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Article ; Online: Evolutionary Dynamics of Gig Economy Labor Strategies under Technology, Policy and Market Influence

Kevin Hu / Feng Fu

Games, Vol 12, Iss 49, p

2021 Volume 49

Abstract: The emergence of the modern gig economy introduces a new set of employment considerations for firms and laborers that include various trade-offs. With a game-theoretical approach, we examine the influences of technology, policy and markets on firm and ... ...

Abstract	The emergence of the modern gig economy introduces a new set of employment considerations for firms and laborers that include various trade-offs. With a game-theoretical approach, we examine the influences of technology, policy and markets on firm and worker preferences for gig labor. Theoretically, we present new conceptual extensions to the replicator equation and model oscillating dynamics in two-player asymmetric bi-matrix games with time-evolving environments, introducing concepts of the attractor arc, trapping zone and escape. While canonical applications of evolutionary game theory focus on the evolutionary stable strategy, our model assumes that the system exhibits oscillatory dynamics and can persist for long temporal intervals in a pseudo-stable state. We demonstrate how changing market conditions result in distinct evolutionary patterns across labor economies. Informing tensions regarding the future of this new employment category, we present a novel payoff framework to analyze the role of technology on the growth of the gig economy. Regarding governance, we explore regulatory implications within the gig economy, demonstrating how intervals of lenient and strict policy alter firm and worker sensitivities between gig and employee labor strategies. Finally, we establish an aggregate economic framework to explain how technology, policy and market environments engage in an interlocking dance, a balancing act, to sustain the observable co-existence of gig and employee labor strategies.
Keywords	evolutionary game theory ; gig worker ; evolutionary economics ; social learning ; oscillatory dynamics ; Technology ; T ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Injectable therapies for knee osteoarthritis

Jack B. Ding / Kevin Hu

Rheumatology, Vol 59, Iss 5, Pp 330-

2021 Volume 339

Abstract: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis that mainly affects older adults. Over time, osteoarthritis can result in significant and sustained discomfort, pain, and disability. Current treatment focuses on the alleviation of pain and functional ... ...

Abstract	Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis that mainly affects older adults. Over time, osteoarthritis can result in significant and sustained discomfort, pain, and disability. Current treatment focuses on the alleviation of pain and functional impairment. While arthroplasty is the definitive management option, it subjects patients to surgical complications, and the possibility of surgical revisions. In addition, many patients are not surgical candidates. Instead, pharmacological therapy is recommended first-line for most patients. On top of pharmacological therapy, there are a range of non-operative procedural options available. However, leading professional guidelines vary in their recommendations for these agents. Therefore, we present a review of recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses on injectable corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cell injections, and ozone therapy. The preliminary data reveal the strongest evidence in favour of corticosteroid injections, although there are promising findings regarding the long-term efficacy of HA and PRP.
Keywords	osteoarthritis ; hyaluronic acid ; platelet-rich plasma ; intra-articular corticosteroids ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Termedia Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The geography of overdose in British Columbia.

Amanda Slaunwhite / Kevin Hu / Brian Klinkenberg / Wenqi Gan

International Journal of Population Data Science, Vol 7, Iss

2022 Volume 3

Abstract: Illicit drug toxicity poisoning (overdose) continues to be a public health emergency in British Columbia (BC) with record high rates of illicit drug toxicity during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, 2224 people died of overdose in BC with some of the ... ...

Abstract	Illicit drug toxicity poisoning (overdose) continues to be a public health emergency in British Columbia (BC) with record high rates of illicit drug toxicity during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, 2224 people died of overdose in BC with some of the highest rates recorded in rural and remote regions. Understanding the geographic variations in overdose mortality risk is necessary to avoid disproportionate risk resulting from service access inequity. Using novel linked administrative health data from the BC Provincial Overdose Cohort we estimated the odds of fatal overdose per event (2015 - 2018) using both conventional logistic regression and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). The results of GAM were mapped to identify spatial-temporal trends in the risk of fatal overdose. We found that the likelihood of fatal overdose was about 20% higher in rural areas than in large urban centers, with some regions reporting odds 50% higher than others. Temporal variations in fatal risk exhibit an increasing trend over the entire province. However, risks in the Interior and Northern BC increased earlier and faster. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of geography to health outcomes and suggest that rural and remote regions may lack harm reduction services to counteract the province-wide increase in illicit drug toxicity death.
Keywords	substance use ; linked administrative health data ; overdose ; geography ; spatial epidemiology ; Demography. Population. Vital events ; HB848-3697
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Swansea University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Integrated evaluation of telomerase activation and telomere maintenance across cancer cell lines

Kevin Hu / Mahmoud Ghandi / Franklin W Huang

eLife, Vol

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: In cancer, telomere maintenance is critical for the development of replicative immortality. Using genome sequences from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Project, we calculated telomere content across 1299 ... ...

Abstract	In cancer, telomere maintenance is critical for the development of replicative immortality. Using genome sequences from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Project, we calculated telomere content across 1299 cancer cell lines. We find that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression correlates with telomere content in lung, central nervous system, and leukemia cell lines. Using CRISPR/Cas9 screening data, we show that lower telomeric content is associated with dependency of CST telomere maintenance genes. Increased dependencies of shelterin members are associated with wild-type TP53 status. Investigating the epigenetic regulation of TERT, we find widespread allele-specific expression in promoter-wildtype contexts. TERT promoter-mutant cell lines exhibit hypomethylation at PRC2-repressed regions, suggesting a cooperative global epigenetic state in the reactivation of telomerase. By incorporating telomere content with genomic features across comprehensively characterized cell lines, we provide further insights into the role of telomere regulation in cancer immortality.
Keywords	cancer ; telomeres ; genomics ; cell lines ; genetics ; CCLE ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lipofuscin-like autofluorescence within microglia and its impact on studying microglial engulfment

Jacob M. Stillman / Francisco Mendes Lopes / Jing-Ping Lin / Kevin Hu / Daniel S. Reich / Dorothy P. Schafer

Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Engulfment of cellular material and proteins is a key function for microglia, a resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the techniques used to measure microglial engulfment, confocal light microscopy has been used the most ...

Abstract	Abstract Engulfment of cellular material and proteins is a key function for microglia, a resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the techniques used to measure microglial engulfment, confocal light microscopy has been used the most extensively. Here, we show that autofluorescence (AF) likely due to lipofuscin (lipo-AF) and typically associated with aging, can also be detected within microglial lysosomes in the young mouse brain by light microscopy. This lipo-AF signal accumulates first within microglia and it occurs earliest in white versus gray matter. Importantly, in gray matter, lipo-AF signal can confound the interpretation of antibody-labeled synaptic material within microglia in young adult mice. We further show that there is an age-dependent accumulation of lipo-AF inside and outside of microglia, which is not affected by amyloid plaques. We finally implement a robust and cost-effective strategy to quench AF in mouse, marmoset, and human brain tissue.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Misuse

Jack B. Ding / Marcus Z. Ng / Steven S. Huang / Mark Ding / Kevin Hu

Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol

Mechanisms, Patterns of Misuse, User Typology, and Adverse Effects

2021 Volume 2021

Abstract: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) encompass a broad group of natural and synthetic androgens. AAS misuse is highly prevalent on a global scale, with the lifetime prevalence of AAS misuse in males being estimated to be around 6%, with 15 to 25% of male ... ...

Abstract	Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) encompass a broad group of natural and synthetic androgens. AAS misuse is highly prevalent on a global scale, with the lifetime prevalence of AAS misuse in males being estimated to be around 6%, with 15 to 25% of male gym attendees using it at any one time. AAS are associated with sudden cardiac death, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and infertility. The average AAS user is unlikely to voluntarily declare their usage to a physician, with around 1 in 10 actively engaging in unsafe injection techniques. The aim of this paper is to review the current evidence base on AAS with emphasis on mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and user profiles that are most likely to engage in AAS misuse. This paper also reviews terminologies and uses methods specific to the AAS user community.
Keywords	Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Differences in Self-expression Reflect Formal Evaluation in a Fourth-year Emergency Medicine Clerkship

Michael Chary / Amy Leuthauser / Kevin Hu / Braden Hexom

Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 174-

2017 Volume 180

Abstract: Introduction: Medical schools have begun to incorporate self-reflection exercises into their curricula, with the belief that these exercises help students master the material more deeply and perform better. Reflection may be a potential learning tool for ...

Abstract	Introduction: Medical schools have begun to incorporate self-reflection exercises into their curricula, with the belief that these exercises help students master the material more deeply and perform better. Reflection may be a potential learning tool for emergency medicine (EM), but there are few data supporting this hypothesis. The authors evaluated the relationship between a linguistic marker of the degree of reflection after a student’s shift in an emergency department and that student’s clerkship performance. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective case series by analyzing the performance and reflective statements of 116 students from a single medical school who participated in a required EM clerkship at one or two of four clinical sites from 2013-14. After each shift, an attending emergency physician evaluated the student according to the RIME (Reporter-Interpreter-Manager- Educator) scheme. The authors developed software to extract the text from those comments, remove uninformative words and standardize the remaining words. The authors determined the most common words and two-word phrases that students used to describe their shift. The correlation between students’ final clerkship grades and the fraction of student comments with at least one content word was analyzed. Results: Of the 145 possible students, 116 were included for analysis. The other 29 were excluded as they were visiting students who did not receive a fi nal numeric grade. The correlation between final grade and the number of completed self-reflections was 0.32. The correlation between final grade and the average number of words in each self -reflection was 0.21. The first correlation is significantly greater than 0 (p=0.03, t-test), but the second correlation is not (p=0.16, t-test). The median final grade of those who wrote reflections on more tha n half of their shifts was significantly greater than those who wrote reflections half of the time, 83.675 versus 79.23 (p=0.05, 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Conclusion: Students who ...
Keywords	Clerkship ; Emergency Medicine ; Self-expression ; Medicine ; R ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eScholarship Publishing, University of California
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Flux estimation analysis systematically characterizes the metabolic shifts of the central metabolism pathway in human cancer

Grace Yang / Shaoyang Huang / Kevin Hu / Alex Lu / Jonathan Yang / Noah Meroueh / Pengtao Dang / Yijie Wang / Haiqi Zhu / Sha Cao / Chi Zhang

Frontiers in Oncology, Vol

2023 Volume 13

Abstract: IntroductionGlucose and glutamine are major carbon and energy sources that promote the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Metabolic shifts observed on cell lines or mouse models may not reflect the general metabolic shifts in real human cancer tissue ... ...

Abstract	IntroductionGlucose and glutamine are major carbon and energy sources that promote the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Metabolic shifts observed on cell lines or mouse models may not reflect the general metabolic shifts in real human cancer tissue.MethodIn this study, we conducted a computational characterization of the flux distribution and variations of the central energy metabolism and key branches in a pan-cancer analysis, including the glycolytic pathway, production of lactate, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, nucleic acid synthesis, glutaminolysis, glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione metabolism, and amino acid synthesis, in 11 cancer subtypes and nine matched adjacent normal tissue types using TCGA transcriptomics data.ResultOur analysis confirms the increased influx in glucose uptake and glycolysis and decreased upper part of the TCA cycle, i.e., the Warburg effect, in almost all the analyzed cancer. However, increased lactate production and the second half of the TCA cycle were only seen in certain cancer types. More interestingly, we failed to detect significantly altered glutaminolysis in cancer tissues compared to their adjacent normal tissues. A systems biology model of metabolic shifts through cancer and tissue types is further developed and analyzed. We observed that (1) normal tissues have distinct metabolic phenotypes; (2) cancer types have drastically different metabolic shifts compared to their adjacent normal controls; and (3) the different shifts in tissue-specific metabolic phenotypes result in a converged metabolic phenotype through cancer types and cancer progression.DiscussionThis study strongly suggests the possibility of having a unified framework for studies of cancer-inducing stressors, adaptive metabolic reprogramming, and cancerous behaviors.
Keywords	cancer metabolism ; flux estimation ; glutaminolysis ; TCA cycle ; systems biology ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Extremely Bright, Near-IR Emitting Spontaneously Blinking Fluorophores Enable Ratiometric Multicolor Nanoscopy in Live Cells

Jonathan Tyson / Kevin Hu / Shuai Zheng / Phylicia Kidd / Neville Dadina / Ling Chu / Derek Toomre / Joerg Bewersdorf / Alanna Schepartz

ACS Central Science, Vol 7, Iss 8, Pp 1419-

2021 Volume 1426

Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparative Molecular Analysis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas and Matched Vitreoretinal Lymphomas by Vitreous Liquid Biopsy

Daniel A. Balikov / Kevin Hu / Chia-Jen Liu / Bryan L. Betz / Arul M. Chinnaiyan / Laxmi V. Devisetty / Sriram Venneti / Scott A. Tomlins / Andi K. Cani / Rajesh C. Rao

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 9992, p

2021 Volume 9992

Abstract: Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a lymphoid malignancy of the brain that occurs in ~1500 patients per year in the US. PCNSL can spread to the vitreous and retina, where it is known as vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). While confirmatory ... ...

Abstract	Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a lymphoid malignancy of the brain that occurs in ~1500 patients per year in the US. PCNSL can spread to the vitreous and retina, where it is known as vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). While confirmatory testing for diagnosis is dependent on invasive brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid sampling, the ability to access the vitreous as a proximal biofluid for liquid biopsy to diagnose PCNSL is an attractive prospect given ease of access and minimization of risks and complications from other biopsy strategies. However, the extent to which VRL, previously considered genetically identical to PCNSL, resembles PCNSL in the same individual with respect to genetic alterations, diagnostic strategies, and precision-medicine based approaches has hitherto not been explored. Furthermore, the degree of intra-patient tumor genomic heterogeneity between the brain and vitreous sites has not been studied. In this work, we report on targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) of matched brain and vitreous samples in two patients who each harbored VRL and PCSNL. Our strategy showed enhanced sensitivity for molecular diagnosis confirmation over current clinically used vitreous liquid biopsy methods. We observed a clonal relationship between the eye and brain samples in both patients, which carried clonal CDKN2A deep deletions, a highly recurrent alteration in VRL patients, as well as MYD88 p.L265P activating mutation in one patient. Several subclonal alterations, however, in the genes SETD2 , BRCA2 , TERT , and broad chromosomal regions showed heterogeneity between the brain and the eyes, between the two eyes, and among different regions of the PCNSL brain lesion. Taken together, our data show that NGS of vitreous liquid biopsies in PCNSL patients with VRL highlights shared and distinct genetic alterations that suggest a common origin for these lymphomas, but with additional site-specific alterations. Liquid biopsy of VRL accurately replicates the findings for PCNSL truncal (tumor-initiating) genomic alterations; it can also nominate precision medicine interventions and shows intra-patient heterogeneity in subclonal alterations. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first interrogation of genetic underpinnings of PCNSL with matched VRL samples. Our findings support continued investigation into the utility of vitreous liquid biopsy in precision diagnosis and treatment of PCNSL/VRL.
Keywords	vitreoretinal lymphoma ; primary central nervous system lymphoma ; next generation sequencing ; precision oncology ; precision diagnostics ; intratumor heterogeneity ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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