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  1. Article: Predicting livestock behaviour using accelerometers: A systematic review of processing techniques for ruminant behaviour prediction from raw accelerometer data

    Riaboff, L. / Shalloo, L. / Smeaton, A.F. / Couvreur, S. / Madouasse, A. / Keane, M.T.

    Computers and electronics in agriculture. 2022 Jan., v. 192

    2022  

    Abstract: Precision Technologies are emerging in the context of livestock farming to improve management practices and the health and welfare of livestock through monitoring individual animal behaviour. Continuously collecting information about livestock behaviour ... ...

    Abstract Precision Technologies are emerging in the context of livestock farming to improve management practices and the health and welfare of livestock through monitoring individual animal behaviour. Continuously collecting information about livestock behaviour is a promising way to address several of these target areas. Wearable accelerometer sensors are currently the most promising system to capture livestock behaviour. Accelerometer data should be analysed properly to obtain reliable information on livestock behaviour. Many studies are emerging on this subject, but none to date has highlighted which techniques to recommend or avoid. In this paper, we systematically review the literature on the prediction of livestock behaviour from raw accelerometer data, with a specific focus on livestock ruminants. Our review is based on 66 surveyed articles, providing reliable evidence of a 3-step methodology common to all studies, namely (1) Data Collection, (2) Data Pre-Processing and (3) Model Development, with different techniques used at each of the 3 steps. The aim of this review is thus to (i) summarise the predictive performance of models and point out the main limitations of the 3-step methodology, (ii) make recommendations on a methodological blueprint for future studies and (iii) propose lines to explore in order to address the limitations outlined. This review shows that the 3-step methodology ensures that several major ruminant behaviours can be reliably predicted, such as grazing/eating, ruminating, moving, lying or standing. However, the areas faces two main limitations: (i) Most models are less accurate on rarely observed or transitional behaviours, behaviours may be important for assessing health, welfare and environmental issues and (ii) many models exhibit poor generalisation, that can compromise their commercial use. To overcome these limitations we recommend maximising variability in the data collected, selecting pre-processing methods that are appropriate to target behaviours being studied, and using classifiers that avoid over-fitting to improve generalisability. This review presents the current situation involving the use of sensors as valuable tools in the field of behaviour recording and contributes to the improvement of existing tools for automatically monitoring ruminant behaviour in order to address some of the issues faced by livestock farming.
    Keywords accelerometers ; agriculture ; animal behavior ; data collection ; electronics ; livestock ; prediction ; ruminants ; systematic review
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 395514-x
    ISSN 0168-1699
    ISSN 0168-1699
    DOI 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106610
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Early detection of subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows using cow-level features.

    Pakrashi, A / Ryan, C / Guéret, C / Berry, D P / Corcoran, M / Keane, M T / Mac Namee, B

    Journal of dairy science

    2023  Volume 106, Issue 7, Page(s) 4978–4990

    Abstract: Subclinical mastitis in cows affects their health, well-being, longevity, and performance, leading to reduced productivity and profit. Early prediction of subclinical mastitis can enable dairy farmers to perform interventions to mitigate its effect. The ... ...

    Abstract Subclinical mastitis in cows affects their health, well-being, longevity, and performance, leading to reduced productivity and profit. Early prediction of subclinical mastitis can enable dairy farmers to perform interventions to mitigate its effect. The present study investigated how well predictive models built using machine learning techniques can detect subclinical mastitis up to 7 d before its occurrence. The data set used consisted of 1,346,207 milk-day (i.e., a day when milk was collected on both morning and evening) records spanning 9 yr from 2,389 cows producing on 7 Irish research farms. Individual cow composite milk yield and maximum milk flow were available twice daily, whereas milk composition (i.e., fat, lactose, protein) and somatic cell count (SCC) were collected once per week. Other features describing parity, calving dates, predicted transmitting ability for SCC, body weight, and history of subclinical mastitis were also available. The results of the study showed that a gradient boosting machine model trained to predict the onset of subclinical mastitis 7 d before a subclinical case occurs achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 69.45 and 95.64%, respectively. Reduced data collection frequency, where milk composition and SCC were recorded only every 15, 30, 45, and 60 d was simulated by masking data, to reflect the frequency of recording of this data on commercial dairy farms in Ireland. The sensitivity and specificity scores reduced as recording frequency reduced with respective scores of 66.93 and 80.43% when milk composition and SCC were recorded just every 60 d. Results demonstrate that models built on data that could be recorded routinely available on commercial dairy farms, can achieve useful predictive ability of subclinical mastitis even with reduced frequency of milk composition and SCC recording.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Cattle ; Animals ; Female ; Lactation ; Mastitis, Bovine/epidemiology ; Milk/metabolism ; Parity ; Cell Count/veterinary ; Cattle Diseases/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 242499-x
    ISSN 1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
    ISSN (online) 1525-3198
    ISSN 0022-0302
    DOI 10.3168/jds.2022-22803
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: What makes an analogy difficult? The effects of order and causal structure on analogical mapping.

    Keane, M T

    Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

    1997  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 946–967

    Abstract: In 4 experiments, the author tested 2 factors that affect the difficulty of analogies: order of presentation of information and causal structure. Experiments 1, 2, and 4 showed robust order effects for the positioning of sentences-sentence pairs in a ... ...

    Abstract In 4 experiments, the author tested 2 factors that affect the difficulty of analogies: order of presentation of information and causal structure. Experiments 1, 2, and 4 showed robust order effects for the positioning of sentences-sentence pairs in a variety of mapping problems. Experiments 2, 3, and 4 revealed the effects of causal structure in these analogies. Experiment 3 showed that the beneficial effects of causal structure are most marked in thematic, mapping problems presented in a casual question-answering context. Experiment 4 dealt with the interaction between order and causal structure and showed that order effects occur only in the presence of causal structure. Of all the analogy models in the literature, the incremental analogy machine is the best predictor of these results.
    MeSH term(s) Causality ; Humans ; Language
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 627313-0
    ISSN 1939-1285 ; 0278-7393
    ISSN (online) 1939-1285
    ISSN 0278-7393
    DOI 10.1037//0278-7393.23.4.946
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Testing two theories of conceptual combination: alignment versus diagnosticity in the comprehension and production of combined concepts.

    Costello, F J / Keane, M T

    Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

    2001  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 255–271

    Abstract: People often interpret novel noun-noun combinations by transferring a property from one constituent concept of the combination to the other. Two theories make different predictions about these "property" interpretations. Dual-process theory predicts that ...

    Abstract People often interpret novel noun-noun combinations by transferring a property from one constituent concept of the combination to the other. Two theories make different predictions about these "property" interpretations. Dual-process theory predicts that properties transferred will be alignable differences of the concepts being combined. Constraint theory predicts that properties transferred will be diagnostic properties of the concepts in which they originate. An experimental study tested these contrasting predictions in interpretation comprehension and interpretation production tasks. The results showed that participants reliably preferred diagnostic property interpretations, whether alignable or nonalignable, in both tasks. There was no reliable preference for alignable interpretations in either task. This confirms constraint theory's predictions about property interpretations and goes against the predictions of dual-process theory.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Association ; Concept Formation ; Cues ; Female ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 627313-0
    ISSN 1939-1285 ; 0278-7393
    ISSN (online) 1939-1285
    ISSN 0278-7393
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Effective retrieval in Hospital Information Systems: the use of context in answering queries to Patient Discharge Summaries.

    Nangle, B / Keane, M T

    Artificial intelligence in medicine

    1994  Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 207–227

    Abstract: The move towards the electronic storage of medical records in Hospital Information Systems (HISs) presents significant challenges for AI retrieval techniques. In this paper, we argue that adequate information retrieval in such systems will have to rely ... ...

    Abstract The move towards the electronic storage of medical records in Hospital Information Systems (HISs) presents significant challenges for AI retrieval techniques. In this paper, we argue that adequate information retrieval in such systems will have to rely on the exploitation of the conceptual knowledge in those records rather than superficial string searches. However, this course of action is dependent on the developments of natural language processing techniques and on retrieval systems that can exploit semantic/conceptual knowledge. We present a retrieval system, which attempts to realise the second of these developments. This system, called CONIR [developed in the context of the European Community project MENELAS (AIM 2023)] operates in the domain of Patient Discharge Summaries on coronary illness. CONIR uses flexible retrieval techniques, that exploit conceptual context information, over a database of elaborated semantic records. In the course of the paper we outline the sorts of knowledge structures that are required to do this type of retrieval and indicate how they are constructed.
    MeSH term(s) Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Database Management Systems ; Hospital Information Systems ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Models, Theoretical ; Natural Language Processing ; Patient Discharge ; Semantics ; Software Design ; User-Computer Interface
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645179-2
    ISSN 1873-2860 ; 0933-3657
    ISSN (online) 1873-2860
    ISSN 0933-3657
    DOI 10.1016/0933-3657(94)90063-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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