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Article ; Online: Do Rating Change Announcements Transfer Effective Information? Test on the Effectiveness and Sustainability of Credit Rating in China

Ke Sun

Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 14086, p

2022 Volume 14086

Abstract: China is commonly viewed as a country with weak legal institutions and disclosure regulations. The validity and effectiveness of credit rating in China are controversial topics. Bond ratings provide information about the quality and marketability of bond ...

Abstract	China is commonly viewed as a country with weak legal institutions and disclosure regulations. The validity and effectiveness of credit rating in China are controversial topics. Bond ratings provide information about the quality and marketability of bond issues. This paper studies the effects of rating change announcements on the price of fixed-income enterprise bonds to test the effectiveness and sustainability of credit rating in China. The results show that upgrade and downgrade announcements have an asymmetric effect on bond prices. Downgrade announcements have transferred new information to the market, resulting in statistically significant negative effects, yet upgrade announcements do not have statistically obvious effects on bond prices. That the average cumulative abnormal returns two days before and on the day of the announcement are statistically insignificant implies that the rating information might not be leaked out before the announcement. The results indicate that the pricing function of credit rating has taken effect, and the effectiveness of the market has been improved over the years. The strengthening of regulations and supervision of the Chinese government toward the credit rating industry may help reinforce the sustainability of the industry and the bond market. The cross-sectional results suggest the market responses are more intense to unpredicted changes of ratings, and investors and portfolio managers should pay more attention to the bonds that have been downgraded for several levels from initial ratings.
Keywords	fixed-income enterprise bonds ; credit rating ; effectiveness ; sustainability ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	332
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: GRACE time-variable gravity and its application to geoscience

Cao Liu / WenKe Sun

Earth and Planetary Physics, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 295-

Quantitative analysis of relevant literature

2023 Volume 309

Abstract: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) is the most important gravity satellite to date in human history. Since its launch in 2002, GRACE time-varying gravity has had an unprecedented impact on earth science and has generated revolutionary ... ...

Abstract	The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) is the most important gravity satellite to date in human history. Since its launch in 2002, GRACE time-varying gravity has had an unprecedented impact on earth science and has generated revolutionary changes. Because of natural phenomena such as climate warming, glacial melting, sea level rise, and earthquakes, earth science research has become an increasingly popular discipline in recent years. This article summarizes the importance of GRACE time-varying gravity, its application to geoscience, and its development. We analyzed the historical development and current status of GRACE time-varying gravity as well as research hotspots by searching the literature in the core collection databases of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Web of Science over the past 20 years. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer software packages were applied with reference to the principle of literature metrology. Our investigation and analysis of characteristic indexes, such as the numbers of publications, co-occurrence of keywords, and co-citation of documents, uncovered the wide application and promotion of gravity satellites, especially GRACE time-varying gravity, in earth science. The results showed that the number of publications addressing GRACE data and time-varying gravity theory is increasing annually and that the USA, China, and Germany are the main producers. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States, and the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres rank among the top three institutions in the world in terms of producing the most publications on this topic. We found that GRACE time-varying gravity plays unique roles in measuring changes in terrestrial water storage changes, ice and snow melting and sea level changes, and (co)seismic gravity changes, as well as in promoting other disciplines.
Keywords	gravity recovery and climate experiment (grace) ; gravity recovery and climate experiment follow-on (grace-fo) ; time-varying gravity ; bibliometry ; mass change ; citespace ; vosviewer ; Science ; Q ; Geophysics. Cosmic physics ; QC801-809 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	001
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Science Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Characterization of thermal infrared medium- and short-term anomaly information from block to fault in mainland China

Jingye Zhang / Ke Sun / Chen Du / Junqing Zhu

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: The relationship between satellite thermal infrared anomalies and earthquakes or fault activity has been studied for more than 30 years. In this study, five strong earthquakes (the MS6.1 earthquake in Biru, Tibet; the MS7.4 earthquake in Madoi, Qinghai; ... ...

Abstract	The relationship between satellite thermal infrared anomalies and earthquakes or fault activity has been studied for more than 30 years. In this study, five strong earthquakes (the MS6.1 earthquake in Biru, Tibet; the MS7.4 earthquake in Madoi, Qinghai; the MS6.0 earthquake in Delingha, Qinghai; the MS6.1 earthquake in Lushan, Sichuan; and the MS6.8 earthquake in Luding, Sichuan) that occurred on the western mainland of China over the past 2 years were studied. Based on monthly MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data and daily NOAA satellite longwave radiation data, the departure algorithm and the Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) algorithm were used to extract and analyze the characteristics of thermal infrared anomaly information for blocks and faults around the earthquake from different temporal and spatial scales. The results showed the following: 1) In the medium-term scale study based on monthly data, blocks near the epicenters of five earthquakes showed temperature increase anomalies of 1–6 months before the earthquakes; the areas of temperature increase anomalies were clearly controlled by the spatial distribution of the blocks, and earthquakes mostly occurred within blocks with frequent temperature increase anomalies. 2) In the short-term, thermal infrared anomaly feature tracking based on daily data meant that obvious thermal anomalies were also found. The thermal anomalies before the five seismic events all appeared within a period of 3 months before the earthquake, and there were multiple consecutive days of anomalies. The significant temperature increases generally occurred a month before the earthquake, and the distribution of the anomalies was mostly in the form of strips, which is basically consistent with the trend of the fault zone. The use of thermal infrared remote sensing data to summarize the dynamic evolution of thermal infrared anomalies of blocks and faults before strong earthquakes can provide a basis for the long-term monitoring of fault activity and seismic monitoring by satellite ...
Keywords	thermal infrared remote sensing ; tectogenesis ; earthquake ; thermal anomaly ; spatio-temporal correlation analysis ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Improvement of Blocked Long-Straight Flow Channels in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using CFD Modeling, Artificial Neural Network, and Genetic Algorithm

Guodong Zhang / Changjiang Wang / Shuzhan Bai / Guoxiang Li / Ke Sun / Hao Cheng

Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 1, p

2024 Volume 428

Abstract: To further improve the performance of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), in this paper, we designed a blocked flow channel with trapezoidal baffles, and geometric parameters of the baffle were optimized based on CFD simulation, Artificial ... ...

Abstract	To further improve the performance of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), in this paper, we designed a blocked flow channel with trapezoidal baffles, and geometric parameters of the baffle were optimized based on CFD simulation, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and single-objective optimization methods. The analysis of velocity, pressure, and oxygen distribution in the cathode flow channel shows that the optimized trapezoidal baffle can improve oxygen transport during the reaction. The comparison of the optimization model with the straight flow channel model and the rectangular baffle model shows that the power density of the optimized model is 4.0% higher than that of the straight flow channel model at a voltage of 0.3 V, and the pressure drop is only 37.83% of that of the rectangular baffle model. For on-road PEMFC with a voltage of 0.6 V, the influence of pump power is significant, and the optimized trapezoidal baffle model has a net power increase of 1.47% compared to the rectangular baffle model at 50% pump efficiency and 3.94% at 30% pump efficiency.
Keywords	PEMFC ; baffle ; CFD ; ANN ; flow channel ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Preferential deposition of buoyant small microplastics in surface sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: Insights from biomineralization.

Li, Yang / Ke, Sun / Xu, Dongyu / Zhuo, Haihua / Liu, Xiaobo / Gao, Bo

Journal of hazardous materials

2024 Volume 468, Page(s) 133693

Abstract: Sediments act as sinks of microplastics (MPs) derived from terrestrial ecosystems. However, the fate and transport of MPs at the zone of sediment-overlying water in reservoir environment are poorly understood. Here, the MPs distribution patterns in ... ...

Abstract	Sediments act as sinks of microplastics (MPs) derived from terrestrial ecosystems. However, the fate and transport of MPs at the zone of sediment-overlying water in reservoir environment are poorly understood. Here, the MPs distribution patterns in surface sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) and dominant mechanisms responsible for the sinking of MPs at the zone of sediment-overlying water were comprehensively investigated. The predominant occurrence of small microplastics (<300 µm, SMPs) in surface sediments of the TGR was found, with buoyant polyethene (PE) was dominant polymer types. Interestingly, the high abundance of SMPs in sediments correlated well with the Ca
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133693
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Mechanisms of Scarring in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Ke Sun / Qionghong Xie / Chuan-Ming Hao

Kidney Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp 350-

2021 Volume 358

Abstract: Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histologic pattern characterized by focal glomerular scarring, which often progresses to systemic and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. Previous studies have emphasized that the initiation of classic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histologic pattern characterized by focal glomerular scarring, which often progresses to systemic and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. Previous studies have emphasized that the initiation of classic FSGS occurs in podocytes. The dysfunction and loss of podocytes have been associated with the development of proteinuria and the progression of various diseases. In addition, primary, secondary, and genetic FSGS are caused by different mechanisms of podocyte injury. Summary: The potential sources and mechanism of podocyte supplementation are the focus of our current research. Increasing attention has been paid to the role played by parietal epithelial cells (PECs) during the progression of FSGS. PECs are not only the primary influencing factors in glomerulosclerosis lesions but also have repair abilities, which remain a focus of debate. Notably, other resident glomerular cells also play significant roles in the progression of this disease. Key Message: In this review, we focus on the mechanism of scarring in FSGS and discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies.
Keywords	focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ; podocytes ; parietal epithelial cells ; therapeutic strategies ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Karger Publishers
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Two-Stage Stackelberg Game Wind-Storage Planning Model Considering a Bus Carbon Intensity Incentive Mechanism

Junpei Nan / Jieran Feng / Li Guan / Ke Sun / Xu Deng / Hao Zhou

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 3710, p

2023 Volume 3710

Abstract: In the trend of power system decarbonization, wind power and energy storage planning studies are in full swing. Incentives for wind power and energy storage development are important research topics. However, most studies have proposed incentives from an ...

Abstract	In the trend of power system decarbonization, wind power and energy storage planning studies are in full swing. Incentives for wind power and energy storage development are important research topics. However, most studies have proposed incentives from an energy perspective, and few focus directly on incentives from a carbon perspective. To this end, this paper proposes a novel unified bus carbon intensity incentive mechanism from the carbon perspective. A two-stage Stackelberg game wind storage planning model that considers the proposed carbon incentive mechanism is constructed. In the first stage, the carbon flow of the entire system is obtained following economic dispatch based on the carbon emission flow theory. In the second stage, a Stackelberg game wind-storage planning model is constructed to model the game between the power generation company and the power grid company. Through simulation analyses of these cases, the proposed incentive mechanism can effectively guide the construction of wind turbines and energy storage at the best buses. Additionally, by comparing the proposed incentive with the existing incentive mechanisms, this paper finds that the proposed incentive mechanism can achieve a higher carbon reduction effect with a similar total investment in wind turbines and energy storage.
Keywords	bus carbon intensity incentive mechanism ; carbon emission flow theory ; Stackelberg game ; power system ; wind storage planning ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Catchment-wide flooding significantly altered microplastics organization in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir

Yalan Chen / Bo Gao / Dongyu Xu / Ke Sun / Yanyan Li

iScience, Vol 25, Iss 6, Pp 104401- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Summary: Hydro-fluctuation belt (HFB) is the most sensitive area of a large reservoir. This research aimed to identify the impact of catastrophic flooding on the local microplastics organization in the HFB soil of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the largest ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Hydro-fluctuation belt (HFB) is the most sensitive area of a large reservoir. This research aimed to identify the impact of catastrophic flooding on the local microplastics organization in the HFB soil of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the largest reservoir in China. We found that the catchment-wide flooding efficiently alleviated the local microplastics abundance from 7,633 to 4,875 items/kg (from 44 to 18 mg/kg) but added to the pollution risk in the reservoir body. After flooding, the overall size distribution of local microplastics was minimally altered. Interestingly, the preferential retention of the small-sized polyethylene was found in HFB after flooding. Approximately 5.0×1014 items (∼2,360 tons) of microplastics were evacuated into the reservoir, equivalent to 15.8 wt% of the plastic flux of the Yangtze River into the ocean. We observed that HFB is a significant source of local microplastics in reservoir, and the long-term source–sink transformation mechanism in the HFB should be further investigated.
Keywords	Earth sciences ; Environmental science ; Environmental chemistry ; Pollution ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Multi-scale guided feature extraction and classification algorithm for hyperspectral images

Shiqi Huang / Ying Lu / Wenqing Wang / Ke Sun

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract To solve the problem that the traditional hyperspectral image classification method cannot effectively distinguish the boundary of objects with a single scale feature, which leads to low classification accuracy, this paper introduces the idea of ...

Abstract	Abstract To solve the problem that the traditional hyperspectral image classification method cannot effectively distinguish the boundary of objects with a single scale feature, which leads to low classification accuracy, this paper introduces the idea of guided filtering into hyperspectral image classification, and then proposes a multi-scale guided feature extraction and classification (MGFEC) algorithm for hyperspectral images. Firstly, the principal component analysis theory is used to reduce the dimension of hyperspectral image data. Then, guided filtering algorithm is used to achieve multi-scale spatial structure extraction of hyperspectral image by setting different sizes of filtering windows, so as to retain more edge details. Finally, the extracted multi-scale features are input into the support vector machine classifier for classification. Several practical hyperspectral image datasets were used to verify the experiment, and compared with other spectral feature extraction algorithms. The experimental results show that the multi-scale features extracted by the MGFEC algorithm proposed in this paper are more accurate than those extracted by only using spectral information, which leads to the improvement of the final classification accuracy. This fully shows that the proposed method is not only effective, but also suitable for processing different hyperspectral image data.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Long noncoding RNA CASC2 suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by increasing SOCS1 expression

Ke Sun / Guangping Zhang

Cell & Bioscience, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Objective Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis. LncRNA Cancer Susceptibility ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Objective Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis. LncRNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 2 (CASC2) has been demonstrated to act as a tumor suppressor contributing to the development and progression of several cancers. However, the functional significance and underlying mechanism of CASC2 in ESCC progression has not been well elucidated. Methods The expression levels of CASC2 in ESCC tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. CASC2 overexpression and knockdown models were established and used to investigate the functional role of CASC2 in ESCC cells. RIP, RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase assay was used to detect the association between CASC2 and miR-155. The interaction between CASC2 and Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) was assessed by RIP and RNA pull-down assays. Results In the present study, we found that CASC2 was significantly downregulated in ESCC tissues and positively correlated with overall survival time of patients with ESCC. Functional assays demonstrated that CASC2 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as enhanced drug sensitivity in ESCC cells. Mechanistically, CASC2 inhibited ESCC progression by upregulating the expression of SOCS1 via two different ways. CASC2 acted as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-155 to post-transcriptionally increase SOCS1 expression. On the other hand, CASC2 was capable of interacting with SOCS1 protein and suppressing its degradation. Conclusion Conclusively, these results demonstrated that CASC2 could exert as a tumor suppressive lncRNA in ESCC progression via regulating SOCS1.
Keywords	SOCS1 ; Protein stability ; ceRNA ; Drug sensitivity ; Biotechnology ; TP248.13-248.65 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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