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  1. Article ; Online: Radiofrequency ablation to achieve durable pulmonary vein isolation.

    Mulder, Mark J / Kemme, Michiel J B / Allaart, Cornelis P

    Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology

    2021  Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 874–886

    Abstract: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an important alternative to antiarrhythmic drugs in the treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. However, the inability to consistently achieve durable isolation of the pulmonary ... ...

    Abstract Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an important alternative to antiarrhythmic drugs in the treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. However, the inability to consistently achieve durable isolation of the pulmonary veins hampers the long-term efficacy of PVI procedures. The large number of factors involved in RF lesion formation and the complex interplay of these factors complicate reliable creation of durable and transmural ablation lesions. Various surrogate markers of ablation lesion formation have been proposed that may provide information on RF lesion completeness. Real-time assessment of these surrogates may aid in the creation of transmural ablation lesions, and therefore, holds potential to decrease the risk of PV reconnection and consequent post-PVI arrhythmia recurrence. Moreover, titration of energy delivery until lesions is transmural may prevent unnecessary ablation and subsequent adverse events. Whereas several surrogate markers of ablation lesion formation have been described over the past decades, a 'gold standard' is currently lacking. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of ablation strategies that aim to enhance durability of RF-PVI, with special focus on real-time available surrogates of RF lesion formation in light of the biophysical basis of RF ablation.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis ; Atrial Fibrillation/etiology ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery ; Catheter Ablation/adverse effects ; Catheter Ablation/methods ; Humans ; Pulmonary Veins/surgery ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1449879-0
    ISSN 1532-2092 ; 1099-5129
    ISSN (online) 1532-2092
    ISSN 1099-5129
    DOI 10.1093/europace/euab279
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  2. Article ; Online: Heart rate stability in a clinical setting and after a short exercise in healthy male volunteers.

    Wildenbeest, Fleur W H / Hassing, Gert-Jan / Kemme, Michiel J B / Moerland, Matthijs / Gal, Pim

    Clinical physiology and functional imaging

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 36–43

    Abstract: Introduction: Limited data exist on heart rate stabilization in the domiciled nature of phase I clinical studies, particularly when frequent measurements of QT intervals are involved. The present analysis aimed to evaluate heart rate stability in the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Limited data exist on heart rate stabilization in the domiciled nature of phase I clinical studies, particularly when frequent measurements of QT intervals are involved. The present analysis aimed to evaluate heart rate stability in the domiciled nature of, and stabilization after a short exercise.
    Methods: Fifty-six healthy male subjects were included in this analysis. Data during a domiciled clinical setting and after a short exercise were analysed. Mean values of 30 s intervals of collected electrocardiographical data (PR, RR, QT and QTcF intervals) during a 10-min supine resting period in a domiciled nature or after walking up and down three stories (100 steps) were compared to baseline values using paired t-tests or compared to the intrasubject standard deviation.
    Results: Stable heart rates and stable QTcF intervals observed immediately upon assuming a supine position in the domiciled clinical setting. After the short exercise, PR interval and RR interval were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter for up to 120 s (mean value -9.8 ± 7.2 ms) and 30 s (-160 ± 165 ms, p < 0.05), respectively. QT and QTcF intervals were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter for up to 90 and 120 s postexercise, respectively. Both QT and QTcF intervals stabilized after 2 min, but QT interval remained prolonged while QTcF interval returned to baseline levels.
    Conclusion: In a clinical setting, male volunteers do not require a waiting period for electrocardiographic parameter normalization. However, accurate measurement of these parameters following a short exercise necessitates a minimum 2-min resting interval.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Electrocardiography ; Healthy Volunteers ; Volunteers ; Double-Blind Method
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2071203-0
    ISSN 1475-097X ; 1475-0961
    ISSN (online) 1475-097X
    ISSN 1475-0961
    DOI 10.1111/cpf.12846
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  3. Article ; Online: Letter to the Editor.

    Hassing, Gerardus J / Kemme, Michiel J B / Gal, Pim

    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc

    2020  Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) e12755

    MeSH term(s) Bilirubin ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys
    Chemical Substances Bilirubin (RFM9X3LJ49)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1325530-7
    ISSN 1542-474X ; 1082-720X
    ISSN (online) 1542-474X
    ISSN 1082-720X
    DOI 10.1111/anec.12755
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  4. Article ; Online: Predicting Post-Infarct Ventricular Tachycardia by Integrating Cardiac MRI and Advanced Computational Reentrant Pathway Analysis.

    Bhagirath, Pranav / Campos, Fernando O / Zaidi, Hassan A / Chen, Zhong / Elliott, Mark / Gould, Justin / Kemme, Michiel J B / Wilde, Arthur A M / Götte, Marco J W / Postema, Pieter / Prassl, Anton J / Neic, Aurel / Plank, Gernot / Rinaldi, Christopher A / Bishop, Martin J

    Heart rhythm

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantation can protect against sudden cardiac death (SCD) after a myocardial infarction. However, improved risk stratification for device requirement is still needed.: Objective: To improve ... ...

    Abstract Background: Implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantation can protect against sudden cardiac death (SCD) after a myocardial infarction. However, improved risk stratification for device requirement is still needed.
    Objective: To improve assessment of post-infarct ventricular electro-pathology and prediction of appropriate ICD therapy by combining late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and advanced computational modelling.
    Methods: ADAS LV and custom-made software was used to generate 3D patient-specific ventricular models in a prospective cohort of post-infarct patients (n=40) having undergone LGE imaging pre-ICD implantation. Corridor metrics and 3D surface features were computed from LGE images. The Virtual Induction and Treatment of Arrhythmias (VITA) framework was applied to patient-specific models to comprehensively probe the vulnerability of the scar substrate to sustaining reentrant circuits. Imaging and VITA metrics, related to the numbers of induced VTs and their corresponding round trip times (RTTs), were compared with ICD therapy during follow-up.
    Results: Patients with an event (n=17) had a larger interface between healthy-scar and higher VITA metrics. Cox-regression demonstrated a significant independent association with an event: interface (HR 2.79; 1.44-5.44, p < .01), unique VTs (HR 1.67; CI 1.04-2.68, p = .03), mean RTT (HR 2.14; CI 1.11-4.12, p = .02), maximum RTT (HR 2.13; CI 1.19-3.81, p = .01).
    Conclusion: Detailed quantitative analysis of LGE based scarmaps, combined with advanced computational modeling, is able to accurately predict ICD therapy and could facilitate early identification of high-risk patients in addition to LVEF.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2229357-7
    ISSN 1556-3871 ; 1547-5271
    ISSN (online) 1556-3871
    ISSN 1547-5271
    DOI 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.077
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  5. Article ; Online: Left atrial sphericity in relation to atrial strain and strain rate in atrial fibrillation patients.

    Hopman, Luuk H G A / Bhagirath, Pranav / Mulder, Mark J / Demirkiran, Ahmet / Mathari, Sulayman El / van der Laan, Anja M / van Rossum, Albert C / Kemme, Michiel J B / Allaart, Cornelis P / Götte, Marco J W

    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging

    2023  Volume 39, Issue 9, Page(s) 1753–1763

    Abstract: Purpose: Left atrial (LA) sphericity is a novel, geometry-based parameter that has been used to visualize and quantify LA geometrical remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study examined the association between LA sphericity, and LA ...

    Abstract Purpose: Left atrial (LA) sphericity is a novel, geometry-based parameter that has been used to visualize and quantify LA geometrical remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study examined the association between LA sphericity, and LA longitudinal strain and strain rate measured by feature-tracking in AF patients.
    Methods: 128 AF patients who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in sinus rhythm prior to their pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedure were retrospectively analyzed. LA sphericity was calculated by segmenting the LA (excluding the pulmonary veins and the LA appendage) on a 3D contrast enhanced MR angiogram and comparing the resulting shape with a perfect sphere. LA global reservoir strain, conduit strain, contractile strain and corresponding strain rates were derived from cine images using feature-tracking. For statistical analysis, Pearson correlations, multivariable logistic regression analysis, and Student t-tests were used.
    Results: Patients with a spherical LA (dichotomized by the median value) had a lower reservoir strain and conduit strain compared to patients with a non-spherical LA (-15.4 ± 4.2% vs. -17.1 ± 3.5%, P = 0.02 and - 8.2 ± 3.0% vs. -9.5 ± 2.6%, P = 0.01, respectively). LA strain rate during early ventricular diastole was also different between both groups (-0.7 ± 0.3s
    Conclusions: LA passive strain is significantly impaired in AF patients with a spherical LA, though this relation was not independent from LA volume.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Atrial Fibrillation/diagnostic imaging ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Heart Atria ; Atrial Appendage ; Atrial Remodeling ; Catheter Ablation/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2055311-0
    ISSN 1875-8312 ; 1573-0743 ; 1569-5794 ; 0167-9899
    ISSN (online) 1875-8312 ; 1573-0743
    ISSN 1569-5794 ; 0167-9899
    DOI 10.1007/s10554-023-02866-2
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  6. Article ; Online: Left atrial strain is associated with arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation: Cardiac magnetic resonance rapid strain vs. feature tracking strain.

    Hopman, Luuk H G A / Mulder, Mark J / van der Laan, Anja M / Bhagirath, Pranav / Demirkiran, Ahmet / von Bartheld, Martin B / Kemme, Michiel J B / van Rossum, Albert C / Allaart, Cornelis P / Götte, Marco J W

    International journal of cardiology

    2023  Volume 378, Page(s) 23–31

    Abstract: Purpose: The present study assesses different left atrial (LA) strain approaches in relation to atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation and compares LA feature tracking (FT) strain to novel rapid LA strain approaches in AF patients.: ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The present study assesses different left atrial (LA) strain approaches in relation to atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation and compares LA feature tracking (FT) strain to novel rapid LA strain approaches in AF patients.
    Methods: This retrospective single-center study comprised of 110 prospectively recruited AF patients who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in sinus rhythm prior to their first pulmonary vein isolation ablation. LA rapid strain (long axis strain and atrioventricular (AV)-junction strain), LA FT strain, and LA volumes were derived from 2-chamber and 4-chamber cine images. AF recurrence was followed up for 12 months using either 12‑lead ECGs or rhythm Holter monitoring.
    Results: Arrhythmia recurrence was observed in 39 patients (36%) after the 90-day blanking period, occurring at a median of 181 (122-286) days. LA long axis strain, AV-junction strain, and FT strain were all more impaired in patients with AF recurrence compared to patients without AF recurrence (long axis strain: P < 0.01; AV-junction strain: P < 0.001; FT strain: P < 0.01, respectively). Area under the curve (AUC) values for LA remodeling parameters in association with AF recurrence were 0.68 for long axis strain, 0.68 for AV-junction strain, 0.66 for FT strain, 0.66 for LA volume index. Phasic FT LA strain demonstrated that contractile strain had the highest AUC (0.70).
    Conclusion: Both LA rapid strain and LA FT strain are associated with arrhythmia recurrence after ablation in AF patients. LA rapid strain can be a convenient and reproducible alternative for LA FT strain to assess LA function in clinical practice.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Atrial Fibrillation/diagnostic imaging ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery ; Atrial Fibrillation/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Heart Atria ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Catheter Ablation/adverse effects ; Catheter Ablation/methods ; Recurrence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779519-1
    ISSN 1874-1754 ; 0167-5273
    ISSN (online) 1874-1754
    ISSN 0167-5273
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.02.019
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  7. Article ; Online: Arrhythmogenic vulnerability of re-entrant pathways in post-infarct ventricular tachycardia assessed by advanced computational modelling.

    Bhagirath, Pranav / Campos, Fernando O / Postema, Pieter / Kemme, Michiel J B / Wilde, Arthur A M / Prassl, Anton J / Neic, Aurel / Rinaldi, Christopher A / Götte, Marco J W / Plank, Gernot / Bishop, Martin J

    Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 9

    Abstract: Aims: Substrate assessment of scar-mediated ventricular tachycardia (VT) is frequently performed using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images. Although this provides structural information about critical pathways through the scar, assessing the ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Substrate assessment of scar-mediated ventricular tachycardia (VT) is frequently performed using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images. Although this provides structural information about critical pathways through the scar, assessing the vulnerability of these pathways for sustaining VT is not possible with imaging alone.This study evaluated the performance of a novel automated re-entrant pathway finding algorithm to non-invasively predict VT circuit and inducibility.
    Methods: Twenty post-infarct VT-ablation patients were included for retrospective analysis. Commercially available software (ADAS3D left ventricular) was used to generate scar maps from 2D-LGE images using the default 40-60 pixel-signal-intensity (PSI) threshold. In addition, algorithm sensitivity for altered thresholds was explored using PSI 45-55, 35-65, and 30-70. Simulations were performed on the Virtual Induction and Treatment of Arrhythmias (VITA) framework to identify potential sites of block and assess their vulnerability depending on the automatically computed round-trip-time (RTT). Metrics, indicative of substrate complexity, were correlated with VT-recurrence during follow-up.
    Results: Total VTs (85 ± 43 vs. 42 ± 27) and unique VTs (9 ± 4 vs. 5 ± 4) were significantly higher in patients with- compared to patients without recurrence, and were predictive of recurrence with area under the curve of 0.820 and 0.770, respectively. VITA was robust to scar threshold variations with no significant impact on total and unique VTs, and mean RTT between the four models. Simulation metrics derived from PSI 45-55 model had the highest number of parameters predictive for post-ablation VT-recurrence.
    Conclusion: Advanced computational metrics can non-invasively and robustly assess VT substrate complexity, which may aid personalized clinical planning and decision-making in the treatment of post-infarction VT.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Algorithms ; Catheter Ablation ; Cicatrix/complications ; Computer Simulation ; Myocardial Infarction/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery ; Reproducibility of Results ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1449879-0
    ISSN 1532-2092 ; 1099-5129
    ISSN (online) 1532-2092
    ISSN 1099-5129
    DOI 10.1093/europace/euad198
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  8. Article ; Online: Effect of short-term fasting on electrocardiographic parameters.

    van der Stuijt, Willeke / Gal, Pim / Kemme, Michiel J B / Burggraaf, Jacobus

    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc

    2019  Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) e12643

    Abstract: Introduction: During early drug development trials, electrocardiograms (ECGs) in healthy volunteers who are in a fasting state are evaluated to screen for possible adverse cardiac effects. However, the effect of the duration of fasting on ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: During early drug development trials, electrocardiograms (ECGs) in healthy volunteers who are in a fasting state are evaluated to screen for possible adverse cardiac effects. However, the effect of the duration of fasting on electrocardiographic parameters is largely unknown. We compared the effects of fasting on standard 12-lead electrocardiographic recordings.
    Methods: Electrocardiograms were available for 432 healthy subjects (mean age 28.5 ± 12.5; 88.9% male) who participated in early drug development studies after 4- and 10-hr fasting. All ECGs were automatically analyzed for conduction intervals and wave amplitudes with the Marquette 12SL algorithm and compared among fasting duration. Mixed model analyses were used to identify confounding variables.
    Results: After 10 hr of fasting, compared to after 4 hr of fasting, mean P-wave duration and amplitude were reduced by 1.95 ± 1.48 ms and 2.18 ± 2.75 μV, mean R wave and S wave amplitude were decreased by 25.83 ± 31.16 μV and 55.39 ± 78.72 μV, mean QRS duration was decreased by 1.84 ± 6.61 ms, and mean T-wave duration and amplitude were decreased by 2.06 ± 0.72 ms and 9.36 ± 17.21 μV (lead II). The mean PR interval was prolonged by 4.26 ± 17.67 ms, the ventricular rate was reduced by 3.64 ± 8.61 min, and QTcF was reduced by 3.87 ± 14.50 ms. These observations persisted after correction for demographics, electrolytes, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and diurnal variation.
    Conclusion: The present analysis showed that 10-hr fasting compared to 4-hr fasting resulted in changes to the surface ECG, consisting of a reduced wave amplitude and duration and increased isoelectric interval duration.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Drug Development ; Electrocardiography ; Fasting ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Netherlands ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1325530-7
    ISSN 1542-474X ; 1082-720X
    ISSN (online) 1542-474X
    ISSN 1082-720X
    DOI 10.1111/anec.12643
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  9. Article ; Online: A phase 1 trial of AP30663, a K

    Yfanti, Christina / Vestbjerg, Birgitte / Van't Westende, Juliette / Edvardsson, Nils / Monfort, Laia Meseguer / Olesen, Morten Salling / Bentzen, Bo Hjorth / Grunnet, Morten / Eveleens Maarse, Boukje C / Diness, Jonas Goldin / Kemme, Michiel J B / Sørensen, Ulrik / Moerland, Matthijs / van Esdonk, Michiel J / Klaassen, Erica S / Gal, Pim / Holst, Anders G

    British journal of clinical pharmacology

    2024  Volume 90, Issue 4, Page(s) 1027–1035

    Abstract: Aims: AP30663 is a novel compound under development for pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation by targeting the small conductance Ca: Methods: Sixteen healthy male volunteers were randomized into 2 cohorts: 6- and 8-mg/kg intravenous ... ...

    Abstract Aims: AP30663 is a novel compound under development for pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation by targeting the small conductance Ca
    Methods: Sixteen healthy male volunteers were randomized into 2 cohorts: 6- and 8-mg/kg intravenous single-dose administration of AP30663 vs. placebo. Safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data were collected.
    Results: AP30663 was associated with mild and transient infusion site reactions with no clustering of other adverse events but with an estimated maximum mean QTcF interval prolongation of 45.2 ms (95% confidence interval 31.5-58.9) in the 6 mg/kg dose level and 50.4 ms (95% confidence interval 36.7-64.0) with 8 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetics was dose proportional with terminal half-life of around 3 h.
    Conclusion: AP30663 in doses up to 8 mg/kg was associated with mild and transient infusion site reactions and an increase of the QTcF interval. Supporting Information support that the QTc effect may be explained by an off-target inhibition of the I
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Atrial Fibrillation/chemically induced ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Injection Site Reaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 188974-6
    ISSN 1365-2125 ; 0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
    ISSN (online) 1365-2125
    ISSN 0306-5251 ; 0264-3774
    DOI 10.1111/bcp.15973
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  10. Article ; Online: Strategies for repeat ablation for atrial fibrillation: A multicentre comparison of nonpulmonary vein versus pulmonary vein target ablation.

    Mol, Daniel / Mulder, Mark J / Veenstra, Rob / Allaart, Cornelis P / Hof, Irene E / Kemme, Michiel J B / Khan, Muchtiar / Kimman, Geert-Jan P / Mairuhu, Gideon / de Ruiter, Gijsbert S / Tahapary, Giovanni J M / de Groot, Joris R / de Jong, Jonas S S G

    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 885–896

    Abstract: Introduction: Approximately 18% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergo a repeat ablation within 12 months after their index ablation. Despite the high prevalence, comparative studies on nonpulmonary vein (PV) target strategies in repeat AF ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Approximately 18% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergo a repeat ablation within 12 months after their index ablation. Despite the high prevalence, comparative studies on nonpulmonary vein (PV) target strategies in repeat AF ablation are scarce. Here, we describe 12 months efficacy of non-PV and PV target ablations as a repeat ablation strategy.
    Methods: A multicentre retrospective, descriptive study was conducted with data of 280 patients who underwent repeat AF ablation. The ablation strategy for repeat ablation was at the operators' discretion. Non-PV target ablation (n = 140) included PV reisolation, posterior wall isolation, mitral line, roofline, and/or complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation. PV target ablation (n = 140), included reisolation and/or wide atrium circumferential ablation. Patients' demographics and rhythm outcomes during 12 months follow-up were analyzed.
    Results: At 12 months, more atrial tachyarrhythmias were observed in the non-PV target group (48.6%) compared to the PV target group (29.3%, p = .001). Similarly, a significantly higher AF and atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence rate was observed after non-PV target ablation compared to PV target ablation (36.4% vs. 22.1% and 22.9% vs. 10.7%). After adjustment, a significantly higher risk of AT recurrence remained in the non-PV target group. Both groups significantly de-escalated antiarrhythmic drug use; de-escalation was more profound after PV target ablation. Patients with isolated PVs during non-PV target ablation had a significantly higher risk for AF recurrence than those with reconnected PVs.
    Conclusion: Compared to PV target ablation, non-PV target repeat ablation did not improve outcomes after 12 months and was independently associated with an increased risk for AT recurrences.
    MeSH term(s) Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis ; Atrial Fibrillation/etiology ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery ; Catheter Ablation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Pulmonary Veins/surgery ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 1025989-2
    ISSN 1540-8167 ; 1045-3873
    ISSN (online) 1540-8167
    ISSN 1045-3873
    DOI 10.1111/jce.15441
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