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Article ; Online: No Guts About It: Captivity, But Not Neophobia Phenotype, Influences the Cloacal Microbiome of House Sparrows (

Kelly, T R / Vinson, A E / King, G M / Lattin, C R

Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England)

2022 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) obac010

Abstract: Behavioral traits such as anxiety and depression have been linked to diversity of the gut microbiome in humans, domesticated animals, and lab-bred model species, but the extent to which this link exists in wild animals, and thus its ecological relevance, ...

Abstract	Behavioral traits such as anxiety and depression have been linked to diversity of the gut microbiome in humans, domesticated animals, and lab-bred model species, but the extent to which this link exists in wild animals, and thus its ecological relevance, is poorly understood. We examined the relationship between a behavioral trait (neophobia) and the cloacal microbiome in wild house sparrows (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2517-4843
ISSN (online)	2517-4843
DOI	10.1093/iob/obac010
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Article ; Online: Rising to the Challenge: Mounting an Acute Phase Immune Response Has No Long-Term Negative Effects on Captive Sparrow Migratory Body Composition or Migratory Restlessness.

Kelly, T R / Butnari, A C / MacDougall-Shackleton, E A / MacDougall-Shackleton, S A

Integrative and comparative biology

2023 Volume 63, Issue 6, Page(s) 1182–1196

Abstract: Migratory animals may trade-off between investing energy in immune defense versus investing in energy reserves needed for seasonal migration. However, these trade-offs are often masked by other sources of variation and may not be detected through ... ...

Abstract	Migratory animals may trade-off between investing energy in immune defense versus investing in energy reserves needed for seasonal migration. However, these trade-offs are often masked by other sources of variation and may not be detected through observational field studies of free-living animals. Moreover, observational studies can rarely distinguish the costs of pathogenic infection from those of mounting an immune response. To disentangle such effects, we conducted an immune challenge experiment. We captured song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) and white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) in autumn migratory condition, challenged the sparrows with non-infectious antigens that induce an acute-phase immune response, then monitored body composition and migratory restlessness behavior. For both species, body mass was higher the day after exposure to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) compared to controls. White-throated sparrows, but not song sparrows, increased lean mass 1 week after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting that effects of immune upregulation on body composition may be long-lasting and specific to certain combinations of hosts and antigens. White-throated sparrows exposed to KLH increased nocturnal migratory restlessness (Zugunruhe) for the week following exposure. These findings suggest that short-term activation of the acute immune response does not constrain migratory physiology in these songbirds.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animal Migration/physiology ; Body Composition/physiology ; Seasons ; Sparrows/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2159110-6
ISSN	1557-7023 ; 1540-7063
ISSN (online)	1557-7023
ISSN	1540-7063
DOI	10.1093/icb/icad109
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Article ; Online: Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, immunity, and glucose during acute Plasmodium relictum infection in house sparrows (Passer domesticus).

Kelly, T R / Cannon, A L / Stansberry, K R / Kimball, M G / Lattin, C R

General and comparative endocrinology

2023 Volume 345, Page(s) 114388

Abstract: Hosts of the same species vary in physiological responses to the same parasite, and some groups of individuals can disproportionately affect disease dynamics; however, the underlying pathophysiology of host-parasite interactions is poorly understood in ... ...

Abstract	Hosts of the same species vary in physiological responses to the same parasite, and some groups of individuals can disproportionately affect disease dynamics; however, the underlying pathophysiology of host-parasite interactions is poorly understood in wildlife. We tested the hypothesis that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis mediates host resistance and tolerance to avian malaria during the acute phase of infection by evaluating whether individual variation in circulating glucocorticoids predicted resistance to avian malaria in a songbird. We experimentally inoculated wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with naturally sourced Plasmodium relictum and quantified baseline and restraint-induced circulating corticosterone, negative feedback ability, cellular and humoral immune function, and baseline and restraint-induced glycemia, prior to and during acute malaria infection. During peak parasitemia, we also evaluated the expression of several liver cytokines that are established pathological hallmarks of malaria in mammals: two pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and two anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β). Although most of the host metrics we evaluated were not correlated with host resistance or tolerance to avian malaria, this experiment revealed novel relationships between malarial parasites and the avian immune system that further our understanding of the pathology of malaria infection in birds. Specifically, we found that: (1) TNF-α liver expression was positively correlated with parasitemia; (2) sparrows exhibited an anti-inflammatory profile during malaria infection; and (3) IFN-γ and circulating glucose were associated with several immune parameters, but only in infected sparrows. We also found that, during the acute phase of infection, sparrows increased the strength of corticosterone negative feedback at the level of the pituitary. In the context of our results, we discuss future methodological considerations and aspects of host physiology that may confer resistance to avian malaria, which can help inform conservation and rehabilitation strategies for avifauna at risk.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Sparrows/physiology ; Malaria, Avian/parasitology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology ; Corticosterone ; Parasitemia/parasitology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiology ; Plasmodium/physiology ; Malaria/parasitology ; Malaria/veterinary ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Mammals
Chemical Substances	Corticosterone (W980KJ009P) ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1851-x
ISSN	1095-6840 ; 0016-6480
ISSN (online)	1095-6840
ISSN	0016-6480
DOI	10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114388
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Article ; Online: No, you go first: phenotype and social context affect house sparrow neophobia.

Kelly, T R / Kimball, M G / Stansberry, K R / Lattin, C R

Biology letters

2020 Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 20200286

Abstract: Novel object trials are commonly used to assess aversion to novelty (neophobia), and previous work has shown neophobia can be influenced by the social environment, but whether the altered behaviour persists afterwards (social learning) is largely unknown ...

Abstract	Novel object trials are commonly used to assess aversion to novelty (neophobia), and previous work has shown neophobia can be influenced by the social environment, but whether the altered behaviour persists afterwards (social learning) is largely unknown in wild animals. We assessed house sparrow (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Phenotype ; Social Environment ; Social Learning ; Sparrows
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2135022-X
ISSN	1744-957X ; 1744-9561
ISSN (online)	1744-957X
ISSN	1744-9561
DOI	10.1098/rsbl.2020.0286
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Article ; Online: Infectious Bronchitis Virus Surveillance in Broilers in California (2012-20).

Montine, P / Kelly, T R / Stoute, S / da Silva, A P / Crossley, B / Corsiglia, C / Shivaprasad, H L / Gallardo, R A

Avian diseases

2022 Volume 65, Issue 4, Page(s) 584–591

Abstract: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes severe economic losses among chicken flocks worldwide. Although IBV molecular surveillance has been conducted in California broilers, seasonal and spatial-temporal trends in IBV prevalence are poorly defined. The ... ...

Abstract	Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes severe economic losses among chicken flocks worldwide. Although IBV molecular surveillance has been conducted in California broilers, seasonal and spatial-temporal trends in IBV prevalence are poorly defined. The goals of this study were to evaluate seasonal and spatial-temporal trends in IBV prevalence and to determine the predominant IBV genotypes obtained over the last 8 yr from a broiler company located in the California Central Valley. In total, 3439 broilers with a suspicion of IBV infection were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratories between January 2012 and February 2020. Swabs from tracheas, kidneys, and cecal tonsils from each submission were independently pooled and screened for IBV using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Positive samples were submitted for virus isolation. Viral isolates were subject to a conventional RT-PCR targeting the S1 gene hypervariable region. Positive samples from this RT-PCR were sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. In total, 1243 pooled swab samples were positive for IBV. Positive results were more frequently detected in fall and winter months compared to spring. Spatial analyses revealed an IBV hot spot in the vicinity of Livingston, and two areas with a low prevalence (i.e., cold spots) around Riverdale. The IBV spatial-temporal distribution identified three significant clusters: one hot spot around Turlock from 2015 to 2016, a second hot spot around Merced from 2012 to 2016, and a cold spot around Fresno from 2017 to 2020. Predominant genotypes changed over time from IBV Cal 99, which was predominant between 2012 and 2014, to IBV 3099 in 2019. Vaccination efforts were initiated in 2018, and as a result, we detected an emerging variant with 92% similarity to CA 3099 in 2020. This work highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in IBV prevention programs. Surveillance strategies are necessary to monitor trends in diseases such as infectious bronchitis, and the tools used for surveillance need to be sensitive enough to detect new variants and identify spatial-temporal trends.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	40871-2
ISSN	1938-4351 ; 0005-2086
ISSN (online)	1938-4351
ISSN	0005-2086
DOI	10.1637/aviandiseases-D-21-00067
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Article ; Online: Experimental Malaria Infection Affects Songbirds' Nocturnal Migratory Activity.

Kelly, T R / Rubin, B D / MacDougall-Shackleton, S A / MacDougall-Shackleton, E A

Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ

2020 Volume 93, Issue 2, Page(s) 97–110

Abstract: Migratory animals encounter multiple parasite communities, raising concerns that migration may aid transport of infectious disease. How migration affects disease spread depends fundamentally on how disease affects migration, specifically whether ... ...

Abstract	Migratory animals encounter multiple parasite communities, raising concerns that migration may aid transport of infectious disease. How migration affects disease spread depends fundamentally on how disease affects migration, specifically whether infection alters individuals' migratory physiology and behavior. We inoculated white-throated sparrows (
MeSH term(s)	Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; Body Composition ; Disease Resistance ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Malaria, Avian/blood ; Malaria, Avian/physiopathology ; Male ; Plasmodium/pathogenicity ; Seasons ; Sparrows/parasitology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1473845-4
ISSN	1537-5293 ; 1522-2152
ISSN (online)	1537-5293
ISSN	1522-2152
DOI	10.1086/707495
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Article: Infectious Bronchitis Virus Surveillance in Broilers in California (2012–20)

Montine, P. / Kelly, T. R. / Stoute, S. / da Silva, A. P. / Crossley, B. / Corsiglia, C. / Shivaprasad, H. L. / Gallardo, R. A.

Avian diseases. 2021 Dec. 8, v. 65, no. 4

2021

Abstract	Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes severe economic losses among chicken flocks worldwide. Although IBV molecular surveillance has been conducted in California broilers, seasonal and spatial-temporal trends in IBV prevalence are poorly defined. The goals of this study were to evaluate seasonal and spatial-temporal trends in IBV prevalence and to determine the predominant IBV genotypes obtained over the last 8 yr from a broiler company located in the California Central Valley. In total, 3439 broilers with a suspicion of IBV infection were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratories between January 2012 and February 2020. Swabs from tracheas, kidneys, and cecal tonsils from each submission were independently pooled and screened for IBV using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Positive samples were submitted for virus isolation. Viral isolates were subject to a conventional RT-PCR targeting the S1 gene hypervariable region. Positive samples from this RT-PCR were sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. In total, 1243 pooled swab samples were positive for IBV. Positive results were more frequently detected in fall and winter months compared to spring. Spatial analyses revealed an IBV hot spot in the vicinity of Livingston, and two areas with a low prevalence (i.e., cold spots) around Riverdale. The IBV spatial-temporal distribution identified three significant clusters: one hot spot around Turlock from 2015 to 2016, a second hot spot around Merced from 2012 to 2016, and a cold spot around Fresno from 2017 to 2020. Predominant genotypes changed over time from IBV Cal 99, which was predominant between 2012 and 2014, to IBV 3099 in 2019. Vaccination efforts were initiated in 2018, and as a result, we detected an emerging variant with 92% similarity to CA 3099 in 2020. This work highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in IBV prevention programs. Surveillance strategies are necessary to monitor trends in diseases such as infectious bronchitis, and the tools used for surveillance need to be sensitive enough to detect new variants and identify spatial-temporal trends.
Keywords	Infectious bronchitis virus ; RNA-directed DNA polymerase ; animal health ; cold ; food safety ; genes ; infectious bronchitis ; monitoring ; phylogeny ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; vaccination ; viruses ; California
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1208
Size	p. 584-591.
Publishing place	American Association of Avian Pathologists Inc
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	40871-2
ISSN	1938-4351 ; 0005-2086
ISSN (online)	1938-4351
ISSN	0005-2086
DOI	10.1637/aviandiseases-D-21-00067
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Alternative reproductive strategies in white-throated sparrows are associated with differences in parasite load following experimental infection.

Boyd, R J / Kelly, T R / MacDougall-Shackleton, S A / MacDougall-Shackleton, E A

Biology letters

2018 Volume 14, Issue 7

Abstract: Immune defences often trade off with other life-history components. Within species, optimal allocation to immunity may differ between the sexes or between alternative life-history strategies. White-throated sparrows ( ...

Abstract	Immune defences often trade off with other life-history components. Within species, optimal allocation to immunity may differ between the sexes or between alternative life-history strategies. White-throated sparrows (
MeSH term(s)	Aggression ; Androgens/blood ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Feathers/physiology ; Female ; Malaria/immunology ; Male ; Parasite Load ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation/physiology ; Plasmodium/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Sparrows/immunology ; Sparrows/parasitology ; Sparrows/physiology
Chemical Substances	Androgens
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2135022-X
ISSN	1744-957X ; 1744-9561
ISSN (online)	1744-957X
ISSN	1744-9561
DOI	10.1098/rsbl.2018.0194
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Article ; Online: Lead in ammunition: a persistent threat to health and conservation.

Johnson, C K / Kelly, T R / Rideout, B A

EcoHealth

2014 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 455–464

Abstract: Many scavenging bird populations have experienced abrupt declines across the globe, and intensive recovery activities have been necessary to sustain several species, including the critically endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus). ... ...

Abstract	Many scavenging bird populations have experienced abrupt declines across the globe, and intensive recovery activities have been necessary to sustain several species, including the critically endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus). Exposure to lead from lead-based ammunition is widespread in condors and lead toxicosis presents an immediate threat to condor recovery, accounting for the highest proportion of adult mortality. Lead contamination of carcasses across the landscape remains a serious threat to the health and sustainability of scavenging birds, and here we summarize recent evidence for exposure to lead-based ammunition and health implications across many species. California condors and other scavenging species are sensitive indicators of the occurrence of lead contaminated carcasses in the environment. Transdisciplinary science-based approaches have been critical to managing lead exposure in California condors and paving the way for use of non-lead ammunition in California. Similar transdisciplinary approaches are now needed to translate the science informing on this issue and establish education and outreach efforts that focus on concerns brought forth by key stakeholders.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology ; Bird Diseases/etiology ; California ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environmental Exposure/prevention & control ; Falconiformes ; Firearms ; Lead Poisoning/etiology ; Lead Poisoning/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2164327-1
ISSN	1612-9210 ; 1612-9202
ISSN (online)	1612-9210
ISSN	1612-9202
DOI	10.1007/s10393-013-0896-5
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Book ; Online: Low Correlation Sequences from Linear Combinations of Characters

Boothby, Kelly T. R. / Katz, Daniel J.

2016

Abstract: Pairs of binary sequences formed using linear combinations of multiplicative characters of finite fields are exhibited that, when compared to random sequence pairs, simultaneously achieve significantly lower mean square autocorrelation values (for each ... ...

Abstract	Pairs of binary sequences formed using linear combinations of multiplicative characters of finite fields are exhibited that, when compared to random sequence pairs, simultaneously achieve significantly lower mean square autocorrelation values (for each sequence in the pair) and significantly lower mean square crosscorrelation values. If we define crosscorrelation merit factor analogously to the usual merit factor for autocorrelation, and if we define demerit factor as the reciprocal of merit factor, then randomly selected binary sequence pairs are known to have an average crosscorrelation demerit factor of $1$. Our constructions provide sequence pairs with crosscorrelation demerit factor significantly less than $1$, and at the same time, the autocorrelation demerit factors of the individual sequences can also be made significantly less than $1$ (which also indicates better than average performance). The sequence pairs studied here provide combinations of autocorrelation and crosscorrelation performance that are not achievable using sequences formed from single characters, such as maximal linear recursive sequences (m-sequences) and Legendre sequences. In this study, exact asymptotic formulae are proved for the autocorrelation and crosscorrelation merit factors of sequence pairs formed using linear combinations of multiplicative characters. Data is presented that shows that the asymptotic behavior is closely approximated by sequences of modest length. Comment: 47 pages
Keywords	Computer Science - Information Theory ; Mathematics - Combinatorics ; Mathematics - Number Theory ; 94A55 ; 11T24
Subject code	306 ; 612
Publishing date	2016-02-14
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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