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  1. Article ; Online: Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants

    Kaushal, M.

    Frontiers in Microbiology

    2021  

    Abstract: Salt stress threatens the achievement of sustainable global food security goals by inducing secondary stresses, such as osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Various studies have reported the ... ...

    Abstract Salt stress threatens the achievement of sustainable global food security goals by inducing secondary stresses, such as osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Various studies have reported the beneficial roles of microbes in ameliorating salt stress in plants. This review emphasizes salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (STEM) in microbially inoculated (MI) plants that ensure plant growth and survival. Well-established STEM have been documented in MI plants and include conglomeration of osmolytes, antioxidant barricading, recuperating nutritional status, and ionic homeostasis. This is achieved via involvement of P solubilization, siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, selective ion absorption, volatile organic compound production, exopolysaccharide production, modifications to plant physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance), and molecular alterations to alter various biochemical and physiological processes. Salt tolerance and endurance mechanism in MI plants ensures plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and maintaining ionic homeostasis, promoting superior water use efficiency and osmoprotection, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, preserving cell ultrastructure, and reinforcing antioxidant metabolism. Molecular research in MI plants under salt stress conditions has found variations in the expression profiles of genes such as HKT1, NHX, and SOS1 (ion transporters), PIPs and TIPs (aquaporins), RBCS, RBCL (RuBisCo subunits), Lipoxygenase2 [jasmonic acid (JA) signaling], ABA (abscisic acid)-responsive gene, and APX, CAT, and POD (involved in antioxidant defense). Proteomic analysis in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated plants revealed upregulated expression of signal transduction proteins, including Ca2+ transporter ATPase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin, and energy-related proteins (NADH dehydrogenase, iron-sulfur protein NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, and ATP synthase). Future ...
    Keywords osmotic stress ; microorganisms ; food security ; photosynthesis ; salt tolerance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-08T13:28:32Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Pure elongation flow of an electrorheological fluid: insights on wall slip from electrorheology.

    Chaudhary, Ishu / Kaushal, Manish

    Soft matter

    2024  Volume 20, Issue 15, Page(s) 3313–3321

    Abstract: In this work we study the pure elongation flow behavior of an electrorheological (ER) fluid as a model soft-jammed system, wherein the extent of jamming is controlled by an externally applied electric-field. More specifically, a pure elongation flow has ... ...

    Abstract In this work we study the pure elongation flow behavior of an electrorheological (ER) fluid as a model soft-jammed system, wherein the extent of jamming is controlled by an externally applied electric-field. More specifically, a pure elongation flow has been achieved by facilitating significant slip at the contact between the material and rheometer-plate while pulling it with constant pulling velocity under a constant external electric-field. The normal force exerted by the top plate on the material was measured as a function of gap during the flow for various combinations of electric-field strength and pulling velocity. For any force-gap curve, at first force increases to the maximum (region-I), then it decreases with gap (region-II). In region-II, the normal force-gap curve shifts to higher gaps with increasing electric-field strength for any given pulling velocity. Interestingly, these curves (region-II) demonstrate gap-electric field-velocity superposition, manifesting the self-similar nature of the flow. Finally, we have modeled the flow curves using a slip-layer model, which rendered a remarkable prediction of flow curves and also led to estimation of slip-layer thickness. We observed that slip-layer thickness decreases with increasing magnitude of electric field for a given pulling velocity, which suggests that the extent of jamming plays a crucial role in slip dynamics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2191476-X
    ISSN 1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
    ISSN (online) 1744-6848
    ISSN 1744-683X
    DOI 10.1039/d3sm01448g
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  3. Article ; Online: Endophytic animations to blossom sub-Saharan agriculture

    Kaushal, M.

    2020  

    Abstract: Sub-Saharan regions are exceptional ecosystems in which crop plants suffer from dual impairment of low soil fertility and gate crasher phytopathogens. Worldwide common practice of intensive agriculture with the use of agrochemical inputs is ground ... ...

    Abstract Sub-Saharan regions are exceptional ecosystems in which crop plants suffer from dual impairment of low soil fertility and gate crasher phytopathogens. Worldwide common practice of intensive agriculture with the use of agrochemical inputs is ground lacking truth for the small holder farmers of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that are entirely committed on agriculture for their livelihoods. Considering economically and feasibility terms of food security for small holder farmers, an urgent switching on alternative is a compulsion. From decades, endophytic microbiome has been linked to host for improved production and maintenance of plant health. These novel microbial troops inhabit plant tissues, thus receive shelter and more access to nutrients. With these supplementary benefits endophytes are more superior as compared to another microbiota. In present review we focused the hardball played by endophytes and their mechanisms in plant growth and development. We also depict the endophytic significance in overcoming the issues of food security in the crops that economically sound and ensure long-term sustainability for the small holder farmers of SSA.
    Keywords endophytes ; bacterial diseases ; food security ; disease control ; fungi ; dna
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-02T09:55:18Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Climatic resilient agriculture for root, tuber, and banana crops using plant growth-promoting microbes

    Kaushal, M.

    2019  

    Abstract: Plant growth-promoting microbes function as bacterial inoculants and contribute to the enhancement of agronomic efficacy by lowering production costs and environmental pollution. Interactions between plants and microbes are either antagonistic or ... ...

    Abstract Plant growth-promoting microbes function as bacterial inoculants and contribute to the enhancement of agronomic efficacy by lowering production costs and environmental pollution. Interactions between plants and microbes are either antagonistic or synergistic within soil. The efficiency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria may vary due to environmental factors and is directly proportional to the growth and yield of plants. Also, constant maintenance of global food security has become a major challenge. Biodiversity is regarded as one of the most effective alternatives for climate change resilient farming systems. Plant growth-promoting microbes also facilitate crop growth under diverse stress conditions and mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change. In the present chapter, the possible intervention of beneficial microbes on climate change in relation to plant growth and yield is reviewed. Focus has been given to the negative pressure applied by climate change on crops grown in sub-Saharan Africa and possible remedies for this using beneficial microbial strains.
    Keywords soil ; climate change ; africa south of sahara ; sustainable agriculture ; biodiversity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-31T10:20:42Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Portraying rhizobacterial mechanisms in drought tolerance

    Kaushal, M.

    a way forward toward sustainable agriculture

    2019  

    Abstract: Drought stress creates water deficit conditions which negatively affect physiological and biochemical processes that ultimately impede crop production. Recent research investigations have revealed that rhizobacterial inoculation of plants induces defense ...

    Abstract Drought stress creates water deficit conditions which negatively affect physiological and biochemical processes that ultimately impede crop production. Recent research investigations have revealed that rhizobacterial inoculation of plants induces defense responses or drought tolerance in plants through various morphological and biochemical modifications resulting in enhanced tolerance to drought stress collectively referred as RIDER (rhizobacterial induced drought endurance and resilience). This review is an attempt to elucidate the understanding of RIDER mechanisms attributed by rhizobacteria in plants. Recent studies at molecular level revealed insights into the signaling networks of rhizobacterial interactions that contribute to drought tolerance. The RIDER mechanisms boost major physiological processes such as water uptake and source-sink relationships that enhance plant growth. This results in improved antioxidant activity, compatible solute accumulation that reduces osmotic stress caused by water deficit. In addition, phytohormonal modifications and extracellular rhizobacterial secretions also contribute to ensure plant survival during drought stress.
    Keywords drought stress ; oxidative stress ; plant growth substances ; sustainable agriculture
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-26T10:00:54Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Microbes in cahoots with plants

    Kaushal, M.

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    MIST to hit the jackpot of agricultural productivity during drought

    2019  

    Abstract: Drought conditions marked by water deficit impede plant growth thus causing recurrent decline in agricultural productivity. Presently, research efforts are focussed towards harnessing the potential of microbes to enhance crop production during drought. ... ...

    Abstract Drought conditions marked by water deficit impede plant growth thus causing recurrent decline in agricultural productivity. Presently, research efforts are focussed towards harnessing the potential of microbes to enhance crop production during drought. Microbial communities, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) buddy up with plants to boost crop productivity during drought via microbial induced systemic tolerance (MIST). The present review summarizes MIST mechanisms during drought comprised of modulation in phytohormonal profiles, sturdy antioxidant defence, osmotic grapnel, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) or AMF glomalin production, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), expression of fungal aquaporins and stress responsive genes, which alters various physiological processes such as hydraulic conductance, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and photosynthesis in host plants. Molecular studies have revealed microbial induced differential expression of various genes such as ERD15 (Early Response to Dehydration 15), RAB18 (ABA-responsive gene) in Arabidopsis, COX1 (regulates energy and carbohydrate metabolism), PKDP (protein kinase), AP2-EREBP (stress responsive pathway), Hsp20, bZIP1 and COC1 (chaperones in ABA signalling) in Pseudomonas fluorescens treated rice, LbKT1, LbSKOR (encoding potassium channels) in Lycium, PtYUC3 and PtYUC8 (IAA biosynthesis) in AMF inoculated Poncirus, ADC, AIH, CPA, SPDS, SPMS and SAMDC (polyamine biosynthesis) in PGPR inoculated Arabidopsis, 14-3-3 genes (TFT1-TFT12 genes in ABA signalling pathways) in AMF treated Solanum, ACO, ACS (ethylene biosynthesis), jasmonate MYC2 gene in chick pea, PR1 (SA regulated gene), pdf1.2 (JA marker genes) and VSP1 (ethylene-response gene) in Pseudomonas treated Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, the key role of miRNAs in MIST has also been recorded in Pseudomonas putida RA treated chick pea plants.
    Keywords stomatal conductance ; climate change ; drought ; soil water ; drought tolerance ; agricultural production
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-10T10:23:15Z
    Publisher MDPI
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Role of microbes in plant protection using intersection of nanotechnology and biology

    Kaushal, M.

    2019  

    Abstract: Plant pathogens are one of the dominating components which restrain crop productivity. Preliminary step headed for managing plant disease is to accurately recognize the pathogen under lab, glasshouse, and field conditions. Modern approach, such as ... ...

    Abstract Plant pathogens are one of the dominating components which restrain crop productivity. Preliminary step headed for managing plant disease is to accurately recognize the pathogen under lab, glasshouse, and field conditions. Modern approach, such as culture-based, antibody-based rapid methods and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), entrusts on multiple assays to precisely identify the specific plant pathogens which are further time-consuming and lack high sensitivity. Nanobiotechnology ameliorates crop productivity through transmission of genes to target sites for breeding of varieties resistant to different plant pathogens with focus on improving sensitivity. Intersection of nanotechnology and biology also improves specificity and agility of pathogen detection which further facilitates crop disease management. Bio-fabrication of nanoparticles like silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) is used as novel antimicrobials for the management of pathogenic microorganisms that inhibits fungal hyphae and conidial germination in agricultural crops. Biological agents reduce metal which leads to capping of nanoparticles through the secretion of various enzymes. A modern class of protein nanocompartments called as encapsulins that encapsulate cargo proteins are found in bacteria and archaea. Nanobiotechnology also reduces detection times of crop pathogens and cost by the development of biosensors and phage proteins. In this chapter we emphasize on microbial semblance in nanobiotechnology applications that precede to integrated disease management of agricultural crops including precise diagnostic layout of plant diseases and modification of crop environments to adversely affect crop pathogens.
    Keywords nanoparticulas ; microorganisms ; plant protection ; climate change ; biodiversity ; nanobiotechnology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-28T07:56:21Z
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Insights Into Microbially Induced Salt Tolerance and Endurance Mechanisms (STEM) in Plants.

    Kaushal, Manoj

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 1518

    Abstract: Salt stress threatens the achievement of sustainable global food security goals by inducing secondary stresses, such as osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Various studies have reported the ... ...

    Abstract Salt stress threatens the achievement of sustainable global food security goals by inducing secondary stresses, such as osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Various studies have reported the beneficial roles of microbes in ameliorating salt stress in plants. This review emphasizes salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (STEM) in microbially inoculated (MI) plants that ensure plant growth and survival. Well-established STEM have been documented in MI plants and include conglomeration of osmolytes, antioxidant barricading, recuperating nutritional status, and ionic homeostasis. This is achieved via involvement of P solubilization, siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, selective ion absorption, volatile organic compound production, exopolysaccharide production, modifications to plant physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance), and molecular alterations to alter various biochemical and physiological processes. Salt tolerance and endurance mechanism in MI plants ensures plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and maintaining ionic homeostasis, promoting superior water use efficiency and osmoprotection, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, preserving cell ultrastructure, and reinforcing antioxidant metabolism. Molecular research in MI plants under salt stress conditions has found variations in the expression profiles of genes such as
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01518
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Intramuscular anti-D treatment for immune thrombocytopenia.

    Woo, Emily Jane / Kaushal, Megha

    British journal of haematology

    2023  Volume 203, Issue 4, Page(s) e109

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy ; Thrombocytopenia/therapy ; Rho(D) Immune Globulin
    Chemical Substances RHO(D) antibody ; Rho(D) Immune Globulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80077-6
    ISSN 1365-2141 ; 0007-1048
    ISSN (online) 1365-2141
    ISSN 0007-1048
    DOI 10.1111/bjh.19091
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Microbes in Cahoots with Plants: MIST to Hit the Jackpot of Agricultural Productivity during Drought.

    Kaushal, Manoj

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 7

    Abstract: Drought conditions marked by water deficit impede plant growth thus causing recurrent decline in agricultural productivity. Presently, research efforts are focussed towards harnessing the potential of microbes to enhance crop production during drought. ... ...

    Abstract Drought conditions marked by water deficit impede plant growth thus causing recurrent decline in agricultural productivity. Presently, research efforts are focussed towards harnessing the potential of microbes to enhance crop production during drought. Microbial communities, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) buddy up with plants to boost crop productivity during drought via microbial induced systemic tolerance (MIST). The present review summarizes MIST mechanisms during drought comprised of modulation in phytohormonal profiles, sturdy antioxidant defence, osmotic grapnel, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) or AMF glomalin production, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), expression of fungal aquaporins and stress responsive genes, which alters various physiological processes such as hydraulic conductance, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and photosynthesis in host plants. Molecular studies have revealed microbial induced differential expression of various genes such as
    MeSH term(s) Dehydration/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Mycorrhizae/metabolism ; Plant Development ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/biosynthesis ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/metabolism ; Pseudomonas putida/metabolism ; Soil Microbiology
    Chemical Substances Plant Growth Regulators ; Plant Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms20071769
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