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Article: Orthopaedic Eponyms: A Tool of the Past.

Perera, Edward / Khan, Akib / Sarraf, Khaled M / Spicer, Dominic

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) e43336

Abstract: Eponyms are commonplace in the medical vernacular, however, their use has become increasingly controversial amongst clinicians. Whilst some view them as an honour bestowed on those whose achievements deserve recognition, others see them as thwarted with ... ...

Abstract	Eponyms are commonplace in the medical vernacular, however, their use has become increasingly controversial amongst clinicians. Whilst some view them as an honour bestowed on those whose achievements deserve recognition, others see them as thwarted with problems due to confusion, imprecision and unwittingly applauding controversial figures. Nevertheless, the history and culture retained within eponyms define modern-day medicine. To identify current trends in understanding of eponyms, we presented a questionnaire of orthopaedic eponyms and their associated imaging to unspecialised trainees, specialist orthopaedic trainees, and qualified consultants. Eponymous terms were poorly understood at all levels of experience, with- third and fourth-year Orthopaedic trainees (specialist trainee years five and six (ST5/ST6)) being outperformed (22.3%) by non-specialist postgraduate doctors with two or more years of experience (foundation year two (F2) and core surgery year two (CT2)) (29.3%). Based on these trends we present a further narrative review of the challenges eponyms present, whilst justifying their continued use to acknowledge the origins of our discipline, from the favourable to shameful.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.43336
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: ERK signaling for cell migration and invasion.

Samson, Shiela C / Khan, Akib M / Mendoza, Michelle C

Frontiers in molecular biosciences

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 998475

Abstract: The RAS - Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (RAS-ERK) pathway plays a conserved role in promoting cell migration and invasion. Growth factors, adhesion, and oncogenes activate ERK. While historically studied with respect to its control of cell ... ...

Abstract	The RAS - Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (RAS-ERK) pathway plays a conserved role in promoting cell migration and invasion. Growth factors, adhesion, and oncogenes activate ERK. While historically studied with respect to its control of cell proliferation and differentiation, the signaling pattern and effectors specific for cell migration are now coming to light. New advances in pathway probes have revealed how steady-state ERK activity fluctuates within individual cells and propagates to neighboring cells. We review new findings on the different modes of ERK pathway stimulation and how an increased baseline level of activity promotes single cell and collective migration and invasion. We discuss how ERK drives actin polymerization and adhesion turnover for edge protrusion and how cell contraction stimulates cell movement and ERK activity waves in epithelial sheets. With the steady development of new biosensors for monitoring spatial and temporal ERK activity, determining how cells individually interpret the multiple
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2814330-9
ISSN	2296-889X
ISSN	2296-889X
DOI	10.3389/fmolb.2022.998475
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Article: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of a Calcaneal Anterior Process Fracture Using a Locking Plate.

Cullen, Samuel E / Khan, Akib / Park, Chang / Allardice, Garth

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) e18519

Abstract: Fractures involving the anterior process of the calcaneus (APC) are rare, underdiagnosed, and carry a significant increase in morbidity if not identified acutely. Identifying patients with intra-articular fracture extension is crucial as they may benefit ...

Abstract	Fractures involving the anterior process of the calcaneus (APC) are rare, underdiagnosed, and carry a significant increase in morbidity if not identified acutely. Identifying patients with intra-articular fracture extension is crucial as they may benefit from surgical fixation to reduce the risk of morbidity and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. There are no specific guidelines in the United Kingdom regarding the management of these fractures, and there is little evidence regarding optimal management, mainly limited to case reports and small sample observational trials. Previous reports of surgical intervention have described excision of fragments or fixation using single cancellous screws. A 55-year-old man fell from a height of 2 metres, sustaining an APC fracture extending into the calcaneocuboid joint. This was identified on plain radiographs following a virtual fracture clinic referral from the emergency department and further investigated with computed tomography scanning. He underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a locking T-plate and screws three weeks post-injury to restore congruence of his articular surface. Following a period of non-weight-bearing and progressive physiotherapy, he reported an excellent functional outcome six months post-operatively, measured by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score of 90%. In the absence of specific guidelines for these fractures, this case provides an example of good initial functional outcomes following surgical fixation using a locking plate and screws, the first such fixation of an APC fracture described in the literature. This case can also be seen as a useful reminder of the need for an index of clinical suspicion for these injuries, given that up to 40% may be missed in the emergency department. While now fairly widespread, not all hospitals will have a virtual fracture clinic system in place, meaning emergency department practitioners must be wary of these injuries before discharging patients with suspicious histories and examination findings with no follow-up. Examination techniques that may help differentiate APC fractures from ankle sprains are discussed to provide clinicians with evidence to support a suspicion of these injuries in the emergency department.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.18519
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Shoulder examination: a systematic approach.

Khan, Akib M / Assiotis, Angelos / Ibrahim, Mazin S / Sankey, Andrew R

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)

2021 Volume 82, Issue 7, Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: The shoulder is a complex joint with static and dynamic stabilising structures working synchronously. These allow a full range of movement while preserving stability of the joint. Patients may present with pain, stiffness, weakness, deformity or ... ...

Abstract	The shoulder is a complex joint with static and dynamic stabilising structures working synchronously. These allow a full range of movement while preserving stability of the joint. Patients may present with pain, stiffness, weakness, deformity or instability. The authors suggest a systematic examination sequence to ensure that important pathology is not overlooked. Adopting this approach allows common pathologies, including tears of the rotator cuff, impingement and tendinopathy, to be easily identified. This shoulder examination sequence may be used by all healthcare professionals and can also act as a revision aid for those undergoing exams in this field, at different levels of training.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rotator Cuff ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/diagnosis ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/therapy ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome/diagnosis ; Shoulder Joint
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1750-8460
ISSN	1750-8460
DOI	10.12968/hmed.2020.0211
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Article ; Online: Nascent adhesions shorten the period of lamellipodium protrusion through the Brownian ratchet mechanism.

Carney, Keith R / Khan, Akib M / Stam, Samantha / Samson, Shiela C / Mittal, Nikhil / Han, Sangyoon J / Bidone, Tamara C / Mendoza, Michelle C

Molecular biology of the cell

2023 Volume 34, Issue 12, Page(s) ar115

Abstract: Directional cell migration is driven by the conversion of oscillating edge motion into lasting periods of leading edge protrusion. Actin polymerization against the membrane and adhesions control edge motion, but the exact mechanisms that determine ... ...

Abstract	Directional cell migration is driven by the conversion of oscillating edge motion into lasting periods of leading edge protrusion. Actin polymerization against the membrane and adhesions control edge motion, but the exact mechanisms that determine protrusion period remain elusive. We addressed this by developing a computational model in which polymerization of actin filaments against a deformable membrane and variable adhesion dynamics support edge motion. Consistent with previous reports, our model showed that actin polymerization and adhesion lifetime power protrusion velocity. However, increasing adhesion lifetime decreased the protrusion period. Measurements of adhesion lifetime and edge motion in migrating cells confirmed that adhesion lifetime is associated with and promotes protrusion velocity, but decreased duration. Our model showed that adhesions' control of protrusion persistence originates from the Brownian ratchet mechanism for actin filament polymerization. With longer adhesion lifetime or increased-adhesion density, the proportion of actin filaments tethered to the substrate increased, maintaining filaments against the cell membrane. The reduced filament-membrane distance generated pushing force for high edge velocity, but limited further polymerization needed for protrusion duration. We propose a mechanism for cell edge protrusion in which adhesion strength regulates actin filament polymerization to control the periods of leading edge protrusion.
MeSH term(s)	Actins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Cell Movement/physiology ; Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Pseudopodia/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Actins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1098979-1
ISSN	1939-4586 ; 1059-1524
ISSN (online)	1939-4586
ISSN	1059-1524
DOI	10.1091/mbc.E23-08-0314
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Zs.A 2853: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 410: Show issues

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Book ; Online: AttResDU-Net

Khan, Akib Mohammed / Ashrafee, Alif / Khan, Fahim Shahriar / Hasan, Md. Bakhtiar / Kabir, Md. Hasanul

Medical Image Segmentation Using Attention-based Residual Double U-Net

2023

Abstract: Manually inspecting polyps from a colonoscopy for colorectal cancer or performing a biopsy on skin lesions for skin cancer are time-consuming, laborious, and complex procedures. Automatic medical image segmentation aims to expedite this diagnosis process. ...

Abstract	Manually inspecting polyps from a colonoscopy for colorectal cancer or performing a biopsy on skin lesions for skin cancer are time-consuming, laborious, and complex procedures. Automatic medical image segmentation aims to expedite this diagnosis process. However, numerous challenges exist due to significant variations in the appearance and sizes of objects with no distinct boundaries. This paper proposes an attention-based residual Double U-Net architecture (AttResDU-Net) that improves on the existing medical image segmentation networks. Inspired by the Double U-Net, this architecture incorporates attention gates on the skip connections and residual connections in the convolutional blocks. The attention gates allow the model to retain more relevant spatial information by suppressing irrelevant feature representation from the down-sampling path for which the model learns to focus on target regions of varying shapes and sizes. Moreover, the residual connections help to train deeper models by ensuring better gradient flow. We conducted experiments on three datasets: CVC Clinic-DB, ISIC 2018, and the 2018 Data Science Bowl datasets and achieved Dice Coefficient scores of 94.35%, 91.68% and 92.45% respectively. Our results suggest that AttResDU-Net can be facilitated as a reliable method for automatic medical image segmentation in practice. Comment: Accepted in 2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2023)
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-06-25
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Community Health Worker-Based Intervention on Anthropometric Outcomes of Children Aged 3 to 21 Months in Urban Pakistan, 2019-2021.

Shonchoy, Abu S / Akram, Agha A / Khan, Mahrukh / Khalid, Hina / Mazhar, Sidra / Khan, Akib / Kurosaki, Takashi

American journal of public health

2022 Volume 113, Issue 1, Page(s) 105–114

Abstract: Objectives. ...

Abstract	Objectives.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Community Health Workers ; Single-Blind Method ; Pakistan ; Pandemics ; COVID-19
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2022.307111
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Un I Zs.279: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Book ; Online: Bangla Text Classification using Transformers

Alam, Tanvirul / Khan, Akib / Alam, Firoj

2020

Abstract: Text classification has been one of the earliest problems in NLP. Over time the scope of application areas has broadened and the difficulty of dealing with new areas (e.g., noisy social media content) has increased. The problem-solving strategy switched ... ...

Abstract	Text classification has been one of the earliest problems in NLP. Over time the scope of application areas has broadened and the difficulty of dealing with new areas (e.g., noisy social media content) has increased. The problem-solving strategy switched from classical machine learning to deep learning algorithms. One of the recent deep neural network architecture is the Transformer. Models designed with this type of network and its variants recently showed their success in many downstream natural language processing tasks, especially for resource-rich languages, e.g., English. However, these models have not been explored fully for Bangla text classification tasks. In this work, we fine-tune multilingual transformer models for Bangla text classification tasks in different domains, including sentiment analysis, emotion detection, news categorization, and authorship attribution. We obtain the state of the art results on six benchmark datasets, improving upon the previous results by 5-29% accuracy across different tasks.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2020-11-09
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Elbow dislocations.

Assiotis, Angelos / Khan, Akib M / Sankey, Andrew R / Dattani, Rupen

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)

2019 Volume 80, Issue 7, Page(s) C98–C102

MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena ; Elbow Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Elbow Joint/injuries ; Elbow Joint/physiology ; Emergency Treatment/methods ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations/diagnostic imaging ; Joint Dislocations/physiopathology ; Joint Dislocations/therapy ; Physical Examination/methods ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1750-8460
ISSN	1750-8460
DOI	10.12968/hmed.2019.80.7.C98
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Real-time Bangla License Plate Recognition System for Low Resource Video-based Applications

Ashrafee, Alif / Khan, Akib Mohammed / Irbaz, Mohammad Sabik / Nasim, MD Abdullah Al

2021

Abstract: Automatic License Plate Recognition systems aim to provide a solution for detecting, localizing, and recognizing license plate characters from vehicles appearing in video frames. However, deploying such systems in the real world requires real-time ... ...

Abstract	Automatic License Plate Recognition systems aim to provide a solution for detecting, localizing, and recognizing license plate characters from vehicles appearing in video frames. However, deploying such systems in the real world requires real-time performance in low-resource environments. In our paper, we propose a two-stage detection pipeline paired with Vision API that provides real-time inference speed along with consistently accurate detection and recognition performance. We used a haar-cascade classifier as a filter on top of our backbone MobileNet SSDv2 detection model. This reduces inference time by only focusing on high confidence detections and using them for recognition. We also impose a temporal frame separation strategy to distinguish between multiple vehicle license plates in the same clip. Furthermore, there are no publicly available Bangla license plate datasets, for which we created an image dataset and a video dataset containing license plates in the wild. We trained our models on the image dataset and achieved an AP(0.5) score of 86% and tested our pipeline on the video dataset and observed reasonable detection and recognition performance (82.7% detection rate, and 60.8% OCR F1 score) with real-time processing speed (27.2 frames per second). Comment: Under Review
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2021-08-18
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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