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  1. Article ; Online: An Exploratory Study on the Microbiome of Northern and Southern Populations of Ixodes scapularis Ticks Predicts Changes and Unique Bacterial Interactions

    Deepak Kumar / Latoyia P. Downs / Abdulsalam Adegoke / Erika Machtinger / Kelly Oggenfuss / Richard S. Ostfeld / Monica Embers / Shahid Karim

    Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 130, p

    2022  Volume 130

    Abstract: The black-legged tick ( Ixodes scapularis ) is the primary vector of Borrelia burgdorferi , the causative agent of Lyme disease in North America. However, the prevalence of Lyme borreliosis is clustered around the Northern States of the United States of ... ...

    Abstract The black-legged tick ( Ixodes scapularis ) is the primary vector of Borrelia burgdorferi , the causative agent of Lyme disease in North America. However, the prevalence of Lyme borreliosis is clustered around the Northern States of the United States of America. This study utilized a metagenomic sequencing approach to compare the microbial communities residing within Ix. scapularis populations from northern and southern geographic locations in the USA. Using a SparCC network construction model, we performed potential interactions between members of the microbial communities from Borrelia burgdorferi –infected tissues of unfed and blood-fed ticks. A significant difference in bacterial composition and diversity was found between northern and southern tick populations. The network analysis predicted a potential antagonistic interaction between endosymbiont Rickettsia buchneri and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The network analysis, as expected, predicted significant positive and negative microbial interactions in ticks from these geographic regions, with the genus Rickettsia , Francisella , and Borreliella playing an essential role in the identified clusters. Interactions between Rickettsia buchneri and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato need more validation and understanding. Understanding the interplay between the microbiome and tick-borne pathogens within tick vectors may pave the way for new strategies to prevent tick-borne infections.
    Keywords Ixodes scapularis ; microbiome ; salivary glands ; midgut ; ovaries ; 16S rRNA sequencing ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Tick‐borne disease risk in a forest food web

    Ostfeld, Richard S / Charles D. Canham / Felicia Keesing / Kelly Oggenfuss / Taal Levi

    Ecology. 2018 July, v. 99, no. 7

    2018  

    Abstract: Changes to the community ecology of hosts for zoonotic pathogens, particularly rodents, are likely to influence the emergence and prevalence of zoonotic diseases worldwide. However, the complex interactions between abiotic factors, pathogens, vectors, ... ...

    Abstract Changes to the community ecology of hosts for zoonotic pathogens, particularly rodents, are likely to influence the emergence and prevalence of zoonotic diseases worldwide. However, the complex interactions between abiotic factors, pathogens, vectors, hosts, and both food resources and predators of hosts are difficult to disentangle. Here we (1) use 19 yr of data from six large field plots in southeastern New York to compare the effects of hypothesized drivers of interannual variation in Lyme disease risk, including the abundance of acorns, rodents, and deer, as well as a series of climate variables; and (2) employ landscape epidemiology to explore how variation in predator community structure and forest cover influences spatial variation in the infection prevalence of ticks for the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, and two other important tick‐borne pathogens, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti. Acorn‐driven increases in the abundance of mice were correlated with a lagged increase in the abundance of questing nymph‐stage Ixodes scapularis ticks infected with Lyme disease bacteria. Abundance of white‐tailed deer 2 yr prior also correlated with increased density of infected nymphal ticks, although the effect was weak. Density of rodents in the current year was a strong negative predictor of nymph density, apparently because high current abundance of these hosts can remove nymphs from the host‐seeking population. Warm, dry spring or winter weather was associated with reduced density of infected nymphs. At the landscape scale, the presence of functionally diverse predator communities or of bobcats, the only obligate carnivore, was associated with reduced infection prevalence of I. scapularis nymphs with all three zoonotic pathogens. In the case of Lyme disease, infection prevalence increased where coyotes were present but smaller predators were displaced or otherwise absent. For all pathogens, infection prevalence was lowest when forest cover within a 1 km radius was high. Taken together, our results suggest that a food web perspective including bottom‐up and top‐down forcing is needed to understand drivers of tick‐borne disease risk, a result that may also apply to other rodent‐borne zoonoses. Prevention of exposure based on ecological indicators of heightened risk should help protect public health.
    Keywords Anaplasma phagocytophilum ; Babesia microti ; bacteria ; Borrelia burgdorferi ; Canis latrans ; carnivores ; climatic factors ; community structure ; deer ; environmental indicators ; food webs ; forests ; fruits ; host seeking ; hosts ; Ixodes scapularis ; landscapes ; Lyme disease ; mice ; nymphs ; Odocoileus virginianus ; pathogens ; predators ; public health ; risk ; spring ; ticks ; weather ; winter ; zoonoses ; New York
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-07
    Size p. 1562-1573.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1797-8
    ISSN 0012-9658
    ISSN 0012-9658
    DOI 10.1002/ecy.2386
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: The impact of temperature and precipitation on blacklegged tick activity and Lyme disease incidence in endemic and emerging regions

    Burtis, James C / Patrick Sullivan / Taal Levi / Kelly Oggenfuss / Timothy J. Fahey / Richard S. Ostfeld

    Parasites & vectors. 2016 Dec., v. 9, no. 1

    2016  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of Lyme disease shows high degrees of inter-annual variation in the northeastern United States, but the factors driving this variation are not well understood. Complicating matters, it is also possible that these driving factors ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: The incidence of Lyme disease shows high degrees of inter-annual variation in the northeastern United States, but the factors driving this variation are not well understood. Complicating matters, it is also possible that these driving factors may vary in regions with differing histories of Lyme disease endemism. We evaluated the effect of the number of hot (T > 25 °C), dry (precipitation = 0) days during the questing periods of the two immature Ixodes scapularis life stages (larval and nymphal) on inter-annual variation in Lyme disease incidence between 2000 and 2011 in long-term endemic versus recently endemic areas. We also evaluated the effect of summer weather on tick questing activity and the number of ticks found on small mammals between 1994 and 2012 on six sites in Millbrook, NY. RESULTS: The number of hot, dry days during the larval period of the previous year did not affect the human incidence of Lyme disease or the density of questing nymphs the following season. However, dry summer weather during the nymphal questing period had a significant negative effect on the incidence of Lyme disease in the long-term endemic areas, and on the density of questing nymphs. Summer weather conditions had a more pronounced effect on actively questing I. scapularis collected via dragging than on the number of ticks found feeding on small mammals. In recently endemic areas Lyme disease incidence increased significantly over time, but no trend was detected between disease incidence and dry summer weather. CONCLUSIONS: Recently endemic regions showed an increase in Lyme disease incidence over time, while incidence in long-term endemic regions appears to have stabilized. Only within the stabilized areas were we able to detect reduced Lyme disease incidence in years with hot, dry summer weather. These patterns were reflected in our field data, which showed that questing activity of nymphal I. scapularis was reduced by hot, dry summer weather.
    Keywords Ixodes scapularis ; Lyme disease ; disease incidence ; humans ; indigenous species ; larvae ; nymphs ; small mammals ; summer ; temperature ; ticks ; weather ; New York
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-12
    Size p. 606.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2409480-8
    ISSN 1756-3305
    ISSN 1756-3305
    DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1894-6
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Climate, deer, rodents, and acorns as determinants of variation in lyme-disease risk.

    Richard S Ostfeld / Charles D Canham / Kelly Oggenfuss / Raymond J Winchcombe / Felicia Keesing

    PLoS Biology, Vol 4, Iss 6, p e

    2006  Volume 145

    Abstract: Risk of human exposure to vector-borne zoonotic pathogens is a function of the abundance and infection prevalence of vectors. We assessed the determinants of Lyme-disease risk (density and Borrelia burgdorferi-infection prevalence of nymphal Ixodes ... ...

    Abstract Risk of human exposure to vector-borne zoonotic pathogens is a function of the abundance and infection prevalence of vectors. We assessed the determinants of Lyme-disease risk (density and Borrelia burgdorferi-infection prevalence of nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks) over 13 y on several field plots within eastern deciduous forests in the epicenter of US Lyme disease (Dutchess County, New York). We used a model comparison approach to simultaneously test the importance of ambient growing-season temperature, precipitation, two indices of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) abundance, and densities of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), and acorns (Quercus spp.), in both simple and multiple regression models, in predicting entomological risk. Indices of deer abundance had no predictive power, and precipitation in the current year and temperature in the prior year had only weak effects on entomological risk. The strongest predictors of a current year's risk were the prior year's abundance of mice and chipmunks and abundance of acorns 2 y previously. In no case did inclusion of deer or climate variables improve the predictive power of models based on rodents, acorns, or both. We conclude that interannual variation in entomological risk of exposure to Lyme disease is correlated positively with prior abundance of key hosts for the immature stages of the tick vector and with critical food resources for those hosts.
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 910
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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