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  1. Article ; Online: A longitudinal, narrative case-study of interprofessional socialization among pharmacy students.

    Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie / Crespo, Katie / Price, Sheri

    Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 11, Page(s) 925–932

    Abstract: Introduction: Despite growing evidence that interprofessional education (IPE) develops students' attitudes and competencies towards collaboration, there is a lack of theoretical, longitudinal research to inform the development of IPE initiatives. The ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Despite growing evidence that interprofessional education (IPE) develops students' attitudes and competencies towards collaboration, there is a lack of theoretical, longitudinal research to inform the development of IPE initiatives. The purpose of this study was to examine pharmacy student interprofessional identity development during early professional and interprofessional socialization experiences in the pharmacy curriculum and at early entry into pharmacy practice.
    Methods: This longitudinal, narrative case study used one-on-one, semi-structured interviews conducted at four time points; pre-entry, end of first term, end of first year, and two years post-graduation. Data were analyzed by narrative analysis.
    Results: Three participants completed interviews at all four time points. Narratives revealed that participants focused on understanding the roles of pharmacists and other health professionals during early pharmacy curriculum and IPE experiences. Expansion of profession-specific role understanding and confronting pre-existing views or stereotypes were an emphasis early in the curriculum. Participants most valued IPE opportunities that allowed them to enact their own role while working with others in authentic case-based, simulated, or experiential experiences that enabled the development of professional relationships. Interprofessional identity development early upon entry into pharmacy practice varied based on the practice setting context and the ability to form relationships with other health care providers.
    Conclusions: This study provides a preliminary exploration into the process of early interprofessional socialization for pharmacy students. Understanding the process of interprofessional identity development may affirm or enhance understanding of IPE curricula; further exploration in pharmacy curricula and practice is warranted.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2515217-8
    ISSN 1877-1300 ; 1877-1297
    ISSN (online) 1877-1300
    ISSN 1877-1297
    DOI 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.09.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Categorization of deprescribing communication tools: A scoping review.

    Chan, Bridgette / Isenor, Jennifer E / Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie

    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 6, Page(s) 640–652

    Abstract: Background: Deprescribing can be beneficial to a wide variety of patients but is often not done due to barriers including lack of time and challenges starting conversations.: Objectives: This study aimed to identify and broadly categorize existing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Deprescribing can be beneficial to a wide variety of patients but is often not done due to barriers including lack of time and challenges starting conversations.
    Objectives: This study aimed to identify and broadly categorize existing deprescribing communication tools for clinicians and patients.
    Methods: Our scoping review protocol was based on the Arksey and O'Malley methods and incorporated the Levac and Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and grey literature were searched, with two independent reviewers assessing eligibility. A backwards search of the texts chosen for full text screen was completed. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction using a pre-specified data collection form.
    Findings: Databases identified 1121 results, searching of grey literature identified 49 results, and backwards searching identified 1323 results. After screening, 32 resources were included which contained 40 unique tools. Most tools were Canadian and targeted adults over 65 years old living in the community. Most tools had not been tested in the intended patient audience or evaluated for effectiveness.
    Discussion: Deprescribing tools have been developed to facilitate conversations by providing structure, education, and decision-making approaches. More research is needed to test the effectiveness of existing tools.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Deprescriptions ; Canada ; Communication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2134679-3
    ISSN 1742-7843 ; 1742-7835
    ISSN (online) 1742-7843
    ISSN 1742-7835
    DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13886
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Making it happen: Development of an interprofessional deprescribing education programme.

    Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie / Ramsay, Emma / Gormley, Hannah / Isenor, Jennifer E

    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology

    2023  Volume 134, Issue 1, Page(s) 107–115

    Abstract: Deprescribing is the planned and supervised reduction or discontinuation of medications that may be causing harm or are no longer benefiting a patient. The need for deprescribing to be a routine part of patient care is essential with an aging population ... ...

    Abstract Deprescribing is the planned and supervised reduction or discontinuation of medications that may be causing harm or are no longer benefiting a patient. The need for deprescribing to be a routine part of patient care is essential with an aging population and the rising prevalence of polypharmacy, which has been associated with increased adverse outcomes such as falls, hospitalizations and mortality. Deprescribing is a complex intervention that requires collaboration between the patient, caregivers and healthcare providers to adequately support all involved, as well as to ensure medications are not restarted in error. The objective of this article is to describe the stepwise approach to planning and ongoing development of an online, interprofessional deprescribing education programme for healthcare providers and students with the goal of enhancing deprescribing practice. There were four main planning and development components: (1) a needs assessment to provide guidance on programme design, development and delivery; (2) a consultative programme planning process with an advisory group of stakeholders and patient partners to inform programme learning outcomes and content; (3) a core development team for the creation of programme content; and (4) planning for programme evaluation. Based on the stepwise and consultative process, programme outcomes were identified, and five modules were developed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Deprescriptions ; Health Personnel ; Aging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2134679-3
    ISSN 1742-7843 ; 1742-7835
    ISSN (online) 1742-7843
    ISSN 1742-7835
    DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13950
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Indicators, influences, and changes in professional identity formation in early experiential learning in community pharmacy.

    Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie / Gormley, Hannah / Davies, Harriet / Whelan, Anne Marie / Framp, Heidi / Price, Sheri / Janke, Kristin K

    Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 414–426

    Abstract: Background: Experiential education is a key area in the pharmacy curriculum that professional identity formation (PIF) occurs. However, little is known about PIF influences and supports for pharmacy students during early experiential placements. The ... ...

    Abstract Background: Experiential education is a key area in the pharmacy curriculum that professional identity formation (PIF) occurs. However, little is known about PIF influences and supports for pharmacy students during early experiential placements. The study aimed to explore pharmacy student PIF in an early experiential rotation in community pharmacy using reflective writing.
    Educational activity and setting: First-year pharmacy students completed written reflections describing their professional identity and influencing experiences, before and after a four-week community introductory pharmacy practice experience. Qualitative content analysis of the written reflections was performed using three analytical approaches: (1) deductive coding based on professional identity indicators; (2) inductive coding to identify influences; and (3) inductive coding of field notes to identify changes between pre- and post-written reflections.
    Findings: Twelve students participated. All participants described discrete professional attributes and behaviors and valuing a patient-centered approach as part of their professional identity. Participants reported observation of pharmacists, the curriculum, and previous work experience influenced PIF prior to the experiential rotation. A strong influencer of PIF during the rotation was observation of pharmacist preceptors, whereas participants' own experiences were described less often. Changes in professional identity among participants were subtle and categorized as affirmation, acquisition, and growth.
    Summary: Pharmacy students' markers and influencers of PIF should be considered when developing curricular experiences and preceptor development that support PIF. The use of professional identity indicators and analysis of written reflections as a method to uncover PIF, shows promise and warrants further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Problem-Based Learning ; Pharmacies ; Social Identification ; Education, Pharmacy/methods ; Students, Pharmacy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2515217-8
    ISSN 1877-1300 ; 1877-1297
    ISSN (online) 1877-1300
    ISSN 1877-1297
    DOI 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.04.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Pharmacy student contribution to direct patient care during inpatient hospital experiential rotations: a scoping review.

    Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie / Cameron, Karen / Humphrey, Mari / Donovan, Cortney / Isenor, Jennifer E / Toombs, Kent / Fernandes, Olavo A

    The International journal of pharmacy practice

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 585–593

    Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this scoping review was to identify and characterise pharmacy students' contributions to extend pharmacist's direct patient care during inpatient hospital experiential rotations.: Methods: A search of PubMed, Embase and CINAHL ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The aim of this scoping review was to identify and characterise pharmacy students' contributions to extend pharmacist's direct patient care during inpatient hospital experiential rotations.
    Methods: A search of PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases from 2000 to July 2021 was conducted. Articles were included if they involved pharmacy students during experiential rotations, described student's contribution to direct patient care in the inpatient hospital setting, and reported outcomes. Included articles were categorised according to clinical pharmacy key performance indicators (cpKPIs) and non-cpKPI care activities. Students' contributions to reported outcomes were extracted and summarised.
    Key findings: Thirty-six of 1182 identified articles were included which were either descriptive or quasi-experimental design. Studies reported student involvement in the delivery of single or multiple cpKPIs: medication reconciliation on admission (n = 13), pharmaceutical care (n = 13), interprofessional care rounds (n = 4), patient education during hospital stay (n = 6), medication reconciliation at discharge (n = 7) and patient education at discharge (n = 10). Eight studies reported student involvement in non-cpKPI activities, including clinical interventions (n = 5), clinical services (n = 2) and postdischarge follow-up (n = 1). Reported outcomes included service measure counts, process and clinical outcome measures.
    Summary: This review identified the contributions of pharmacy students in the provision of a range of direct patient care services and associated outcomes during experiential rotations in the inpatient hospital setting. Students delivering care as part of the pharmacy team as 'care extenders' has the potential to expose more patients to key pharmacist activities that have been linked to demonstrated positive outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pharmacists ; Students, Pharmacy ; Aftercare ; Inpatients ; Patient Discharge ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital ; Patient Care ; Hospitals ; Education, Pharmacy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1087040-4
    ISSN 2042-7174 ; 0961-7671
    ISSN (online) 2042-7174
    ISSN 0961-7671
    DOI 10.1093/ijpp/riad057
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A Narrative Inquiry of Critical Events Supporting Professional Identity Formation in Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences.

    Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie / Crespo, Katie / Janke, Kristin K / Davies, Harriet / Whelan, Anne Marie / Bishop, Andrea / Price, Sheri

    American journal of pharmaceutical education

    2023  Volume 88, Issue 1, Page(s) 100614

    Abstract: Objective: Professional identity formation (PIF) is the process of internalizing a profession's core values and beliefs so that one begins to think, act, and feel like a member of that profession. PIF occurs over an individual's professional ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Professional identity formation (PIF) is the process of internalizing a profession's core values and beliefs so that one begins to think, act, and feel like a member of that profession. PIF occurs over an individual's professional socialization in stages, precipitated by critical moments or experiences. The purpose of this study was to answer the following: (1) What are the critical events for pharmacy student PIF in introductory pharmacy practice experiences?; and (2) How do these events support or challenge PIF?
    Methods: This study used critical event narrative inquiry methodology. A critical event is an experience that creates a change in understanding and affects professional performance. Semistructured interviews were conducted with pharmacy students who completed introductory pharmacy practice experience rotations in community (first year) and hospital (second year) settings. Interviews were coded and analyzed using narrative analysis.
    Results: Twelve first-year and 10 second-year students participated in this study. Narratives revealed that common experiential education experiences resulted in a deeper understanding of core role elements (ie, professional autonomy, responsibility, interprofessional collaboration, and patient-centered care), leading to changes in agency, knowledge, and anticipated future behaviors. While first-year participants' narratives mainly focused on understanding pharmacist roles ("what"), second-year participants focused on understanding the process to fulfill those roles ("how to"). Emotions, assuming responsibility, external validation, and preceptor guidance supported these events.
    Conclusion: Critical events in introductory pharmacy practice experiences affect and shape pharmacy students' PIF. These events are relevant to pharmacy education because these experiences can result in changes in knowledge, agency, or future behaviors for students.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Education, Pharmacy/methods ; Curriculum ; Social Identification ; Pharmacy ; Pharmaceutical Services ; Students, Pharmacy/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603807-4
    ISSN 1553-6467 ; 0002-9459
    ISSN (online) 1553-6467
    ISSN 0002-9459
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100614
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Patient perspectives on the vital primary care role of community pharmacists in Nova Scotia, Canada: qualitative findings from the PUPPY Study.

    Isenor, Jennifer E / Renaud, Lauren / Mathews, Maria / Morrison, Bobbi / Murphy, Andrea L / Bishop, Andrea / Bowles, Susan K / Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie / Peddle, Sarah / Breton, Mylaine / Green, Michael E / Marshall, Emily G

    The International journal of pharmacy practice

    2024  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 216–222

    Abstract: Objectives: Community pharmacists play an important role in primary care access and delivery for all patients, including patients with a family physician or nurse practitioner ("attached") and patients without a family physician or nurse practitioner (" ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Community pharmacists play an important role in primary care access and delivery for all patients, including patients with a family physician or nurse practitioner ("attached") and patients without a family physician or nurse practitioner ("unattached"). During the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacists were accessible care providers for unattached patients and patients who had difficulty accessing their usual primary care providers ("semi-attached"). Before and during the pandemic, pharmacist services expanded in several Canadian provinces. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore patient experiences receiving care from community pharmacists, and their perspectives on the scope of practice of community pharmacists.
    Methods: Fifteen patients in Nova Scotia, Canada, were interviewed. Participant narratives pertaining to pharmacist care were analyzed thematically.
    Key findings: Attached, "semi-attached," and unattached patients valued community pharmacists as a cornerstone of care and sought pharmacists for a variety of health services, including triaging and system navigation. Patients spoke positively about expanding the scope of practice for community pharmacists, and better optimization of pharmacists in primary care.
    Conclusions: System decision-makers should consider the positive role community pharmacists can play in achieving primary care across the Quintuple Aim (population health, patient and provider experiences, reducing costs, and supporting equity in health).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nova Scotia ; Primary Health Care/organization & administration ; Professional Role ; Pharmacists/organization & administration ; Male ; Female ; Community Pharmacy Services/organization & administration ; Middle Aged ; Qualitative Research ; Aged ; Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Services Accessibility
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1087040-4
    ISSN 2042-7174 ; 0961-7671
    ISSN (online) 2042-7174
    ISSN 0961-7671
    DOI 10.1093/ijpp/riae008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Supporting Interprofessional Collaboration in Deprescribing: Needs Assessment for an Education Program.

    Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie / Gormley, Hannah / McSweeney-Flaherty, Jill Marie / Cassidy, Christine / Kits, Olga / Trenaman, Shanna / Isenor, Jennifer E

    The Journal of continuing education in the health professions

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 208–211

    Abstract: Introduction: : Deprescribing is a complex process involving patients and healthcare providers. The aim of the project was to examine the learning needs and preferences of healthcare providers and students to inform the development of an ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: : Deprescribing is a complex process involving patients and healthcare providers. The aim of the project was to examine the learning needs and preferences of healthcare providers and students to inform the development of an interprofessional deprescribing education program.
    Methods: : An online survey of pharmacists, nurses, nurse practitioners, family physicians, and associated students practicing or studying in Nova Scotia was conducted. Respondents were recruited by purposive and snowball sampling to have at least five respondents within each professional/student group. Questions captured participant's self-reported comfort level and professional role for 12 deprescribing tasks and their learning preferences.
    Results: : Sixty-nine respondents (46 healthcare providers and 23 students) completed the questionnaire. Average comfort levels for all 12 deprescribing tasks ranged from 40.22 to 78.90 of 100. Respondents reported their preferred deprescribing learning activities as watching videos and working through case studies. Healthcare providers preferred to learn asynchronously online, while students preferred a mix of online and in-person delivery.
    Discussion: : Learning needs related to deprescribing tasks and roles were identified, as well as preferences for format and delivery of education. Development of an education program that can provide a shared understanding of collaborative deprescribing tailored to learner preferences may improve deprescribing in practice.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639445-0
    ISSN 1554-558X ; 0894-1912
    ISSN (online) 1554-558X
    ISSN 0894-1912
    DOI 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000478
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Using the behavior change wheel to link published deprescribing strategies to identified local primary healthcare needs" [Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm. (2022) 3350-3357].

    Bai, Isaac / Isenor, Jennifer E / Reeve, Emily / Whelan, Anne Marie / Martin-Misener, Ruth / Burgess, Sarah / Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie

    Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) 4016

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2192059-X
    ISSN 1934-8150 ; 1551-7411
    ISSN (online) 1934-8150
    ISSN 1551-7411
    DOI 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.08.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Implementation of pharmacist-led deprescribing in collaborative primary care settings.

    Trenaman, Shanna C / Kennie-Kaulbach, Natalie / d'Entremont-MacVicar, Eden / Isenor, Jennifer E / Goodine, Carole / Jarrett, Pamela / Andrew, Melissa K

    International journal of clinical pharmacy

    2022  Volume 44, Issue 5, Page(s) 1216–1221

    Abstract: In many jurisdictions pharmacists share prescribing responsibilities with other members of the primary care team. Responsibility for deprescribing, the healthcare professional supervised withdrawal of medications that are no longer needed, has not been ... ...

    Abstract In many jurisdictions pharmacists share prescribing responsibilities with other members of the primary care team. Responsibility for deprescribing, the healthcare professional supervised withdrawal of medications that are no longer needed, has not been assumed by a specific member of the primary care team. In this commentary we describe implementation of pharmacist-led deprescribing in collaborative primary care settings using the seven components of knowledge translation. Patient and stakeholder engagement shaped the deprescribing intervention. The intervention was implemented in three collaborative primary care clinics in two Canadian provinces. The evaluation included measures of medication appropriateness, patient satisfaction, and healthcare professional satisfaction. Pharmacist-led deprescribing in primary care was acceptable to both patients and healthcare professionals and demonstrated a reduction of medications deemed to confer more risk than benefit. Our findings support successes in pharmacist-led deprescribing. Future work is needed to understand how to successfully implement and evaluate pharmacist-led deprescribing more widely.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pharmacists ; Deprescriptions ; Canada ; Health Personnel ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2601204-2
    ISSN 2210-7711 ; 2210-7703 ; 0928-1231
    ISSN (online) 2210-7711
    ISSN 2210-7703 ; 0928-1231
    DOI 10.1007/s11096-022-01449-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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