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Article ; Online: Resurging measles in Armenia: unravelling challenges, implementing solutions.

George, M S / Dey, R C / Kumar, H / Khadka, S / Singh, P / Sánchez-Velazco, D F / Khadka, S / Manandhar, S

2024 Volume 230, Page(s) e1–e2

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Armenia/epidemiology ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	427333-3
ISSN	1476-5616 ; 0033-3506
ISSN (online)	1476-5616
ISSN	0033-3506
DOI	10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.009
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Article ; Online: Behcet's Disease with Absent HLA Serotyping and Pathergy Test.

Ranabhat, S / Byanju, R / Khadka, S

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)

2022 Volume 19, Issue 76, Page(s) 519–521

Abstract: Behcet's disease is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiopathogenesis characterized by recurrent acute inflammation. A 30-year male presented with progressive blurred vision in both eye for one month associated with photophobia, redness and ocular ... ...

Abstract	Behcet's disease is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiopathogenesis characterized by recurrent acute inflammation. A 30-year male presented with progressive blurred vision in both eye for one month associated with photophobia, redness and ocular pain. On presentation best corrected visual acuity was 6/9 both eyes. Bilateral ocular examination of anterior segment demonstrated occasional cells. Treatment history of multiple joint pain along with oral aphthous ulcers. Erythematous papulopustular lesion over face, neck, trunk and genital ulcers were being treated. Irrespective of negative human leucocyte antigen B51 and pathergy, patient was diagnosed as Behcet's disease on the basis of clinical criteria and started with topical steroid and cycloplegic. At one-month, ocular symptoms were relieved. Behcet's disease is a rare, autoimmune disease, which lacks universal pathognomonic test and investigations, therefore diagnosis is primarily done with international criteria for Behcet's disease. Multidisciplinary approach certainly helps in early diagnosis and eliminating morbidity.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Behcet Syndrome/diagnosis ; Behcet Syndrome/complications ; Behcet Syndrome/drug therapy ; Serotyping ; Mydriatics/therapeutic use ; Vision Disorders ; Steroids/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Mydriatics ; Steroids
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-19
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2257651-4
ISSN	1812-2078 ; 1812-2078
ISSN (online)	1812-2078
ISSN	1812-2078
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Article ; Online: Academic conference posters: Describing visual impression in pharmacy education.

Khadka, Sheela / Holt, Katlyn / Peeters, Michael J

Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy

2024 Volume 13, Page(s) 100423

Abstract: Background: Academic conference posters are a key communication before journal articles. Attention to visual attributes can enhance academic poster communication.: Objective: This investigation's purpose was to create a visual impression measurement ... ...

Abstract	Background: Academic conference posters are a key communication before journal articles. Attention to visual attributes can enhance academic poster communication. Objective: This investigation's purpose was to create a visual impression measurement instrument, and then to describe and compare visual impression among scientific posters from an academic conference. Methods: A mixed-approach rubric was created to quickly measure visual impression of academic posters. Then, posters from a pharmacy education conference were retrospectively reviewed and scored. Visual impression was compared for traditional versus contemporary poster-formats. Various poster characteristics (poster-format, summary statement presence, abstract presence, wordiness, QR-code presence, logical sequencing, visuals) that might have impacted visual communication were coded. These characteristics were regressed onto visual impression scores. Results: Three-hundred seventy-eight posters were scored with sound inter-rater reliability. Contemporary poster-format scored significantly higher than traditional. Poster-format Conclusion: Posters at one academic conference had varied visual impression. While a contemporary poster-format appeared more helpful, it was not a panacea; variation from poor through exemplary was seen with both poster-formats. Posters are not text-filled articles; displaying a combination of visuals/text clearly and concisely can help effective communication with academic posters.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-2766
ISSN (online)	2667-2766
DOI	10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100423
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Article ; Online: Infective Vaginal Discharge among Women of the Reproductive Age in the Outpatient Department of a Primary Care Centre.

Khadka, Shailaja / Khatri, Ratna / Chaudhary, Raina

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

2024 Volume 62, Issue 270, Page(s) 103–105

Abstract: Introduction: Infective vaginal discharge is the most common complaint of the women of reproductive age group attending gynaecology outpatient department. Vaginal discharge may be normal or abnormal. Infective vaginal discharge is usually related to one ...

Abstract	Introduction: Infective vaginal discharge is the most common complaint of the women of reproductive age group attending gynaecology outpatient department. Vaginal discharge may be normal or abnormal. Infective vaginal discharge is usually related to one of the three conditions, like bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of infective vaginal discharge among women of the reproductive age in the outpatient department of a primary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among women of the reproductive age group visiting the outpatient Department of the primary care hospital from 1 March 2022 to 1 August 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 138 patients, infective vaginal discharge was found in 42 (30.43%) (21.32-39.54, 95% Confidence Interval). Bacterial vaginosis was seen in 22 (52.38%), Candida was seen in 13 (30.95%), and Trichomonas was seen in 7 (16.66%) cases. Conclusions: The prevalence of infective vaginal discharge was lower as compared to other studies done in similar settings. Keywords: bacterial; candidiasis; prevalence; vaginitis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/epidemiology ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/microbiology ; Trichomonas Vaginitis/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Outpatients ; Vaginal Discharge/epidemiology ; Primary Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-24
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209910-4
ISSN	1815-672X ; 0028-2715
ISSN (online)	1815-672X
ISSN	0028-2715
DOI	10.31729/jnma.8432
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Article ; Online: Benign Breast Disease among Patients Visiting the Breast and Endocrine Clinic of a Tertiary Care Centre.

Poudel, Sishir / Pokharel, Sushan / Khadka, Sarada

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

2024 Volume 62, Issue 270, Page(s) 92–94

Abstract: Introduction: Breast diseases encompass a wide range of conditions, including benign and malignant disorders. Given the significant burden of breast-related health issues in the community, there is a critical need to understand the prevalence. This ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Breast diseases encompass a wide range of conditions, including benign and malignant disorders. Given the significant burden of breast-related health issues in the community, there is a critical need to understand the prevalence. This study aimed to find the prevalence of benign breast diseases among patients visiting the breast and endocrine clinic of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients presenting to the breast and endocrine clinic from 1 January 2022 to 1 January 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 979 patients, the prevalence of benign disease was 937 (95.71%) (94.44-96.98, 95% Confidence Interval). Mastalgia was the most frequent diagnosis 416 (44.40%), followed by fibroadenoma 137 (14.62%), benign lumps 84 (8.96%), and mastitis 64 (6.83%) and the most common symptoms reported by benign cases were pain in the breast 692 (73.85%) and breast lump 483 (51.55%). Conclusions: The prevalence of benign breast diseases was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings. Keywords: benign; breast diseases; mastalgia; prevalence.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Mastodynia/epidemiology ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Breast ; Breast Diseases/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-24
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209910-4
ISSN	1815-672X ; 0028-2715
ISSN (online)	1815-672X
ISSN	0028-2715
DOI	10.31729/jnma.8426
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Article: Retroperitoneal Castleman's disease in a young Nepalese girl: A rare cause of childhood abdominal mass.

Shrestha, Ashish Lal / Mishra, Aakash / Khadka, Sagar / Dhakhwa, Ramesh

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2024 Volume 86, Issue 2, Page(s) 1080–1084

Abstract: Introduction: Castleman's disease (CD), or benign angio-follicular lymph node hyperplasia, is an uncommon condition in childhood. When a child presents with a huge retroperitoneal mass and inconclusive findings on clinico-radiological evaluation or ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Castleman's disease (CD), or benign angio-follicular lymph node hyperplasia, is an uncommon condition in childhood. When a child presents with a huge retroperitoneal mass and inconclusive findings on clinico-radiological evaluation or tissue sampling, management becomes exceedingly difficult. CD herein becomes an uncommon presentation of an uncommon diagnosis. Case presentation: A six-year-old girl with no past medical problems presented to the office with a slowly progressive, painless mass over the right lumbar region for a year. Abdominal ultrasound showed a well-defined oval mass in the right periumbilical region, further evaluation of which with a computed tomography scan suggested lymphoma. A preoperative core-cut biopsy could not confirm the findings and suggested a neoplastic lesion, probably an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour or small round cell tumour. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy with in-toto excision of the mass. Intraoperatively, a solid retroperitoneal tumour measuring 8×8×6 cm was found. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a unicentric CD of the hyaline-vascular type. At two years of follow-up, she remained asymptomatic and disease-free. Conclusion: While CD in children is rare, retroperitoneal localization of the same can further add to the diagnostic conundrum. However, if carefully considered, an en-bloc surgical resection offers complete treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1097/MS9.0000000000001579
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Article ; Online: Cultivation and Genomic DNA Extraction of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Pariseau, Drew A / Ring, Brooke E / Khadka, Saroj / Mike, Laura A

Current protocols

2024 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e932

Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of medical significance. It typically exists as part of the normal flora of the human intestine but can cause severe infections in the healthcare setting due to its rapid acquisition of ... ...

Abstract	Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of medical significance. It typically exists as part of the normal flora of the human intestine but can cause severe infections in the healthcare setting due to its rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Cultivating and extracting genomic DNA from this bacterium is crucial for downstream characterization and comparative analyses. To provide a standardized approach for growing K. pneumoniae in the laboratory setting, this collection of protocols provides step-by-step procedures for routine culturing, generating growth curves, storing bacteria, and extracting genomic DNA. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Reviving K. pneumoniae from frozen stocks Basic Protocol 2: Cultivating K. pneumoniae in rich growth medium Alternate Protocol: Cultivating in minimal liquid growth medium Basic Protocol 3: Enumerating K. pneumoniae colony forming units Basic Protocol 4: Growth curves Basic Protocol 5: Genomic DNA extraction Basic Protocol 6: Characterizing K. pneumoniae strains based on genomic sequence Basic Protocol 7: Storage of K. pneumoniae frozen stocks in glycerol Basic Protocol 8: Storage of K. pneumoniae in agar stabs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics ; Genome ; Genomics ; DNA ; Culture Media
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2) ; Culture Media
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2691-1299
ISSN (online)	2691-1299
DOI	10.1002/cpz1.932
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Article ; Online: Depressive symptoms and its associated factors among secondary school adolescents of Birtamod Municipality, Jhapa, Nepal.

Giri, Rachana / Khadka, Santosh / Chalise, Anisha / Swar, Kshitiz / Paudel, Shishir

PLOS global public health

2024 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e0002826

Abstract: Depression is a rising public health concern affecting adolescents' mental health throughout the world. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors among adolescents from urban Nepal. The ... ...

Abstract	Depression is a rising public health concern affecting adolescents' mental health throughout the world. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors among adolescents from urban Nepal. The depressive symptoms among 271 randomly selected secondary school adolescents of Britamod Municipality were assessed using Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were executed to assess the statistical relationship between potential risk factors and depressive symptoms at 5% level of significance. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 42.8% (95% CI: 37.3-49.1%). Multiple logistic regression revealed that female adolescents (aOR: 2.309, 95% CI: 1.233-4.325), adolescents enrolled in higher grades i.e. 10th grade (aOR: 4.576, 95% CI: 1.482-9.128), studying at private school (aOR: 2.302, 95% CI: 1.184-4.476), not sharing their problems with their friends (aOR: 3.022, 95% CI: 1.477-6.186), presence of perceived academic stress (aOR: 2.388, 95% CI: 1.263-4.518), dissatisfaction with current academic performance (aOR: 2.278, 95% CI: 1.141-4.518), lower perceived family support (aOR: 3.440, 95% CI: 1.276-9.275), and lower self-esteem (aOR: 2.139, 95% CI: 1.061-8.708) had higher odds of experiencing depressive symptoms. There is a high prevalence of depression among Nepalese adolescents. The findings highlight the need for health promotion interventions focusing on mental health awareness, enhancing social support systems, and implementing stress reduction strategies within schools to mitigate the burden of depression among Nepalese adolescents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0002826
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Article ; Online: Adjuvant Injections Altered the Ileal and Fecal Microbiota Differently with Changes in Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Antimycobacterial Antibody Responses.

Khadka, Sundar / Omura, Seiichi / Sato, Fumitaka / Tsunoda, Ikuo

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 3

Abstract: Alterations in the gut microbiota, "dysbiosis," have been reported in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), and their animal models. Although the animal models were induced by injections of autoantigens with adjuvants, including ... ...

Abstract	Alterations in the gut microbiota, "dysbiosis," have been reported in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), and their animal models. Although the animal models were induced by injections of autoantigens with adjuvants, including complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin (PT), the effects of adjuvant injections on the microbiota are largely unknown. We aimed to clarify whether adjuvant injections could affect the microbiota in the ileum and feces. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we found decreased alpha diversities of the gut microbiota in mice injected with CFA and PT, compared with naïve mice. Overall, microbial profiles visualized by principal component analysis demonstrated dysbiosis in feces, but not in the ileum, of adjuvant-injected mice, where the genera
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Dysbiosis/chemically induced ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Antibody Formation ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Bacteria/genetics ; Feces/microbiology ; Freund's Adjuvant/pharmacology ; Ileum/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Freund's Adjuvant (9007-81-2) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24032818
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Article: Opioid-related polysubstance use and its effect on mortality and health resource utilization among trauma patients.

Khadka, Safalta / Bardes, James M / Al-Mamun, Mohammad A

Injury epidemiology

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 54

Abstract: Background: Pre-injury opioid use is common, but the effects of opioid-related polysubstance use on mortality and health resources utilization (HRU) have not been investigated yet. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of opioid- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pre-injury opioid use is common, but the effects of opioid-related polysubstance use on mortality and health resources utilization (HRU) have not been investigated yet. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of opioid-related polysubstance use on mortality and HRU among patients in trauma centres in the US. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using the US National Trauma Databank from the year 2017 to 2019. Patients (≥ 18 years of age) who tested positive for opioids were included. Patients were analysed based on the number of substances used (i.e., opioids only, two substances (opioids + 1 substance), and three or more than three substances (opioids + ≥ 2 substances)), and polysubstance by type (i.e., opioids only, opioids and alcohol, opioids and stimulants, opioids and benzodiazepine, and other combinations). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between polysubstance use, mortality and HRU (i.e., need for hospital admission, ICU, and mechanical ventilation). Results: Both polysubstance by number and type analyses showed that opioid-related polysubstance use was not significantly associated with mortality compared to opioids only. The odds of hospital admission were higher among the opioids and benzodiazepines group (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24, p < 0.01). The need for ICU was magnified using benzodiazepines and stimulants with opioids (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27-1.63, p < 0.01) when compared to the opioids only group. Conclusion: Opioid-related pre-injury polysubstance use was associated with higher HRU in trauma patients. The evidence can be used by policymakers and practitioners to improve patient outcomes in trauma centers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2764253-7
ISSN	2197-1714
ISSN	2197-1714
DOI	10.1186/s40621-023-00459-0
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