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Book ; Online: Publicly funded passenger transport services in Finland

Kauppila, Jari

(Discussion paper / International Transport Forum ; 2015-10)

2015

Abstract: In Finland, passenger transport services funded from public resources are not the responsibility of a single authority. Instead, a number of different authorities manage the administration, procurement and planning of a range of passenger transport ... ...

Author's details	Jari Kauppila
Series title	Discussion paper / International Transport Forum ; 2015-10
Abstract	In Finland, passenger transport services funded from public resources are not the responsibility of a single authority. Instead, a number of different authorities manage the administration, procurement and planning of a range of passenger transport services. In 2012, the Ministry of Transport and Communications appointed a rapporteur to examine whether publicly funded passenger transport services could be combined. The report concluded that there is a considerable savings potential, especially with more efficient procurement and planning of transport services (MINTC, 2013a). Reimbursement are estimated to total EUR 900 million by 2030, instead of projected EUR 1.4 billion through concentration of the administration and financing of passenger services for one authority, taking more advantage of the combination of different kinds of trips and encouraging passengers and authorities to organise their trips in a more efficient way. [...]
Keywords	Öffentlicher Verkehr ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Finnland
Language	English
Size	Online-Ressource (13 S.), graph. Darst.
Publisher	OECD
Publishing place	Paris
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Book ; Article ; Online: Publicly funded passenger transport services in Finland

Kauppila, Jari

2015

Abstract: The share of bus transport of total passenger transport (as a percentage of total inland passenger-kilometres) is slightly above EU average in Finland. Buses account for around 10% of total passenger transport, compared with the EU average of 9% in 2011. ...

Abstract	The share of bus transport of total passenger transport (as a percentage of total inland passenger-kilometres) is slightly above EU average in Finland. Buses account for around 10% of total passenger transport, compared with the EU average of 9% in 2011. The share of rail in total passenger transport, in turn, was 5% in 2011, below the EU average of 7%. Over 590 million passengers used public transport services in Finland in 2011. Buses carried nearly 60% of total number of passengers. However, in passenger-kilometres buses accounted for 41% of the total 11718 million passenger-km, while railways accounted for 34%.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Öffentlicher Verkehr ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Finnland
Language	English
Publisher	Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), International Transport Forum
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sudden cardiac death after alcohol intake: classification and autopsy findings.

Holmström, Lauri / Kauppila, Janna / Vähätalo, Juha / Pakanen, Lasse / Perkiömäki, Juha / Huikuri, Heikki / Junttila, Juhani

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 16771

Abstract: Alcohol is known to have an immediate effect on cardiac rhythm, and previous studies have found that a notable proportion of sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) occur after alcohol intake. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association ... ...

Abstract	Alcohol is known to have an immediate effect on cardiac rhythm, and previous studies have found that a notable proportion of sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) occur after alcohol intake. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between the timing of alcohol intake and SCD. Our study population is drawn from the Fingesture study, which includes 5869 consecutive SCD cases from Northern Finland who underwent medicolegal autopsy 1998-2017. Toxicological analysis was performed if there was any suspicion of toxic exposure, or if there was no obvious immediate cause of SCD at autopsy. We found that 1563 (27%) of all SCD victims had alcohol in blood or urine at autopsy (mean age (61 ± 10 years, 88% male). Eighty-six percent of alcohol-related SCD victims had higher urine alcohol concentration than blood alcohol concentration, referring to the late-stage inebriation. These results suggest that the majority of alcohol-related SCDs occur at the late stage of inebriation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Alcohols ; Autopsy ; Blood Alcohol Content ; Cause of Death ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Alcohols ; Blood Alcohol Content
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-20250-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Impact of multiplex respiratory virus testing on antimicrobial consumption in adults in acute care: a randomized clinical trial.

Saarela, E / Tapiainen, T / Kauppila, J / Pokka, T / Uhari, M / Kauma, H / Renko, M

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

2019 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 506–511

Abstract: Objectives: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is associated with development of antimicrobial resistance. In respiratory infections it is often difficult to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections, and empirical treatment is common. Enhanced ...

Abstract	Objectives: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is associated with development of antimicrobial resistance. In respiratory infections it is often difficult to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections, and empirical treatment is common. Enhanced viral testing is expected to clarify clinical decision-making and reduce the prescription of antibacterial agents, but the impact of such information on patient care is unclear. Methods: We conducted a (1:1) randomized controlled clinical trial involving 998 adults with respiratory symptoms, fever, chest pain or poor general condition in the emergency unit of a tertiary hospital. Multiplex PCR results for 496 patients were available in 24 hours (intervention group) and those for the remaining 502 patients were available in 7 days (control group). Our primary outcome measures were the duration of hospitalization and the consumption of antibiotics within 30 days of enrolment. Results: In all, 841 of 998 (84%) patients had respiratory symptoms at study entry. A respiratory virus was detected in 175 (17.5%). The mean duration of hospitalization was 4.2 days (SD 5.4) in the intervention group and 4.1 days (SD 4.9) in the control group (difference 0.1, 95% CI -0.5 to 0.6, p 0.810). The mean days on antibiotics were 11.3 days (SD 12.6) in the intervention group and 10.4 days (SD 11.4) in the control group (difference 0.9, 95% CI -0.6 to 2.4, p 0.235). Conclusions: Multiplex PCR testing for respiratory viruses with results available within 24 hours did not reduce the consumption of bacterial antibiotics or the length of hospital stay in adults presenting with respiratory symptoms, fever, chest pain or reduced general condition in acute care.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis ; Viruses/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1328418-6
ISSN	1469-0691 ; 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
ISSN (online)	1469-0691
ISSN	1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
DOI	10.1016/j.cmi.2019.09.013
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Article ; Online: Day-of-the-week variation of sudden unexpected cardiac death.

Latola, Hanna / Mattila, Severi M / Pakanen, Lasse / Holmström, Lauri / Kauppila, Janna / Ukkola, Olavi H / Junttila, M Juhani / Huikuri, Heikki V / Perkiömäki, Juha S

International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention

2024 Volume 20, Page(s) 200246

Abstract: Background: There has been some controversy about the day-of-the-week (septadian) variation of unexpected sudden cardiac death (SCD).: Methods: We evaluated the incidence of unexpected SCD on different days of the week in a consecutive series of 5869 ...

Abstract	Background: There has been some controversy about the day-of-the-week (septadian) variation of unexpected sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods: We evaluated the incidence of unexpected SCD on different days of the week in a consecutive series of 5869 SCD victims from Northern Finland [the FINGESTURE study (Finnish Genetic Study of Arrhythmic Events)]. As it is mandatory in Finland, a medico-legal autopsy was performed on all unexpected sudden death victims. The autopsies were performed between the years 1998-2017. Results: The mean incidence of unexpected SCD was higher at weekends (during the days from Friday to Sunday, peaking on Saturday) than during the days from Monday to Thursday (8.54 ± 0.72 vs. 7.22 ± 0.19 SCDs per day of the week per 100,000 inhabitants per year, p < 0.001). Regardless of sex or ischemic versus non-ischemic etiology of SCD, the distribution of the occurrence of SCD among the days of the week was similar compared with the whole SCD cohort. Conclusion: The incidence of unexpected SCD was highest at weekends (during the days from Friday to Sunday, peaking on Saturday).
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-4875
ISSN (online)	2772-4875
DOI	10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200246
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Impact of multiplex respiratory virus testing on antimicrobial consumption in adults in acute care: a randomized clinical trial

Saarela, E. / Tapiainen, T. / Kauppila, J. / Pokka, T. / Uhari, M. / Kauma, H. / Renko, M.

Clin. Microbiol. Infect.

Abstract	Objectives: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is associated with development of antimicrobial resistance. In respiratory infections it is often difficult to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections, and empirical treatment is common. Enhanced viral testing is expected to clarify clinical decision-making and reduce the prescription of antibacterial agents, but the impact of such information on patient care is unclear. Methods: We conducted a (1:1) randomized controlled clinical trial involving 998 adults with respiratory symptoms, fever, chest pain or poor general condition in the emergency unit of a tertiary hospital. Multiplex PCR results for 496 patients were available in 24 hours (intervention group) and those for the remaining 502 patients were available in 7 days (control group). Our primary outcome measures were the duration of hospitalization and the consumption of antibiotics within 30 days of enrolment. Results: In all, 841 of 998 (84%) patients had respiratory symptoms at study entry. A respiratory virus was detected in 175 (17.5%). The mean duration of hospitalization was 4.2 days (SD 5.4) in the intervention group and 4.1 days (SD 4.9) in the control group (difference 0.1, 95% CI –0.5 to 0.6, p 0.810). The mean days on antibiotics were 11.3 days (SD 12.6) in the intervention group and 10.4 days (SD 11.4) in the control group (difference 0.9, 95% CI –0.6 to 2.4, p 0.235). Conclusions: Multiplex PCR testing for respiratory viruses with results available within 24 hours did not reduce the consumption of bacterial antibiotics or the length of hospital stay in adults presenting with respiratory symptoms, fever, chest pain or reduced general condition in acute care.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #124886
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Oxidative Layer-By-Layer Multilayers Based on Metal Coordination: Influence of Intervening Graphene Oxide Layers.

Salomäki, Mikko / Kauppila, Jussi / Kankare, Jouko / Lukkari, Jukka

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

2018 Volume 34, Issue 44, Page(s) 13171–13182

Abstract: Layer-by-layer (LbL) fabricated oxidative multilayers consisting of successive layers of inorganic polyphosphate (PP) and Ce(IV) can electrolessly form thin conducting polymer films on their surface. We describe the effect of substituting every second PP ...

Abstract	Layer-by-layer (LbL) fabricated oxidative multilayers consisting of successive layers of inorganic polyphosphate (PP) and Ce(IV) can electrolessly form thin conducting polymer films on their surface. We describe the effect of substituting every second PP layer in the (PP/Ce) multilayers for graphene oxide (GO) as a means of modifying the structure and mechanical properties of these (GO/Ce/PP/Ce) films and enhancing their growth. Both types of LbL films are based on reversible coordinative bonding between the metal ions and the oxygen-bearing groups in PP and GO, instead of purely electrostatic interactions. The GO incorporation leads to the doubling of the areal mass density and to a dry film thickness close to 300 nm after 4 (GO/Ce/PP/Ce) tetralayers. The film roughness increases significantly with thickness. The (PP/Ce) films are soft materials with approximately equal shear storage and loss moduli, but the incorporation of GO doubles the storage modulus. PP displays a marked terminating layer effect and practically eliminates mechanical losses, making the (GO/Ce/PP/Ce) films almost pure soft elastomers. The smoothness of the (PP/Ce) films and the PP-termination effects are attributed to the reversible coordinative bonding. The (GO/Ce/PP/Ce) films oxidize pyrrole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and form polypyrrole and PEDOT films on their surfaces. These polymer films are considerably thicker than those formed using the (PP/Ce) multilayers with the same nominal amount of cerium layers. The GO sheets interfere with the polymerization reaction and make its kinetics biphasic. The (GO/Ce) multilayers without PP are brittle and thin.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2005937-1
ISSN	1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
ISSN (online)	1520-5827
ISSN	0743-7463
DOI	10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02784
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Article: Effective protection, prices and GDP growth

Kauppila, Jari

Managing crises and de-globalisation : Nordic foreign trade and exchange, 1919 - 39 , p. 52-65

tariffs in Finland during the interwar period

2010 , Page(s) 52–65

Author's details	Jari Kauppila
Keywords	Finnland ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Protektionismus ; Zoll ; Preisniveau ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Kleine offene Volkswirtschaft ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte
Language	English
Size	graph. Darst.
Publisher	Routledge
Publishing place	London [u.a.]
Document type	Article
ISBN	0-415-56172-8 ; 978-0-415-56172-3
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Health-related quality of life following total minimally invasive, hybrid minimally invasive or open oesophagectomy: a population-based cohort study.

Klevebro, F / Kauppila, J H / Markar, S / Johar, A / Lagergren, P

The British journal of surgery

2020 Volume 108, Issue 6, Page(s) 702–708

Abstract: Background: Minimally invasive oesophagectomy has been shown to reduce the risk of pulmonary complications compared with open oesophagectomy, but the effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oesophageal cancer survivorship remain unclear. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Minimally invasive oesophagectomy has been shown to reduce the risk of pulmonary complications compared with open oesophagectomy, but the effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oesophageal cancer survivorship remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal effects of minimally invasive compared with open oesophagectomy for cancer on HRQoL. Methods: All patients who had surgery for oesophageal cancer in Sweden from January 2013 to April 2018 were identified. The exposure was total or hybrid minimally invasive oesophagectomy, compared with open surgery. The study outcome was HRQoL, evaluated by means of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OG25 at 1 and 2 years after surgery. Mean differences and 95 per cent confidence intervals were adjusted for confounders. Results: Of the 246 patients recruited, 153 underwent minimally invasive oesophagectomy, of which 75 were hybrid minimally invasive and 78 were total minimally invasive procedures. After adjustment for age, sex, Charlson Co-morbidity Index score, pathological tumour stage and neoadjuvant therapy, there were no clinically and statistically significant differences in overall or disease-specific HRQoL after oesophagectomy between hybrid minimally invasive and total minimally invasive surgical technique versus open surgery. Conclusion: In this population-based nationwide Swedish study, longitudinal HRQoL after minimally invasive oesophagectomy was similar to that of the open surgical approach.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery ; Esophagectomy/adverse effects ; Esophagectomy/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2985-3
ISSN	1365-2168 ; 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
ISSN (online)	1365-2168
ISSN	0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
DOI	10.1002/bjs.11998
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Article: Quantifying the relative importance of export industries in a small open economy during the great depression of the 1930s

Kauppila, Jari

Cliometrica Vol. 3, No. 3 , p. 245-273

an input-output approach

2009 Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) 245–273

Author's details	Jari Kauppila
Keywords	Wirtschaftskrise ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Exportwirtschaft ; Input-Output-Analyse ; Finnland
Language	English
Size	graph. Darst.
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	Berlin ; Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2299998X ; 2365063-1
ISSN	1863-2513 ; 1863-2505
ISSN (online)	1863-2513
ISSN	1863-2505
Database	ECONomics Information System

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