: . The sample consisted of systematically recruited, community-dwelling older adults (N = 315, mean age = 77.5, range = 70-91) from the Einstein Aging Study. Objective availability of healthy foods was defined as density of healthy food stores. Subjective availability of healthy foods and fruit/vegetable consumption were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Cognitive performance was assessed using smartphone-administered cognitive tasks that measured processing speed, short-term memory binding, and spatial working memory performance 6 times a day for 14 days. Results: . Results from multilevel models showed that subjective availability of healthy foods, but not objective food environments, was associated with better processing speed (estimate= -0.176, p = .003) and more accurate memory binding performance (estimate = 0.042, p = .012). Further, 14~16% of the effects of subjective availability of healthy foods on cognition were mediated through fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusions: . Local food environments seem to be important for individuals' dietary behavior and cognitive health. Specifically, subjective measures of food environments may better reflect individuals' experiences regarding their local food environments not captured by objective measures. Future policy and intervention strategies will need to include both objective and subjective food environment measures in identifying impactful target for intervention and evaluating effectiveness of policy changes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Vegetables ; Fruit ; Access to Healthy Foods ; Cognition ; Health Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2059865-8
ISSN	1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
ISSN (online)	1471-2318
ISSN	1471-2318
DOI	10.1186/s12877-023-04003-z
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Article: Examining the role of participant and study partner report in widely-used classification approaches of mild cognitive impairment in demographically-diverse community dwelling individuals: results from the Einstein aging study.

Chang, Katherine H / Wang, Cuiling / Nester, Caroline O / Katz, Mindy J / Byrd, Desiree A / Lipton, Richard B / Rabin, Laura A

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2023 Volume 15, Page(s) 1221768

Abstract: Objective: The role of subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) as a diagnostic criterion for MCI remains uncertain and limits the development of a universally (or widely)-accepted MCI definition. The optimal MCI definition should define an at-risk state and ...

Abstract	Objective: The role of subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) as a diagnostic criterion for MCI remains uncertain and limits the development of a universally (or widely)-accepted MCI definition. The optimal MCI definition should define an at-risk state and accurately predict the development of incident dementia. Questions remain about operationalization of definitions of self- and informant-reported SCCs and their individual and joint associations with incident dementia. Methods: The present study included Einstein Aging Study participants who were non-Hispanic White or Black, free of dementia at enrollment, had follow-up, and completed neuropsychological tests and self-reported SCC at enrollment to determine MCI status. Informant-reported SCC at baseline were assessed via the CERAD clinical history questionnaire. Self-reported SCC were measured using the CERAD, items from the EAS Health Self-Assessment, and the single memory item from the Geriatric Depression Scale. Cox proportional hazards models examined the association of different operationalizations of SCC with Petersen and Jak/Bondi MCI definitions on the risk of dementia, further controlling for age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity. Time-dependent sensitivity and specificity at specific time points for each definition, and Youden's index were calculated as an accuracy measure. Cox proportional hazards models were also used to evaluate the associations of combinations of self- and informant-reported SCC with the risk of incident dementia. Results: 91% of the sample endorsed at least one SCC. Youden's index showed that not including SCC in either Jak/Bondi or Petersen classifications had the best balance between sensitivity and specificity across follow-up. A subset of individuals with informants, on average, had a lower proportion of non-Hispanic Blacks and 94% endorsed at least one self-reported SCC. Both informant-reported and self-reported SCC were significantly associated with incident dementia. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the SCC criterion may not improve the predictive validity for dementia when included in widely-employed definitions of MCI. Consistent with some prior research, informant-reported SCC was more related to risk of incident dementia than self-reported SCC. Given that requiring informant report as a diagnostic criterion may unintentionally exclude health disparate groups, additional consideration is needed to determine how best to utilize informant-report in MCI diagnosis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2023.1221768
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Article: Tracking cognition with the T-MoCA in a racially/ethnically diverse older adult cohort.

Wang, Cuiling / Nester, Caroline O / Chang, Katherine / Rabin, Laura A / Ezzati, Ali / Lipton, Richard B / Katz, Mindy J

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e12410

Abstract: Introduction: We investigated the utility of the Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) to track cognition in a diverse sample from the Einstein Aging Study.: Methods: Telephone and in-person MoCA data, collected annually, were used to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: We investigated the utility of the Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) to track cognition in a diverse sample from the Einstein Aging Study. Methods: Telephone and in-person MoCA data, collected annually, were used to evaluate longitudinal cognitive performance. Joint models of T-MoCA and in-person MoCA compared changes, variance, and test-retest reliability measured by intraclass correlation coefficient by racial/ethnic group. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline performance or longitudinal changes across three study waves for both MoCA formats. T-MoCA performance improved over waves 1-3 but declined afterward. Test-retest reliability was lower for the T-MoCA than for the in-person MoCA. In comparison with non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics performed worse at baseline on both MoCA formats and showed lower correlations between T-MoCA and in-person versions. Conclusions: The T-MoCA provides valuable information on cognitive change, despite racial/ethnic disparities and practice effects. We discuss implications for health disparity populations. Highlights: We assessed the comparability of Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) and in-person MoCA for tracking cognition.Changes within 3 years in T-MoCA were similar to that for the in-person MoCA.T-MoCA is subject to practice effects and shows difference in performance by race/ethnicity.Test-retest reliability of T-MoCA is lower than that for in-person MoCA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2832898-X
ISSN	2352-8729
ISSN	2352-8729
DOI	10.1002/dad2.12410
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Article ; Online: Does the Cognitive Change Index Predict Future Cognitive and Clinical Decline? Longitudinal Analysis in a Demographically Diverse Cohort.

Nester, Caroline O / Gao, Qi / Katz, Mindy J / Mogle, Jacqueline A / Wang, Cuiling / Derby, Carol A / Lipton, Richard B / Saykin, Andrew J / Rabin, Laura A

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

2024 Volume 98, Issue 1, Page(s) 319–332

Abstract: Background: The Cognitive Change Index (CCI) is a widely-used measure of self-perceived cognitive ability and change. Unfortunately, it is unclear if the CCI predicts future cognitive and clinical decline.: Objective: We evaluated baseline CCI to ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Cognitive Change Index (CCI) is a widely-used measure of self-perceived cognitive ability and change. Unfortunately, it is unclear if the CCI predicts future cognitive and clinical decline. Objective: We evaluated baseline CCI to predict transition from normal cognition to cognitive impairment in nondemented older adults and in predementia groups including, subjective cognitive decline, motoric cognitive risk syndrome, and mild cognitive impairment. Different versions of the CCI were assessed to uncover any differential risk sensitivity. We also examined the effect of ethnicity/race on CCI. Methods: Einstein Aging Study participants (N = 322, Mage = 77.57±4.96, % female=67.1, Meducation = 15.06±3.54, % non-Hispanic white = 46.3) completed an expanded 40-item CCI version (CCI-40) and neuropsychological evaluation (including Clinical Dementia Rating Scale [CDR], Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Craft Story) at baseline and annual follow-up (Mfollow - up=3.4 years). CCI-40 includes the original 20 items (CCI-20) and the first 12 memory items (CCI-12). Linear mixed effects models (LME) and generalized LME assessed the association of CCI total scores at baseline with rate of decline in neuropsychological tests and CDR. Results: In the overall sample and across predementia groups, the CCI was associated with rate of change in log odds on CDR, with higher CCI at baseline predicting faster increase in the odds of being impaired on CDR. The predictive validity of the CCI broadly held across versions (CCI-12, 20, 40) and ethnic/racial groups (non-Hispanic black and white). Conclusions: Self-perception of cognitive change on the CCI is a useful marker of dementia risk in demographically/clinically diverse nondemented samples. All CCI versions successfully predicted decline.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Cognition Disorders ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Cognition ; Aging
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1440127-7
ISSN	1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
ISSN (online)	1875-8908
ISSN	1387-2877
DOI	10.3233/JAD-230752
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Article ; Online: Features of daily social interactions that discriminate between older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment.

Zhaoyang, Ruixue / Sliwinski, Martin J / Martire, Lynn M / Katz, Mindy J / Scott, Stacey B

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

2021

Abstract: Objectives: Detecting subtle behavioral changes in everyday life as early signs of cognitive decline and impairment is important for effective early intervention against Alzheimer's disease. This study examined whether features of daily social ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Detecting subtle behavioral changes in everyday life as early signs of cognitive decline and impairment is important for effective early intervention against Alzheimer's disease. This study examined whether features of daily social interactions captured by ecological momentary assessments could serve as more sensitive behavioral markers to distinguish older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from those without MCI, as compared to conventional global measures of social relationships. Method: Participants were 311 community dwelling older adults (aged 70 to 90 years) who reported their social interactions and socializing activities five times daily for 14 consecutive days using smartphones. Results: Compared to those with normal cognitive function, older adults classified as MCI reported less frequent total and positive social interactions and less frequent in-person socializing activities on a daily basis. Older adults with and without MCI, however, did not show differences in most features of social relationships assessed by conventional global measures. Discussion: These results suggest that certain features of daily social interactions (quality and quantity) could serve as sensitive and ecologically valid behavioral markers to facilitate the detection of MCI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1223664-0
ISSN	1758-5368 ; 1079-5014
ISSN (online)	1758-5368
ISSN	1079-5014
DOI	10.1093/geronb/gbab019
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Article ; Online: Multicultural Healthy Diet to Reduce Cognitive Decline & Alzheimer's Disease Risk: Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin / Shaw, Pamela A / Hakun, Jonathan G / Katz, Mindy J / Wylie-Rosett, Judith / Sliwinski, Martin J

Contemporary clinical trials

2022 Volume 124, Page(s) 107006

Abstract: Background: Emerging evidence indicates that healthy dietary patterns are associated with higher cognitive status; however, few clinical trials have explored this association in diverse middle-aged adults before the onset of cognitive decline. We use ... ...

Abstract	Background: Emerging evidence indicates that healthy dietary patterns are associated with higher cognitive status; however, few clinical trials have explored this association in diverse middle-aged adults before the onset of cognitive decline. We use novel ambulatory methods to assess cognition in natural settings in tandem with diet recording. Aims: We investigate whether the Multicultural Healthy Diet Study to Reduce Cognitive Decline & Alzheimer's Disease Risk, a pilot randomized controlled trial of an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern compared to usual diet, can mitigate cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Disease risk in a diverse population of 40-65 year old adults in Bronx, New York. Methods: Primary cognitive outcomes assessed at nine months are collected in an ecological momentary assessment "measurement burst" design, over the course of participants' daily lives. These ultra-brief, ambulatory cognitive assessments examine processing speed, visuospatial working memory, short-term associative memory binding, long-term associative memory, and working memory capacity. Key secondary outcomes relate to comparing dietary intake between study arms with respect to cognitive outcomes. We assess diet with food records using the National Cancer Institute's Automated Self-Administered 24-h record and serum biomarkers. We further investigate the association of self-reported diet and dietary biomarkers with inflammatory-based biomarkers. Conclusion: This randomized controlled trial of diet and cognition for the first time combines novel measures of ambulatory cognitive assessment with web-based assessment of dietary intake recording. This new approach enabled the study to continue in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in remote format.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control ; Alzheimer Disease/psychology ; Diet, Healthy ; Pilot Projects ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control ; Cognition ; Biomarkers ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2182176-8
ISSN	1559-2030 ; 1551-7144
ISSN (online)	1559-2030
ISSN	1551-7144
DOI	10.1016/j.cct.2022.107006
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Article: Accounting for retest effects in cognitive testing with the Bayesian double exponential model via intensive measurement burst designs.

Oravecz, Zita / Harrington, Karra D / Hakun, Jonathan G / Katz, Mindy J / Wang, Cuiling / Zhaoyang, Ruixue / Sliwinski, Martin J

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2022 Volume 14, Page(s) 897343

Abstract: Monitoring early changes in cognitive performance is useful for studying cognitive aging as well as for detecting early markers of neurodegenerative diseases. Repeated evaluation of cognition via a measurement burst design can accomplish this goal. In ... ...

Abstract	Monitoring early changes in cognitive performance is useful for studying cognitive aging as well as for detecting early markers of neurodegenerative diseases. Repeated evaluation of cognition via a measurement burst design can accomplish this goal. In such design participants complete brief evaluations of cognition, multiple times per day for several days, and ideally, repeat the process once or twice a year. However, long-term cognitive change in such repeated assessments can be masked by short-term within-person variability and retest learning (practice) effects. In this paper, we show how a Bayesian double exponential model can account for retest gains across measurement bursts, as well as warm-up effects within a burst, while quantifying change across bursts in peak performance. We also highlight how this approach allows for the inclusion of person-level predictors and draw intuitive inferences on cognitive change with Bayesian posterior probabilities. We use older adults' performance on cognitive tasks of processing speed and spatial working memory to demonstrate how individual differences in peak performance and change can be related to predictors of aging such as biological age and mild cognitive impairment status.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2022.897343
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Article ; Online: Mentally Challenging Occupations Are Associated With More Rapid Cognitive Decline at Later Stages of Cognitive Aging.

Hyun, Jinshil / Katz, Mindy J / Lipton, Richard B / Sliwinski, Martin J

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

2019 Volume 76, Issue 4, Page(s) 671–680

Abstract: Objectives: Engaging in mentally challenging activities is associated with reduced risk for cognitive impairment and dementia; however, its association with rates of cognitive decline has been inconsistent. The aim of this study is to test whether ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Engaging in mentally challenging activities is associated with reduced risk for cognitive impairment and dementia; however, its association with rates of cognitive decline has been inconsistent. The aim of this study is to test whether working in mentally challenging occupations is related to rates of cognitive change at later older adulthood. Method: The sample consisted of 1,520 individuals (baseline mean age = 78.6 ± 5.1, range = 64-100) from the Einstein Aging Study. Occupation information of each participant was collected retrospectively and linked with the substantive complexity of work score from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Cognitive changes in memory, speed, and executive function (EF) domains were represented using two time metrics (i.e., time from retirement, time from study enrollment). Results: Results from mixed models showed that occupational complexity was associated with significantly faster rates of cognitive decline in speed and EF in the "time from retirement" model but not in the "time from baseline" model. Despite faster cognitive loss, the protective effect of occupational complexity persisted for decades after retirement due to higher initial levels of cognition. Discussion: The result suggests that protective factors for cognitive health may be associated with delayed onset but more rapid cognitive decline afterwards at later stages of cognitive aging.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cognitive Aging/psychology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Cognitive Reserve ; Disease Progression ; Executive Function ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Competency ; Occupations/classification ; Protective Factors ; Retirement/psychology ; Retirement/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1223664-0
ISSN	1758-5368 ; 1079-5014
ISSN (online)	1758-5368
ISSN	1079-5014
DOI	10.1093/geronb/gbz122
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