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  1. Book: Immunology of the nervous system

    Keane, Robert W.

    1997  

    Author's details ed. by Robert W. Keane
    Keywords Nervous System / immunology ; Nervous System Diseases / immunology ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Nervensystem ; Immunologie ; Krankheit ; Immunpathologie ; Neuroimmunologie
    Subject Systema nervosum ; NS ; Immunoneurologie ; Immunopathologie ; Erkrankung ; Krankheitszustand ; Krankheiten ; Morbus ; Nosos ; Pathos ; Klinische Immunologie
    Language English
    Size XXII, 824 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Oxford Univ. Press
    Publishing place New York u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT008602716
    ISBN 0-19-507817-9 ; 978-0-19-507817-6
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Inflammasome signaling proteins as biomarkers of COVID-19.

    Hadad, Roey / Keane, Robert W / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1014665

    Abstract: Introduction: One of the main characteristics of COVID-19 is an exacerbated inflammatory response that results in cardiometabolic complications and dysfunction in the nervous system. Moreover, these complications may extend beyond the period of active ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: One of the main characteristics of COVID-19 is an exacerbated inflammatory response that results in cardiometabolic complications and dysfunction in the nervous system. Moreover, these complications may extend beyond the period of active SARS-CoV2 infection and even extend over a year. Thus, it is important to better understand the contribution of the inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients, not just in the acute phase but also after the infection has subsided.
    Methods: We measured the protein levels of inflammasome signaling proteins using Simple Plex microfluidics technology in patients with an active SARS-CoV2 infection and in recovered patients to determine their potential use as biomarkers of COVID-19. We carried out statistical analyses to identify which proteins were increased in COVID-19 patients with active infection and in recovered patients. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were calculated for each analyte to determine their potential fit as biomarkers.
    Results: The inflammasome proteins caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were elevated in the plasma of patients with active infection and remained elevated after the infection was resolved for approximately 2 months after. Levels of caspase-1 and ASC continued to increase long after patients had recovered from the infection. Furthermore, when measuring biomarkers of inflammation during active infection, analyses with area under the curve (AUC) values above 0.75 indicated that caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 are reliable biomarkers of the inflammatory response during active COVID-19 infection. Moreover, when measuring biomarkers of inflammation after recovery from active infection, caspase-1 and ASC presented AUC values above 0.9.
    Discussion: These findings indicate that inflammasome signaling proteins can be used to reliably monitor the inflammatory innate immune response in COVID-19 patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Inflammasomes/metabolism ; Interleukin-18/metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Caspase 1/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Inflammasomes ; Interleukin-18 ; RNA, Viral ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; Caspase 1 (EC 3.4.22.36) ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1014665
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Renal and Inflammatory Proteins as Biomarkers of Diabetic Kidney Disease and Lupus Nephritis.

    Johnson, Nathan H / Keane, Robert W / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo

    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 5631099

    Abstract: Current methods for differentiation of kidney disease types are unspecific and may be invasive. Thus, there is a need for development of new biomarkers of kidney disorders that are specific and less invasive. In this study, we analyzed serum samples of ... ...

    Abstract Current methods for differentiation of kidney disease types are unspecific and may be invasive. Thus, there is a need for development of new biomarkers of kidney disorders that are specific and less invasive. In this study, we analyzed serum samples of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and lupus nephritis (LN) patients to identify biomarkers of these two disorders. Serum samples were analyzed by Simple Plex assays. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) as well as receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to obtain the sensitivity and specificity and other biomarker-related variables of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin- (IL-) 18, Lipocalin-2/NGAL, epidermal growth factor (EGF), u-Plasminogen Activator (uPA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) as potential biomarkers. Protein levels of ASC, IL-18, EGF, and Lipocalin-2/NGAL were higher in DKD and LN patients when compared to controls, whereas only uPA was elevated in DKD patients and CRP in LN patients. As determined by the AUC, of the six analytes studied, EGF (AUC = 0.9935), Lipocalin-2/NGAL (0.9554), ASC (0.7666), and uPA (0.7522) are reliable biomarkers of DKD, whereas EGF (1.000), Lipocalin-2/NGAL (0.9412), uPA (0.7443), and IL-18 (0.7384) are more reliable for LN. The biomarkers analyzed can differentiate between healthy and affected individuals. However, there was no difference between the levels of these biomarkers in DKD vs LN. Thus, although these biomarkers cannot be used to categorize patients between DKD and LN, they are useful as biomarkers of renal pathology.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Diabetes Mellitus/pathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology ; Humans ; Kidney/pathology ; Lupus Nephritis/diagnosis ; Lupus Nephritis/pathology ; ROC Curve
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2455981-7
    ISSN 1942-0994 ; 1942-0994
    ISSN (online) 1942-0994
    ISSN 1942-0994
    DOI 10.1155/2022/5631099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Extracellular vesicles mediate inflammasome signaling in the brain and heart of Alzheimer's disease mice.

    Cyr, Brianna / Cabrera Ranaldi, Erika D L R M / Hadad, Roey / Dietrich, W Dalton / Keane, Robert W / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo

    Frontiers in molecular neuroscience

    2024  Volume 17, Page(s) 1369781

    Abstract: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment that worsens over time. AD is associated with many comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease that are ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment that worsens over time. AD is associated with many comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease that are associated with poorer outcomes. Comorbidities, especially heart disease and stroke, play a significant role in the demise of AD patients. Thus, it is important to understand how comorbidities are linked to AD. We have previously shown that extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated inflammasome signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain injury and acute lung injury after traumatic brain injury.
    Methods: We analyzed the cortical, hippocampal, ventricular, and atrial protein lysates from APP/PS1 mice and their respective controls for inflammasome signaling activation. Additionally, we analyzed serum-derived EV for size, concentration, and content of inflammasome proteins as well as the EV marker CD63. Finally, we performed conditioned media experiments of EV from AD patients and healthy age-matched controls delivered to cardiovascular cells in culture to assess EV-induced inflammation.
    Results: We show a significant increase in Pyrin, NLRP1, caspase-1, and ASC in the brain cortex whereas caspase-8, ASC, and IL-1β were significantly elevated in the heart ventricles of AD mice when compared to controls. We did not find significant differences in the size or concentration of EV between groups, but there was a significant increase of caspase-1 and IL-1β in EV from AD mice compared to controls. In addition, conditioned media experiments of serum-derived EV from AD patients and age-matched controls delivered to cardiovascular cells in culture resulted in inflammasome activation, and significant increases in TNF-α and IL-2.
    Conclusion: These results indicate that EV-mediated inflammasome signaling in the heart may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in AD patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452967-9
    ISSN 1662-5099
    ISSN 1662-5099
    DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1369781
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The Role of Non-canonical and Canonical Inflammasomes in Inflammaging.

    Cyr, Brianna / Hadad, Roey / Keane, Robert W / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo

    Frontiers in molecular neuroscience

    2022  Volume 15, Page(s) 774014

    Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases currently affect millions of people worldwide and continues to increase in the expanding elderly population. Neurodegenerative diseases usually involve cognitive decline and are among the top causes of death. Thus, there is a ... ...

    Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases currently affect millions of people worldwide and continues to increase in the expanding elderly population. Neurodegenerative diseases usually involve cognitive decline and are among the top causes of death. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of treatments and preventive strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. One of the risk factors of neurodegeneration is inflammaging, a low level of chronic inflammation due to old age. We have previously shown that the inflammasome contributes to inflammaging in the central nervous system (CNS). The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex of the innate immune response consisting of a sensor protein, apoptosis speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and caspase-1. Our lab has developed a humanized monoclonal antibody against ASC (anti-ASC). Here, we analyzed cortical lysates from young (3 months old), aged (18 months old), and aged anti-ASC treated mice for the expression of canonical and non-canonical inflammasome proteins. We show that the protein levels of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, and caspase-8 were elevated in the cortex of aged mice, and that anti-ASC decreased the expression of these proteins, consistent with lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. Additionally, we show that these proteins form a novel NLRP1-caspase-8 non-canonical inflammasome comprised of NLRP1, caspase-8 and ASC. Moreover, these inflammasome proteins were present in neurons in young and aged mice. Together, these results indicate that a novel NLRP1-caspase-8 non-canonical inflammasome is present in the cortex of mice and that anti-ASC is a potential therapeutic to decrease inflammasome-mediated inflammaging in the CNS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452967-9
    ISSN 1662-5099
    ISSN 1662-5099
    DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2022.774014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Neural-Cardiac Inflammasome Axis after Traumatic Brain Injury.

    Keane, Robert W / Hadad, Roey / Scott, Xavier O / Cabrera Ranaldi, Erika D L R M / Pérez-Bárcena, Jon / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo

    Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 10

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects not only the brain but also peripheral organs like the heart and the lungs, which influences long-term outcomes. A heightened systemic inflammatory response is often induced after TBI, but the underlying ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects not only the brain but also peripheral organs like the heart and the lungs, which influences long-term outcomes. A heightened systemic inflammatory response is often induced after TBI, but the underlying pathomechanisms that contribute to co-morbidities remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether extracellular vehicles (EVs) containing inflammasome proteins are released after severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) in C57BL/6 mice and cause activation of inflammasomes in the heart that result in tissue damage. The atrium of injured mice at 3 days after TBI showed a significant increase in the levels of the inflammasome proteins AIM2, ASC, caspases-1, -8 and -11, whereas IL-1β was increased in the ventricles. Additionally, the injured cortex showed a significant increase in IL-1β, ASC, caspases-1, -8 and -11 and pyrin at 3 days after injury when compared to the sham. Serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from injured patients were characterized with nanoparticle tracking analysis and Ella Simple Plex and showed elevated levels of the inflammasome proteins caspase-1, ASC and IL-18. Mass spectrometry of serum-derived EVs from mice after TBI revealed a variety of complement- and cardiovascular-related signaling proteins. Moreover, adoptive transfer of serum-derived EVs from TBI patients resulted in inflammasome activation in cardiac cells in culture. Thus, TBI elicits inflammasome activation, primarily in the atrium, that is mediated, in part, by EVs that contain inflammasome- and complement-related signaling proteins that are released into serum and contribute to peripheral organ systemic inflammation, which increases inflammasome activation in the heart.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2193542-7
    ISSN 1424-8247
    ISSN 1424-8247
    DOI 10.3390/ph16101382
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Proof-of-Principle Study of Inflammasome Signaling Proteins as Diagnostic Biomarkers of the Inflammatory Response in Parkinson's Disease.

    Cabrera Ranaldi, Erika D L R M / Nuytemans, Karen / Martinez, Anisley / Luca, Corneliu C / Keane, Robert W / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo

    Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 6

    Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates, and motor deficits. A major contributor to dopaminergic neuronal loss is neuroinflammation. ... ...

    Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates, and motor deficits. A major contributor to dopaminergic neuronal loss is neuroinflammation. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that perpetuates neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders including PD. Increases in inflammasome proteins are associated with worsened pathology. Thus, the inhibition of inflammatory mediators has the potential to aid in PD treatment. Here, we investigated inflammasome signaling proteins as potential biomarkers of the inflammatory response in PD. Plasma from PD subjects and healthy age-matched controls were evaluated for levels of the inflammasome protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-18. This was carried out using Simple Plex technology to identify changes in inflammasome proteins in the blood of PD subjects. The area under the curve (AUC) was obtained through calculation of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to obtain information on biomarker reliability and traits. Additionally, we completed a stepwise regression selected from the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) to assess how the inflammasome proteins caspase-1 and ASC contribute to IL-18 levels in people with PD. PD subjects demonstrated elevated caspase-1, ASC, and IL-18 levels when compared to controls; each of these proteins were found to be promising biomarkers of inflammation in PD. Furthermore, inflammasome proteins were determined to significantly contribute to and predict IL-18 levels in subjects with PD. Thus, we demonstrated that inflammasome proteins serve as reliable biomarkers of inflammation in PD and that inflammasome proteins provide significant contributions to IL-18 levels in PD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2193542-7
    ISSN 1424-8247
    ISSN 1424-8247
    DOI 10.3390/ph16060883
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease alters inflammasome activity after traumatic brain injury.

    Johnson, Nathan H / Kerr, Nadine A / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan P / Bramlett, Helen M / Keane, Robert W / Dietrich, W Dalton

    Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 257, Page(s) 66–77

    Abstract: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the US and a recognized risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The relationship between these conditions is not completely understood, but the conditions may ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the US and a recognized risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The relationship between these conditions is not completely understood, but the conditions may share additive or synergistic pathological hallmarks that may serve as novel therapeutic targets. Heightened inflammasome signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system injury (CNS) and the release of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) speck from neurons and activated microglia contribute significantly to TBI and AD pathology. This study investigated whether inflammasome signaling after TBI was augmented in AD and whether this signaling pathway impacted biochemical and neuropathological outcomes and overall cognitive function. Five-month-old, 3xTg mice and respective wild type controls were randomized and underwent moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury or served as sham/uninjured controls. Animals were sacrificed at 1 hour, 1 day, or 1 week after TBI to assess acute pathology or at 12 weeks after assessing cognitive function. The ipsilateral cerebral cortex was processed for inflammasome protein expression by immunoblotting. Mice were evaluated for behavior by open field (3 days), novel object recognition (2 weeks), and Morris water maze (6 weeks) testing after TBI. There was a statistically significant increase in the expression of inflammasome signaling proteins Caspase-1, Caspase-8, ASC, and interleukin (IL)-1β after TBI in both wild type and 3xTg animals. At 1-day post injury, significant increases in ASC and IL-1β protein expression were measured in AD TBI mice compared to WT TBI. Behavioral testing showed that injured AD mice had altered cognitive function when compared to injured WT mice. Elevated Aβ was seen in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus of sham and injured AD when compared to respective groups at 12 weeks post injury. Moreover, treatment of injured AD mice with IC100, an anti-ASC monoclonal antibody, inhibited the inflammasome, as evidenced by IL-1β reduction in the injured cortex at 1-week post injury. These findings show that the inflammasome response is heightened in mice genetically predisposed to AD and suggests that AD may exacerbate TBI pathology. Thus, dampening inflammasome signaling may offer a novel approach for the treatment of AD and TBI.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Inflammasomes/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/genetics ; Apoptosis
    Chemical Substances Inflammasomes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2246684-8
    ISSN 1878-1810 ; 1532-6543 ; 1931-5244
    ISSN (online) 1878-1810 ; 1532-6543
    ISSN 1931-5244
    DOI 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.02.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Role of inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis and their potential as therapeutic targets.

    Govindarajan, Vaidya / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo / Keane, Robert W

    Journal of neuroinflammation

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 260

    Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and it remains the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the CNS. While the cause of MS is unclear, the underlying pathomechanisms are thought to be either ... ...

    Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and it remains the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the CNS. While the cause of MS is unclear, the underlying pathomechanisms are thought to be either destruction by autoimmune T cells or dysfunction of myelin-producing cells. Recent advances have indicated that inflammasomes contribute the etiology of MS. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes of the innate immune response involved in the processing of caspase-1, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as the cell death-mediated mechanism of pyroptosis and the activation of the adaptive immune response. Here we review the literature to date on the role of different inflammasome signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of MS and how these pathways may be targeted to reduce deleterious inflammatory processes and improve outcomes in this patient population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1742-2094
    ISSN (online) 1742-2094
    DOI 10.1186/s12974-020-01944-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: ASC, IL-18 and Galectin-3 as Biomarkers of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Proof of Concept Study.

    Cyr, Brianna / Keane, Robert W / de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 22

    Abstract: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that is growing in prevalence. Symptoms of NASH become apparent when the disease has progressed significantly. Thus, there is a need to identify biomarkers of NASH ...

    Abstract Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that is growing in prevalence. Symptoms of NASH become apparent when the disease has progressed significantly. Thus, there is a need to identify biomarkers of NASH in order to detect the disease earlier and to monitor disease severity. The inflammasome has been shown to play a role in liver diseases. Here, we performed a proof of concept study of biomarker analyses (cut-off points, positive and negative predictive values, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and likelihood ratios) on the serum of patients with NASH and healthy controls on apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin (IL)-18, Galectin-3 (Gal-3), and C-reactive protein (CRP). ASC, IL-18, and Gal-3 were elevated in the serum of NASH patients when compared to controls. The area under the curve (AUC) for ASC was the highest (0.7317) with an accuracy of 68%, followed by IL-18 (0.7036) with an accuracy of 66% and Gal-3 (0.6891) with an accuracy of 61%. Moreover, we then fit a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model using ASC, IL-18, and Gal-3 to determine the probability of patients having a NASH diagnosis, which resulted in an AUC of 0.71 and an accuracy of 79%, indicating that combining these biomarkers increases their diagnostic potential for NASH. These results indicate that ASC, IL-18, and Gal-3 are reliable biomarkers of NASH and that combining these analytes increases the biomarker potential of these proteins.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Proteins ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/blood ; Female ; Galectins/blood ; Humans ; Interleukin-18/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood ; Proof of Concept Study ; Prospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Blood Proteins ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; Galectins ; IL18 protein, human ; Interleukin-18 ; LGALS3 protein, human ; PYCARD protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms21228580
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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