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Book: Wildland fuel fundamentals and application

Keane, Robert E.

2015

Author's details	Robert E. Keane
Language	English
Size	191 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	Cham u.a.
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT018430961
ISBN	978-3-319-09014-6 ; 9783319090153 ; 3-319-09014-3 ; 3319090151
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
144/623	available for loan (reading room)	Freihandmagazin (U1)

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Article: Managing Wildfire for Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Restoration in western North America

Keane, Robert E

Forests. 2018 Oct. 18, v. 9, no. 10

2018

Abstract: Wildfire in declining whitebark pine forests can be a tool for ecosystem restoration or an ecologically harmful event. This document presents a set of possible wildfire management practices for facilitating the restoration of whitebark pine across its ... ...

Abstract	Wildfire in declining whitebark pine forests can be a tool for ecosystem restoration or an ecologically harmful event. This document presents a set of possible wildfire management practices for facilitating the restoration of whitebark pine across its range in Western North America. These management actions are designed to enhance whitebark pine resilience and health, while also being effective wildfire management measures. The actions are presented by the three phases of the wildfire continuum: Before, during, and after a wildfire. Current pre-wildfire restoration actions, such as mechanical thinning’s, prescribed burning, and fuel treatments, can also be designed to be fuel treatment activities that allow more effective suppression of wildfires when needed. Three wildfire strategies can be implemented while the wildfire is burning—full suppression, partial suppression, and wildland fire use (letting some fires burn under acceptable conditions)—for protecting valuable whitebark pine trees and for ecosystem restoration. Finally, post-wildfire activities include planting rust-resistant seedlings and monitoring effects of the wildfires. Recommended wildfire management practices for the wildfire continuum are specified by region, site type, and stand type in the last section of this paper.
Keywords	coniferous forests ; ecological restoration ; fuels (fire ecology) ; monitoring ; Pinus albicaulis ; planting ; prescribed burning ; seedlings ; wildfires ; wildland fire use ; North America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-1018
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f9100648
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effective actions for managing resilient high elevation five-needle white pine forests in western North America at multiple scales under changing climates

Keane, Robert E. / Schoettle, Anna W. / Tomback, Diana F.

Forest ecology and management. 2022 Feb. 01, v. 505

2022

Abstract: Many ecologically important high elevation five-needle white pine (HEFNP) forests that historically dominated upper subalpine landscapes of western North America are now being impacted by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus spp.) outbreaks, the exotic ... ...

Abstract	Many ecologically important high elevation five-needle white pine (HEFNP) forests that historically dominated upper subalpine landscapes of western North America are now being impacted by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus spp.) outbreaks, the exotic disease white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), and altered fire regimes. And more recently, predicted changes in climate may reduce HEFNP habitat and exacerbate adverse impacts of fire, beetles and rust. Management intervention using specially designed tactics implemented at multiple scales (range-wide, landscape, stand, and tree levels) are needed to conserve these keystone tree species. A goal of this intervention is to promote self-sustaining HEFNP ecosystems that have both resilience to disturbances and genetic resistance to white pine blister rust in the face of climate change. Many tools and methods are available for land managers, and in this paper, we summarize possible multi-scaled actions that might be taken as steps toward restoration of these valuable HEFNP forests. Long-term programs, such as inventory, mapping, planning, seed collection, seedling production, education, and research provide the materials for effective restoration at finer scales. Stand- and landscape-level passive and active treatments, such as silvicultural cuttings and prescribed fires in both healthy and declining forests, are described in detail and grouped by objectives, methods, and tactics. And last, there are critical pro-active tree-level actions of planting and protection that may be used alone or together to enhance success of other restoration actions. Administrative, policy, legislative, and societal barriers to implementation of an effective restoration effort are also discussed.
Keywords	Cronartium ribicola ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Pinus ; altitude ; climate ; climate change ; education ; forest ecology ; genetic resistance ; habitats ; inventories ; issues and policy ; landscapes ; seed collecting ; seedling production ; trees ; white pine blister rust ; North America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119939
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Bioclimatic modeling of potential vegetation types as an alternative to species distribution models for projecting plant species shifts under changing climates

Keane, Robert E / Holsinger, Lisa M / Loehman, Rachel

Forest ecology and management. 2020 Dec. 01, v. 477

2020

Abstract: Land managers need new tools for planning novel futures due to climate change. Species distribution modeling (SDM) has been used extensively to predict future distributions of species under different climates, but their map products are often too coarse ... ...

Abstract	Land managers need new tools for planning novel futures due to climate change. Species distribution modeling (SDM) has been used extensively to predict future distributions of species under different climates, but their map products are often too coarse for fine-scale operational use. In this study we developed a flexible, efficient, and robust method for mapping current and future distributions and abundances of vegetation species and communities at the fine spatial resolutions that are germane to land management. First, we mapped Potential Vegetation Types (PVTs) using conventional statistical modeling techniques (Random Forests) that used bioclimatic ecosystem process and climate variables as predictors. We obtained over 50% accuracy across 13 mapped PVTs for our study area. We then applied future climate projections as climate input to the Random Forest model to generate future PVT maps, and used field data describing the occurrence of tree and non-tree species in each PVT category to model and map species distribution for current and future climate. These maps were then compared to two previous SDM mapping efforts with over 80% agreement and equivalent accuracy. Because PVTs represent the biophysical potential of the landscape to support vegetation communities as opposed to the vegetation that currently exists, they can be readily linked to climate forecasts and correlated with other, climate-sensitive ecological processes significant in land management, such as fire regimes and site productivity.
Keywords	algorithms ; climate change ; ecosystems ; forest ecology ; geographical distribution ; land management ; landscapes ; trees
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118498
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Spatiotemporal Variability of Wildland Fuels in US Northern Rocky Mountain Forests

Keane, Robert E

Forests. 2016 June 27, v. 7, no. 7

2016

Abstract: Fire regimes are ultimately controlled by wildland fuel dynamics over space and time; spatial distributions of fuel influence the size, spread, and intensity of individual fires, while the temporal distribution of fuel deposition influences fire’s ... ...

Abstract	Fire regimes are ultimately controlled by wildland fuel dynamics over space and time; spatial distributions of fuel influence the size, spread, and intensity of individual fires, while the temporal distribution of fuel deposition influences fire’s frequency and controls fire size. These “shifting fuel mosaics” are both a cause and a consequence of fire regimes. This paper synthesizes results from two major fuel dynamics studies that described the spatial and temporal variability of canopy and surface wildland fuel characteristics found in US northern Rocky Mountain forests. Eight major surface fuel components—four downed dead woody fuel size classes (1, 10, 100, 1000 h), duff, litter, shrub, and herb—and three canopy fuel characteristics—loading, bulk density and cover—were studied. Properties of these fuel types were sampled on nested plots located within sampling grids to describe their variability across spatiotemporal scales. Important findings were that fuel component loadings were highly variable (two to three times the mean), and this variability increased with the size of fuel particles. The spatial variability of loadings also varied by spatial scale with fine fuels (duff, litter, 1 h, 10 h) varying at scales of 1 to 5 m; coarse fuels at 10 to 150 m, and canopy fuels at 100 to 600 m. Fine fuels are more uniformly distributed over both time and space and decayed quickly, while large fuels are rare on the landscape but have a high residence time.
Keywords	bulk density ; canopy ; fire regime ; fires ; fuels (fire ecology) ; landscapes ; montane forests ; shrubs ; spatial variation ; temporal variation ; wildland ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0627
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f7070129
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Wildland Fuel Fundamentals and Applications

Keane, Robert E

2015

Abstract: Wildland fuels are a critical factor in fire management because they are the one factor that managers can control. However, fuels have always been defined, described, and quantified in the context of inputs to fire behavior models. Wildland fuel ... ...

Author's details	by Robert E. Keane
Abstract	Wildland fuels are a critical factor in fire management because they are the one factor that managers can control. However, fuels have always been defined, described, and quantified in the context of inputs to fire behavior models. Wildland fuel science was always considered part of fire behavior research and the two have been intimately linked for over 50 years. Now, however, there are many other critical applications for wildland fuels, such as carbon accounting, wildlife habitat assessment, erosion control, and smoke calculation. The rigid fire behavior treatment of fuels does not lend itself to these other important fields. Wildland Fuel Fundamentals and Application is the first book to highlight wildland fuels and treat them as a natural resource rather than just a fire behavior input. This volume serves as a synthesis of fuels information in the context of ecology that can be used to understand basic fuels characteristics to objectively evaluate results of fire research and management applications. It is the only volume to provide a comprehensive description of fuels as well their ecology and measurement in one place
Keywords	Biotechnology ; Conservation biology ; Ecology ; Environmental management ; Forests and forestry ; Landscape ecology ; Life sciences
Language	English
Size	Online-Ressource (XI, 191 p. 27 illus., 13 illus. in color), online resource
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publishing place	Cham ;s.l
Document type	Book ; Online
ISBN	9783319090146 ; 9783319090153 ; 3319090143 ; 3319090151
DOI	10.1007/978-3-319-09015-3
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Book: A range-wide restoration strategy for whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis)

Keane, Robert E

(General technical report RMRS ; GTR-279)

2012

Abstract: Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), an important component of western high-elevation forests, has been declining in both the United States and Canada since the early Twentieth Century from the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ... ...

Institution	Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.)
Author's details	[Robert E. Keane ... [et al.]]
Series title	General technical report RMRS ; GTR-279
Abstract	Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), an important component of western high-elevation forests, has been declining in both the United States and Canada since the early Twentieth Century from the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, fire exclusion policies, and the spread of the exotic disease white pine blister rust (caused by the pathogen Cronartium ribicola). The pine is now a candidate species for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Within the last decade, with major surges of pine beetle and increasing damage and mortality from blister rust, the cumulative whitebark pine losses have altered high-elevation community composition and ecosystem processes in many regions. Whitebark pine is a keystone species because of its various roles in supporting community diversity and a foundation species for its roles in promoting community development and stability. Since more than 90 percent of whitebark pine forests occur on public lands in the United States and Canada, maintaining whitebark pine communities requires a coordinated and trans-boundary effort across Federal and provincial land management agencies to develop a comprehensive strategy for restoration of this declining ecosystem. We outline a range-wide strategy for maintaining whitebark pine populations in high mountain areas based on the most current knowledge of the efficacy of techniques and differences in their application across communities. The strategy is written as a general guide for planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating fine-scale restoration activities for whitebark pine by public land management agencies, and to encourage agency and inter-agency coordination for greater efficiency. The strategy is organized into six scales of implementation, and each scale is described by assessment factors, restoration techniques, management concerns, and examples.
Keywords	Whitebark pine/Conservation ; Whitebark pine/Protection ; Whitebark pine/Reintroduction
Language	English
Size	108 p :, ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;, 28 cm.
Publisher	U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Publishing place	Fort Collins, CO
Document type	Book
Note	Cover title. ; "June 2012."
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Conference proceedings: The future of high-elevation, five-needle white pines in western North America

Keane, Robert E

proceedings of the High Five Symposium : 28-30 June 2010, Missoula, Montana

(Proceedings RMRS ; P-63)

2011

Institution	Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.)
Event/congress	High Five Symposium (2010, MissoulaMont.)
Author's details	editors Robert E. Keane ... [et al.]
Series title	Proceedings RMRS ; P-63
Keywords	White pine ; Pine/Diseases and pests ; Pine/Ecology
Language	English
Size	vii, 376 p. :, ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;, 28 cm.
Publisher	U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Publishing place	Fort Collins, CO
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
Note	"June 2011."
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Drying rates of saturated masticated fuelbeds from Rocky Mountain mixed-conifer stands

Keane, Robert E / Holsinger, Lisa M / Sikkink, Pamela G / Smith, Helen Y

International journal of wildland fire. 2020, v. 29, no. 1

2020

Abstract: Mastication is becoming a popular wildland fuel treatment in the United States but little is known about how masticated fuels dry over time, especially as these atypical fuelbeds age. This report summarises measured drying rates of different-aged ... ...

Abstract	Mastication is becoming a popular wildland fuel treatment in the United States but little is known about how masticated fuels dry over time, especially as these atypical fuelbeds age. This report summarises measured drying rates of different-aged masticated fuelbeds built from material collected from sites that were treated using one of four mastication techniques. We recreated three replicates of masticated fuelbeds in wire mesh cages using material collected from 13 sites sampled throughout the US Rocky Mountains. These caged fuelbeds were saturated and then their moisture contents were measured daily as they dried over 10 days in both a controlled growth chamber and outdoors. Relative moisture content after 24 and 96h of drying and a drying rate were response variables that were analysed across fuel age, drying environment and mastication method. While our sites occurred across different forest types and climates and the mastication equipment used was different, we found that all fuelbeds dried within 3% of the equilibrium moisture contents (3–6%) after ~96h for both growth chamber and outdoors under moderately dry environments. We also found that mastication method influenced fuelbed drying rates whereas age had little effect. Fire managers may use these drying rates to implement effective prescribed burns to reduce adverse impacts when masticated fuelbeds burn during wildfire conditions.
Keywords	climate ; dry environmental conditions ; drying ; equilibrium moisture content ; forest types ; fuels (fire ecology) ; growth chambers ; prescribed burning ; wildfires ; wildland ; Rocky Mountain region ; United States
Language	English
Size	p. 57-69.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1331562-6
ISSN	1448-5516 ; 1049-8001
ISSN (online)	1448-5516
ISSN	1049-8001
DOI	10.1071/WF19021
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Describing wildland surface fuel loading for fire management: a review of approaches, methods and systems

Keane, Robert E

International journal of wildland fire. 2013, v. 22, no. 1

2013

Abstract: Wildland fuelbeds are exceptionally complex, consisting of diverse particles of many sizes, types and shapes with abundances and properties that are highly variable in time and space. This complexity makes it difficult to accurately describe, classify, ... ...

Abstract	Wildland fuelbeds are exceptionally complex, consisting of diverse particles of many sizes, types and shapes with abundances and properties that are highly variable in time and space. This complexity makes it difficult to accurately describe, classify, sample and map fuels for wildland fire research and management. As a result, many fire behaviour and effects software prediction systems use a generalised description of fuels to simplify data collection and entry into various computer programs. There are several major fuel description systems currently used in the United States, Canada and Australia, and this is a source of confusion for many in fire management. This paper (1) summarises the challenges of describing fuels, (2) contrasts approaches (association, classification and abstraction) for developing fuel description systems and (3) discusses possible future directions in wildland fuel description and science to transition to a universal fuel description system. Most discussion centres on surface fuel loadings as the primary descriptive characteristic. This synthesis paper is intended to provide background for understanding surface fuel classification and description systems and their use in simulating fire behaviour and effects, quantifying carbon inventories and evaluating site productivity.
Keywords	carbon footprint ; computer software ; data collection ; fire behavior ; fires ; fuel loading ; fuels ; particle size ; space and time ; wildland fire use ; United States
Language	English
Size	p. 51-62.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1331562-6
ISSN	1049-8001
ISSN	1049-8001
DOI	10.1071/WF11139
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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