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  1. Article ; Online: Study protocol for a controlled trial of a resilience program on psychological distress in correctional officers in Australia.

    Keyan, Dharani / Dawson, Katie S / Bryant, Richard A

    BMC psychiatry

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 101

    Abstract: Background: The mental health impacts of workers within correctional settings has been of increasing focus over the past number of years. This paper outlines the study protocol for a trial that tests the efficacy of a brief resilience program, relative ... ...

    Abstract Background: The mental health impacts of workers within correctional settings has been of increasing focus over the past number of years. This paper outlines the study protocol for a trial that tests the efficacy of a brief resilience program, relative to a no intervention control in reducing general psychological distress and absenteeism in a cohort of correctional personnel in NSW, Australia.
    Methods: A, parallel, randomized controlled trial will be carried out in a small group format. Following informed consent, corrective personnel within prisons across NSW will volunteer to either attend a clinician delivered resilience program on stress management skills or not (N = 600). The primary outcome will be change in psychological distress including anxiety and depression at 2-months post intervention. Secondary outcomes include help-seeking behaviours and absenteeism.
    Discussion: This prevention focused treatment trial will assess whether a brief clinician delivered resilience program will reduce absenteeism and mitigate psychological distress in a cohort of corrective personnel within NSW, Australia. This study will yield insights into the role of a brief psychological program in mitigating the psychological distress reported by personnel in correctional settings.
    Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000029796).
    Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained from University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee. Results of the trial will be submitted for publication in peer reviewed journals and findings presented at scientific conferences and to key service providers and policy makers.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Australia ; Correctional Facilities Personnel ; Mental Health ; Anxiety/psychology ; Psychological Distress ; Resilience, Psychological ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2050438-X
    ISSN 1471-244X ; 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    ISSN 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/s12888-023-04592-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Dimensionality of the Swahili version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in a Kenyan population: A confirmatory factor analysis.

    Keyan, Dharani / Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan / Akhtar, Aemal / Dawson, Katie / Koyiet, Phiona Naserian / Bryant, Richard

    Global mental health (Cambridge, England)

    2024  Volume 11, Page(s) e48

    Abstract: The current study evaluated the Kiswahili version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in a Kenyan context comprising of women exposed to gender-based violence. Participants were randomly drawn from community sampling using household screening ... ...

    Abstract The current study evaluated the Kiswahili version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in a Kenyan context comprising of women exposed to gender-based violence. Participants were randomly drawn from community sampling using household screening methods in peri-urban areas in Nairobi. A total of 1,394 participants with varying levels of literacy (years of education: mean [M] = 9.42; standard deviation [SD] = 3.73) and aged between 18 and 89 years were recruited for the study. The observed factor structure of the GHQ-12 was evaluated using six most tested models querying the dimensionality of the instrument insofar as the impacts of positive and negative wording effects in driving multidimensionality. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis supported a bifactor model, consisting of a general distress factor and two separate factors representing common variance due to the positive and negative wording of items. Overall, the findings support the use of the Kiswahili version of the GHQ-12 as a unidimensional construct with method-specific variance owing to wording effects. Importantly, GHQ-12 responses from a sample of Kenyan women with relatively low levels of literacy are congruent with the factor structure observed in other cross-cultural settings in low- and-middle-income countries.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2806466-5
    ISSN 2054-4251
    ISSN 2054-4251
    DOI 10.1017/gmh.2024.46
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  3. Article ; Online: Acute exercise-induced enhancement of fear inhibition is moderated by BDNF Val66Met polymorphism.

    Keyan, Dharani / Bryant, Richard A

    Translational psychiatry

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 131

    Abstract: Rodent research indicates that acute physical exercise facilitates fear learning and inhibition. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may moderate the memory enhancing effects of acute exercise. We assessed the role of acute exercise in ...

    Abstract Rodent research indicates that acute physical exercise facilitates fear learning and inhibition. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may moderate the memory enhancing effects of acute exercise. We assessed the role of acute exercise in modulating extinction retention in humans, and investigated the extent to which the BDNF polymorphism influenced extinction retention. Seventy non-clinical participants engaged in a differential fear potentiated startle paradigm involving conditioning and extinction followed by random assignment to either intense exercise (n = 35) or no exercise (n = 35). Extinction retention was assessed 24 h later. Saliva samples were collected to index BDNF genotype. Exercised participants displayed significantly lower fear 24 h later relative to non-exercised participants. Moderation analyses indicated that after controlling for gender, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderated the relationship between exercise and fear recovery 24 h later, such that exercise was associated with greater fear recovery in individuals with the Met allele. These findings provide initial evidence that acute exercise can impact fear extinction in humans and this effect is reduced in Met-allele carriers. This finding accords with the role of BDNF in extinction learning, and has implications for augmenting exposure-based therapies for anxiety disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics ; Conditioning, Psychological ; Exercise ; Extinction, Psychological ; Fear/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; BDNF protein, human (7171WSG8A2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2609311-X
    ISSN 2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
    ISSN (online) 2158-3188
    ISSN 2158-3188
    DOI 10.1038/s41398-019-0464-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Evaluating a stepped care model of psychological support for adults affected by adversity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Jordan.

    Keyan, Dharani / Habashneh, Rand / Akhtar, Aemal / El-Dardery, Hafsa / Faroun, Muhannad / Abualhaija, Adnan / Aqel, Ibrahim Said / Dardas, Latefa Ali / Bryant, Richard

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e078091

    Abstract: Background: The burden of common mental disorders in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is growing with little known about how to allocate limited resources to reach the greatest number of people undergoing instances of significant psychological ... ...

    Abstract Background: The burden of common mental disorders in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is growing with little known about how to allocate limited resources to reach the greatest number of people undergoing instances of significant psychological distress. We present a study protocol for a multicentre, parallel-group, superiority, randomised controlled trial.
    Methods and analysis: Adults with significant psychological distress (K10 score ≥20) will be randomised to receive a stepped care programme involving a self-guided course (
    Ethics and dissemination: This will be the first randomised controlled trial to assess the benefits of a stepped model of care to addressing psychological distress in a LMIC setting. Results will provide important insights for managing limited resources to mental healthcare in these settings and will be accordingly disseminated to service providers and organisations via professional training and meetings, and via publication in relevant journals and conference presentations. We will also present these findings to the Jordanian Ministry of Health, where this institute will guide us on the most appropriate format for communication of findings, including written reports, verbal presentations and/or brochures. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Jordan School of Nursing Research Ethics Committee (number: PF.22.10).
    Trial registration number: ACTRN12621000189820p; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Counseling ; Jordan ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Quality of Life ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078091
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  5. Article ; Online: The capacity for acute exercise to modulate emotional memories: A review of findings and mechanisms.

    Keyan, Dharani / Bryant, Richard A

    Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

    2019  Volume 107, Page(s) 438–449

    Abstract: Anxiety disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, are underpinned by fear learning mechanisms. This review outlines how acute bouts of exercise can moderate fear memory acquisition, consolidation, and extinction. These fear memory mechanisms are ... ...

    Abstract Anxiety disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, are underpinned by fear learning mechanisms. This review outlines how acute bouts of exercise can moderate fear memory acquisition, consolidation, and extinction. These fear memory mechanisms are central to the development and treatment of anxiety disorders. We propose that the documented effects of acute exercise directly impact key neurobiological processes implicated in fear memory modulation. Central to the relationship between acute exercise and fear memory is brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is augmented following acute exercise and is involved in synaptic plasticity and associative learning and memory. BDNF is a likely candidate for how acute exercise may moderate fear memories via key glucocorticoid and noradrenergic systems. Recent work has extended animal studies on acute exercise and fear memory to human populations, and has replicated the effects of exercise on emotional memories and extinction consolidation. This accumulative evidence suggests that the role of acute exercise in fear memory modulation may have significant potential benefits for how anxiety disorders are managed.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Emotions/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Extinction, Psychological/drug effects ; Extinction, Psychological/physiology ; Fear/psychology ; Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Memory/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 282464-4
    ISSN 1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
    ISSN (online) 1873-7528
    ISSN 0149-7634
    DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Habituation of distress during exposure and its relationship to treatment outcome in post-traumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief disorder.

    Bryant, Richard A / Azevedo, Suzanna / Yadav, Srishti / Keyan, Dharani / Rawson, Natasha / Dawson, Katie / Tockar, Julia / Garber, Benjamin / Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan

    European journal of psychotraumatology

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 2193525

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Grief ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Prolonged Grief Disorder ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2586642-4
    ISSN 2000-8066 ; 2000-8066
    ISSN (online) 2000-8066
    ISSN 2000-8066
    DOI 10.1080/20008066.2023.2193525
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  7. Article ; Online: Positive affect training to reduce mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a proof-of-concept randomised clinical trial.

    Bryant, Richard / Dawson, Katie / Azevedo, Suzanna / Yadav, Srishti / Tran, Jenny / Choi-Christou, Jasmine / Andrew, Elpiniki / Beames, Joanne / Keyan, Dharani

    BMJ mental health

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 1

    Abstract: Background: The social restrictions occurring during the pandemic contributed to loss of many sources of reward, which contributes to poor mental health.: Objective: This trial evaluated a brief positive affect training programme to reduce anxiety, ... ...

    Abstract Background: The social restrictions occurring during the pandemic contributed to loss of many sources of reward, which contributes to poor mental health.
    Objective: This trial evaluated a brief positive affect training programme to reduce anxiety, depression and suicidality during the pandemic.
    Methods: In this single-blind, parallel, randomised controlled trial, adults who screened positive for COVID-19-related psychological distress across Australia were randomly allocated to either a 6-session group-based programme based on positive affect training (n=87) or enhanced usual care (EUC, n=87). Primary outcome was total score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety and depression subscales assessed at baseline, 1-week post-treatment, 3 months (primary outcome time point) as well as secondary outcome measures of suicidality, generalised anxiety disorder, sleep impairment, positive and negative mood and COVID-19-related stress.
    Findings: Between 20 September 2020 and 16 September 2021, 174 participants were enrolled into the trial. Relative to EUC, at 3-month follow-up the intervention led to greater reduction on depression (mean difference 1.2 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.9)), p=0.003), with a moderate effect size (0.5 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.9)). There were also greater reduction of suicidality and improvement in quality of life. There were no differences in anxiety, generalised anxiety, anhedonia, sleep impairment, positive or negative mood or COVID-19 concerns.
    Conclusions: This intervention was able to reduce depression and suicidality during adverse experiences when rewarding events were diminished, such as pandemics.
    Clinical implications: Strategies to improve positive affect may be useful to reduce mental health issues.
    Trial registration number: ACTRN12620000811909.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Quality of Life ; Single-Blind Method
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2755-9734
    ISSN (online) 2755-9734
    DOI 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300737
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  8. Article ; Online: Acute physical exercise in humans enhances reconsolidation of emotional memories.

    Keyan, Dharani / Bryant, Richard A

    Psychoneuroendocrinology

    2017  Volume 86, Page(s) 144–151

    Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that when a memory is reactivated through retrieval, it becomes temporarily vulnerable to environmental or pharmacological manipulation, which can consequently update or strengthen the memory. Physical exercise has been shown ...

    Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that when a memory is reactivated through retrieval, it becomes temporarily vulnerable to environmental or pharmacological manipulation, which can consequently update or strengthen the memory. Physical exercise has been shown to modulate the maintenance of fear memories in animals following memory reactivation. This study investigated the effect of intense exercise in modulating the reconsolidation of trauma memories. Fifty-four undergraduate students watched a trauma film depicting the aftermath of a highway car crash. Two days later, participants engaged in either (a) 20-25min of incremental cycling following a memory reactivation induction (Reactivation/Exercise), (b) 20-25min of mild cycling (Reactivation/No Exercise) following memory reactivation, or (c) 20-25min of incremental cycling but no memory reactivation (No Reactivation/Exercise). Saliva samples were collected to index salivary amylase and cortisol at baseline and post activity. Participants completed memory questionnaires relating to declarative and intrusive memory recall two days after memory reactivation. Reactivation/Exercise participants recalled more central details of the trauma film relative to other participants. Increased cortisol predicted better total memory recall in the Reactivation/Exercise, but not in the other conditions. These findings suggest that intense exercise during the period of memory reactivation enhances subsequent trauma memory, and provides human evidence consistent with recent findings of exercise-induced fear reconsolidation in animals.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Amylases/analysis ; Emotions/physiology ; Exercise/psychology ; Fear/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/analysis ; Male ; Memory, Episodic ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Saliva ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Amylases (EC 3.2.1.-) ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 197636-9
    ISSN 1873-3360 ; 0306-4530
    ISSN (online) 1873-3360
    ISSN 0306-4530
    DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.019
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  9. Article ; Online: Brief exercise enhances intrusive memories of traumatic stimuli.

    Keyan, Dharani / Bryant, Richard A

    Neurobiology of learning and memory

    2017  Volume 141, Page(s) 9–13

    Abstract: Brief physical exercise enhances memories for neutral events, and recently has been shown to modulate fear learning in animals. To date there is no evidence pertaining to the impact of exercise on emotional memories in humans. Accordingly, this study ... ...

    Abstract Brief physical exercise enhances memories for neutral events, and recently has been shown to modulate fear learning in animals. To date there is no evidence pertaining to the impact of exercise on emotional memories in humans. Accordingly, this study investigated the role of brief exercise in the development of emotional intrusive memories. Forty-nine university students (18-29year olds) viewed a car accident film depicting accident and injury, and were then randomly assigned to engage in either 10min of intense exercise or easy walking. Two days following the experiment participants were assessed for both intrusive memories of the film and intentional recall of film details. Results indicated that participants in the exercise relative to the walking condition reported more intrusive memories, but not voluntarily recalled memories, of the car accident film two days later. These findings are consistent with recent evidence of exercise-induced emotional learning in animals, and point to the potential for physical activity to contribute to the development of intrusions in the context of encoding emotionally-laden information.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1223366-3
    ISSN 1095-9564 ; 1074-7427
    ISSN (online) 1095-9564
    ISSN 1074-7427
    DOI 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.012
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  10. Article ; Online: Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Mindfulness in Treatment of Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

    Bryant, Richard A / Azevedo, Suzanna / Yadav, Srishti / Cahill, Catherine / Kenny, Lucy / Maccallum, Fiona / Tran, Jenny / Choi-Christou, Jasmine / Rawson, Natasha / Tockar, Julia / Garber, Benjamin / Keyan, Dharani / Dawson, Katie S

    JAMA psychiatry

    2024  

    Abstract: Importance: Although grief-focused cognitive behavior therapies are the most empirically supported treatment for prolonged grief disorder, many people find this treatment difficult. A viable alternative for treatment is mindfulness-based cognitive ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Although grief-focused cognitive behavior therapies are the most empirically supported treatment for prolonged grief disorder, many people find this treatment difficult. A viable alternative for treatment is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
    Objective: To examine the relative efficacies of grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to reduce prolonged grief disorder severity.
    Design, setting, and participants: A single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial was conducted among adults aged 18 to 70 years with prolonged grief disorder, as defined in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, and assessed by clinical interview based on the Prolonged Grief-13 (PG-13) scale. Those with severe suicidal risk, presence of psychosis, or substance dependence were excluded. Between November 2012 and November 2022, eligible participants were randomized 1:1 to eleven 90-minute sessions of grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy at a traumatic stress clinic in Sydney, Australia, with follow-up through 6 months.
    Interventions: Both groups received once-weekly 90-minute individual sessions for 11 weeks. Grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy comprised 5 sessions of recalling memories of the deceased, plus cognitive restructuring and planning future social and positive activities. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy comprised mindfulness exercises adapted to tolerate grief-related distress.
    Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was change in prolonged grief disorder severity measured by the PG-13 scale assessed at baseline, 1 week posttreatment, and 6 months after treatment (primary outcome time point), as well as secondary outcome measures of depression, anxiety, grief-related cognition, and quality of life.
    Results: The trial included 100 participants (mean [SD] age, 47.3 [13.4] years; 87 [87.0%] female), 50 in the grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy condition and 50 in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy condition. Linear mixed models indicated that at the 6-month assessment, participants in the grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy group showed greater reduction in PG-13 scale score relative to those in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group (mean difference, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.6-12.5; P = .01), with a large between-group effect size (0.8; 95% CI, 0.2-1.3). Participants in the grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy group also demonstrated greater reductions in depression as measured on the Beck Depression Inventory than those in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group (mean difference, 6.6; 95% CI, 0.5-12.9; P = .04) and grief-related cognition (mean difference, 14.4; 95% CI, 2.8-25.9; P = .02). There were no other significant differences between treatment groups and no reported adverse events.
    Conclusions and relevance: In this study, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy conferred more benefit for core prolonged grief disorder symptoms and associated problems 6 months after treatment than mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Although both treatments may be considered for prolonged grief disorder, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy might be the more effective choice, taking all factors into consideration.
    Trial registration: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12612000307808.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701203-7
    ISSN 2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
    ISSN (online) 2168-6238
    ISSN 2168-622X
    DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0432
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