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  1. Article ; Online: Electrospun Antibacterial Composites for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.

    Samie, Muhammad / Khan, Ather Farooq / Hardy, John George / Yameen, Muhammad Arfat

    Macromolecular bioscience

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 9, Page(s) e2200219

    Abstract: Implantation of biomaterials capable of the controlled release of antibacterials during articular cartilage repair may prevent postoperative infections. Herein, biomaterials are prepared with biomimetic architectures (nonwoven mats of fibers) via ... ...

    Abstract Implantation of biomaterials capable of the controlled release of antibacterials during articular cartilage repair may prevent postoperative infections. Herein, biomaterials are prepared with biomimetic architectures (nonwoven mats of fibers) via electrospinning that are composed of poly(ɛ-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), and Bombyx mori silk fibroin (with varying ratios) and, optionally, an antibiotic drug (cefixime trihydrate). The composition, morphology, and mechanical properties of the nanofibrous mats are characterized using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile testing. The nonwoven mats have nanoscale fibers (typical diameters of 324-725 nm) and are capable of controlling the release profiles of the drug, with antibacterial activity against Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria (two common strains of human pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) under in vitro static conditions. The drug loaded nanofiber mats display cytocompatibility comparable to pure poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanofibers when cultured with National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell line and have long-term potential for clinical applications in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology ; Caproates ; Cartilage ; Escherichia coli ; Lactones ; Nanofibers/chemistry ; Tissue Engineering/methods
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biocompatible Materials ; Caproates ; caprolactone (56RE988L1R) ; Lactones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2039130-4
    ISSN 1616-5195 ; 1616-5187
    ISSN (online) 1616-5195
    ISSN 1616-5187
    DOI 10.1002/mabi.202200219
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Tissue engineered periosteum: Fabrication of a gelatin basedtrilayer composite scaffold with biomimetic properties for enhanced bone healing.

    Tariq, Sana / Shah, Saqlain A / Hameed, Fareeha / Mutahir, Zeeshan / Khalid, Hamad / Tufail, Asma / Akhtar, Hafsah / Chaudhry, Aqif Anwar / Khan, Ather Farooq

    International journal of biological macromolecules

    2024  Volume 263, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 130371

    Abstract: The periosteum, a vascularized tissue membrane, is essential in bone regeneration following fractures and bone loss due to some other reasons, yet there exist several research gaps concerning its regeneration. These gaps encompass reduced cellular ... ...

    Abstract The periosteum, a vascularized tissue membrane, is essential in bone regeneration following fractures and bone loss due to some other reasons, yet there exist several research gaps concerning its regeneration. These gaps encompass reduced cellular proliferation and bioactivity, potential toxicity, heightened stiffness of scaffold materials, unfavorable porosity, expensive materials and procedures, and suboptimal survivability or inappropriate degradation rates of the implanted materials. This research used an interdisciplinary approach by forming a new material fabricated through electrospinning for the proposed application as a layer-by-layer tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP). TEP comprises poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), PCL/gelatin/magnesium-doped zinc oxide (vascular layer), and gelatin/bioactive glass/COD liver oil (osteoconductive layer). These materials were selected for their diverse properties, when integrated into the scaffold formation, successfully mimic the characteristics of native periosteum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to confirm the trilayer structure of the scaffold and determine the average fiber diameter. In-vitro degradation and swelling studies demonstrated a uniform degradation rate that matches the typical recovery time of periosteum. The scaffold exhibited excellent mechanical properties comparable to natural periosteum. Furthermore, the sustained release kinetics of COD liver oil were observed in the trilayer scaffold. Cell culture results indicated that the three-dimensional topography of the scaffold promoted cell growth, proliferation, and attachment, confirming its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. This study suggests that the fabricated scaffold holds promise as a potential artificial periosteum for treating periostitis and bone fractures.
    MeSH term(s) Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry ; Gelatin/chemistry ; Periosteum ; Biomimetics ; Cod Liver Oil ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Tissue Engineering/methods
    Chemical Substances Gelatin (9000-70-8) ; Cod Liver Oil (8001-69-2) ; Polyesters
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282732-3
    ISSN 1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
    ISSN (online) 1879-0003
    ISSN 0141-8130
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130371
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  3. Article ; Online: Graphene oxide reinforced silk fibroin nanocomposite as an electroactive interface for the estimation of dopamine.

    Noor, Afifa / Khalid, Hamad / Aslam, Muhammad / Hayat, Akhtar / Khan, Ather Farooq / Nasir, Muhammad / Chaudhry, Aqif Anwar / Nawaz, Mian Hasnain

    RSC advances

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 45, Page(s) 29319–29328

    Abstract: The fabrication of 2D materials and polymer-based nanocomposites deposited on flexible conductive interfaces has unblocked new horizons to expedite reaction kinetics for developing highly selective and sensitive electrochemical biosensors. Herein, we ... ...

    Abstract The fabrication of 2D materials and polymer-based nanocomposites deposited on flexible conductive interfaces has unblocked new horizons to expedite reaction kinetics for developing highly selective and sensitive electrochemical biosensors. Herein, we developed a novel biosensing platform, comprising graphene oxide and a silk fibroin-based nanocomposite, drop-cast on a carbon cloth electrode. The fabricated interface was expected to be a robust and miniaturized sensing platform for precise detection of dopamine (DA). Characterization was performed by SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, fluorescence spectroscopy, particle size, and zeta potential analysis. CV, EIS, DPV, and chronoamperometry demonstrated the superior electrochemical properties of the working interface and revealed its enhanced active surface area, increased conductivity, and accelerated electron transfer rate. The designed interface exhibited low LoD (0.41 μM), admirable stability, good sensitivity (2.46 μA μM
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2046-2069
    ISSN (online) 2046-2069
    DOI 10.1039/d2ra05585f
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  4. Article: Aqueous Solution of a Basic Ionic Liquid: A Perspective Solvent for Extraction and Regeneration of Silk Powder from Bombyx mori Silk Cocoons

    Samie, Muhammad / Muhammad, Nawshad / Yameen, Muhammad Arfat / Chaudhry, Aqif Anwar / Khalid, Hamad / Khan, Ather Farooq

    Journal of polymers and the environment. 2020 Feb., v. 28, no. 2

    2020  

    Abstract: The rationale behind this study was to investigate the potential new low cost and biocompatible aqueous choline based ionic liquid for dissolution and regeneration of silk fibroin obtained from the mulberry silkworm. The silk due to its high ... ...

    Abstract The rationale behind this study was to investigate the potential new low cost and biocompatible aqueous choline based ionic liquid for dissolution and regeneration of silk fibroin obtained from the mulberry silkworm. The silk due to its high biocompatibility and mechanical properties finds many applications in the field of biomedical science. Earlier, silk extraction methods have issues of either extraction efficiency or environmental concerns. The ionic liquid is a relatively green solvent was used to dissolve silk fibroin and optimized the process with respect to variables like temperature, time, stirring speed, type of ionic liquid and maximum dissolution ability. The dissolution process was observed through the naked eye as well as using optical microscopy. The optimized conditions at which maximum dissolution i.e. 25% was obtained, are heating the mixture at 50 °C for 2 h. Various analytical characterization such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed for cocoon, fiber and regenerated silk powder in order to understand the effect of ionic liquid treatment. FTIR, NMR and Raman spectra shows the characteristic peaks assigned to the silk. SEM analysis shows nanoparticles of silk fibroin powder. The crystallinity and thermal stabilities were decreased for regenerated silk as observed from XRD and TGA analysis. The nano-silk exhibited a zeta potential of − 24.6 ± 3 mV.
    Keywords Bombyx mori ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Raman spectroscopy ; X-ray diffraction ; aqueous solutions ; biocompatibility ; biomedical research ; choline ; cocoons ; crystal structure ; fibroins ; heat ; ionic liquids ; light microscopy ; mechanical properties ; mixing ; nanoparticles ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; scanning electron microscopy ; silk ; temperature ; thermogravimetry ; zeta potential
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-02
    Size p. 657-667.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2017207-2
    ISSN 1572-8919 ; 1572-8900 ; 1566-2543
    ISSN (online) 1572-8919 ; 1572-8900
    ISSN 1566-2543
    DOI 10.1007/s10924-019-01634-5
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Drug/bioactive eluting chitosan composite foams for osteochondral tissue engineering.

    Samie, Muhammad / Khan, Ather Farooq / Rahman, Saeed Ur / Iqbal, Haffsah / Yameen, Muhammad Arfat / Chaudhry, Aqif Anwar / Galeb, Hanaa A / Halcovitch, Nathan R / Hardy, John G

    International journal of biological macromolecules

    2022  Volume 229, Page(s) 561–574

    Abstract: Joint defects associated with a variety of etiologies often extend deep into the subchondral bone leading to functional impairment and joint immobility, and it is a very challenging task to regenerate the bone-cartilage interface offering significant ... ...

    Abstract Joint defects associated with a variety of etiologies often extend deep into the subchondral bone leading to functional impairment and joint immobility, and it is a very challenging task to regenerate the bone-cartilage interface offering significant opportunities for biomaterial-based interventions to improve the quality of life of patients. Herein drug-/bioactive-loaded porous tissue scaffolds incorporating nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), chitosan (CS) and either hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) are fabricated through freeze drying method as subchondral bone substitute. A combination of spectroscopy and microscopy (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to analyze the structure of the porous biomaterials. The compressive mechanical properties of these scaffolds are biomimetic of cancellous bone tissues and capable of releasing drugs/bioactives (exemplified with triamcinolone acetonide, TA, or transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1, respectively) over a period of days. Mouse preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were observed to adhere and proliferate on the tissue scaffolds as confirmed by the cell attachment, live-dead assay and alamarBlue™ assay. Interestingly, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the TA downregulated inflammatory biomarkers and upregulated the bone-specific biomarkers, suggesting such tissue scaffolds have long-term potential for clinical application.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Quality of Life ; Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Porosity
    Chemical Substances Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Biocompatible Materials
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282732-3
    ISSN 1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
    ISSN (online) 1879-0003
    ISSN 0141-8130
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.293
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  6. Article: Fabrication of dual drug loaded bilayered chitosan based composite scaffolds as osteochondral substitutes and evaluation of in vitro cell response using the MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cell line

    Samie, Muhammad / Yameen, Muhammad Arfat / Ikram, Hafiza Fakhera / Iqbal, Haffsah / Chaudhry, Aqif Anwar / ur Rehman, Ihtesham / Khan, Ather Farooq

    Cellulose. 2020 Mar., v. 27, no. 4

    2020  

    Abstract: Osteochondral defects are relatively common in weight-bearing joints of the lower extremities and require multiple approaches of treatment. This work is focused on designing three-dimensional (3D) bilayered scaffolds fully integrating a top chitosan/ ... ...

    Abstract Osteochondral defects are relatively common in weight-bearing joints of the lower extremities and require multiple approaches of treatment. This work is focused on designing three-dimensional (3D) bilayered scaffolds fully integrating a top chitosan/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose layer (CS/HPMC) mimicking cartilage and a bottom chitosan/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite layer (CS/HPMC/nHAp) imitating bone for the treatment of osteochondral defects prepared by freeze drying. Additionally, an anti-inflammatory drug (in the bottom layer) and an antibiotic drug (in the top layer) are incorporated in the form of microspheres and nanofibers, respectively, into these scaffolds to diminish/prevent post-surgical inflammation/infection through sustained release of the drugs. The scaffolds were characterized by a variety of techniques. FT-IR analysis confirmed that there is no/weak interactions between the components, SEM images showed that both layers of the scaffolds have homogenous pore distribution, and scaffolds exhibited reproducible swelling and degradation behavior. Drug release was shown to take place over a period of 14 days in PBS. The scaffolds supported the growth and proliferation of MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cells in vitro and have potential for use in vivo application in the future.
    Keywords Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; anti-inflammatory agents ; antibiotics ; cartilage ; cell lines ; cellulose ; chitosan ; freeze drying ; inflammation ; microparticles ; nanofibers ; scanning electron microscopy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-03
    Size p. 2253-2266.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1496831-9
    ISSN 1572-882X ; 0969-0239
    ISSN (online) 1572-882X
    ISSN 0969-0239
    DOI 10.1007/s10570-019-02915-x
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  7. Article: Thyroxine-loaded chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/hydroxyapatite hydrogels enhance angiogenesis in in-ovo experiments

    Malik, Muhammad Hamza / Shahzadi, Lubna / Batool, Razia / Safi, Sher Zaman / Khan, Abdul Samad / Khan, Ather Farooq / Chaudhry, Aqif Anwar / Rehman, Ihtesham Ur / Yar, Muhammad

    International journal of biological macromolecules. 2019 Oct. 03,

    2019  

    Abstract: Angiogenesis is one of the most important processes in repair and regeneration of many tissues and organs. Blood vessel formation also play a major role in repair of dental tissue(s) after ailments like periodontitis. Here we report the preparation of ... ...

    Abstract Angiogenesis is one of the most important processes in repair and regeneration of many tissues and organs. Blood vessel formation also play a major role in repair of dental tissue(s) after ailments like periodontitis. Here we report the preparation of chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/hydroxyapatite based hydrogels, loaded with variable concentrations of thyroxin i.e., 0.1 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml. Scanning electron microcopy images (SEM) showed all hydrogels were found to be porous and solution absorption study exhibited high swelling potential in aqueous media. FTIR spectra confirmed that the used materials did not change their chemical identity in synthesized hydrogels. The synthesized hydrogels demonstrated good bending, folding, rolling and stretching abilities. The hydrogels were tested in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to investigate their angiogenic potential. Hydrogel containing 0.1 μg/ml of thyroxine showed maximum neovascularization. For cytotoxicity analyses, preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded on these hydrogels and materials were found to be non-toxic. These hydrogels with pro-angiogenic activity possess great potential to be used for periodontal regeneration.
    Keywords Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; absorption ; angiogenesis ; blood vessels ; carboxymethylcellulose ; chicks ; chitosan ; chorioallantoic membrane ; cytotoxicity ; hydrogels ; hydroxyapatite ; periodontitis ; rolling ; scanning electron microscopy ; thyroxine ; tissues
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1003
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 282732-3
    ISSN 1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
    ISSN (online) 1879-0003
    ISSN 0141-8130
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.043
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  8. Article ; Online: Bacterial adaptability of enzyme and pH dual-responsive surface for infection resistance.

    Wang, Xianghong / Song, Lingjie / Zhao, Jie / Zhou, Rongtao / Luan, Shifang / Huang, Yubin / Yin, Jinghua / Khan, AtherFarooq

    Journal of materials chemistry. B

    2018  Volume 6, Issue 46, Page(s) 7710–7718

    Abstract: A major challenge in antibacterial surface preparation is the elaborated implementation of controlled antibacterial agent delivery on demand, typically at appropriate concentrations and sites, which can be an efficient way to lower bacteria resistance ... ...

    Abstract A major challenge in antibacterial surface preparation is the elaborated implementation of controlled antibacterial agent delivery on demand, typically at appropriate concentrations and sites, which can be an efficient way to lower bacteria resistance and improve therapy effectiveness. Herein, we present a bacterial hyaluronidase (HAase) and pH dual-responsive antimicrobial surface, which is constructed by sequential layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of NHS-PEG-NHS (PEG-bis(succinimidyl succinate)) and PEI (polyethylenimine), immobilization of antibiotic vancomycin (Van) by an acid-labile β-carboxylic linker and electrostatic adsorption of HA. The HA upper layer can endow the multilayer surface with excellent biocompatibility under normal physiological conditions. Once bacteria invade, the secreted HAase specifically enzymolyzes the HA layer, and then the bound Van will be released in response to the bacteria-triggered local acidification to eliminate bacteria. Our work provides a versatile strategy in the design of a smart antibacterial surface with controlled antibacterial agent delivery, implying great potential for application in infection-resistant medical devices.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2702241-9
    ISSN 2050-7518 ; 2050-750X
    ISSN (online) 2050-7518
    ISSN 2050-750X
    DOI 10.1039/c8tb01950a
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  9. Article ; Online: Smart injectable self-setting bioceramics for dental applications.

    Malik, Qurat Ul Ain / Iftikhar, Sundus / Zahid, Saba / Safi, Sher Zaman / Khan, Ather Farooq / Nawshad, Muhammad / Ghafoor, Sarah / Khan, Abdul Samad / Tufail Shah, Asma

    Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications

    2020  Volume 113, Page(s) 110956

    Abstract: A thermo-responsive injectable bioactive glass (BAG) that has the ability to set at body temperature was prepared using pluronic F127 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as the carrier. The injectable composite has the advantage to fill irregular shape ... ...

    Abstract A thermo-responsive injectable bioactive glass (BAG) that has the ability to set at body temperature was prepared using pluronic F127 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as the carrier. The injectable composite has the advantage to fill irregular shape implantation sites and quick setting at body temperature. The structural and morphological analysis of injectable BAG before and after setting was done by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The effect of an ultrasonic scaler for a quick setting of injectable BAG was also investigated. The ultrasonic scaler sets the BAG formulation three-folds faster than at body temperature and homogenized the dispersion. The in vitro bio-adhesion was studied in the bovine tooth in both artificial saliva and deionized water for periodic time intervals, i.e., day 7, 30, 90, and 180, which confirmed the apatite layer formation. The mineral density analysis was used to differentiate the newly formed apatite with tooth apatite. In the MTT assay, the experimental material showed continuous proliferation and cell growth. This indicated that injectable hydrogel promoted cell growth, facilitated proliferation, and had no cytotoxic effect. The SEM and micro-CT results (performed after in vitro bioactivity testing) showed that the injectable BAG had the ability to regenerate dentin, hence this material has the potential to be used for dental and biomedical applications including tooth and bone regeneration in minimally invasive procedures in future.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Ceramics/chemistry ; Ceramics/pharmacology ; Dental Implants ; Dentin/chemistry ; Dentin/pathology ; Glass/chemistry ; Mice ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Saliva, Artificial/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Dental Implants ; Saliva, Artificial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2012160-X
    ISSN 1873-0191 ; 0928-4931
    ISSN (online) 1873-0191
    ISSN 0928-4931
    DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110956
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  10. Article ; Online: Bioactive behavior of silicon substituted calcium phosphate based bioceramics for bone regeneration.

    Khan, Ather Farooq / Saleem, Muhammad / Afzal, Adeel / Ali, Asghar / Khan, Afsar / Khan, Abdur Rahman

    Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications

    2014  Volume 35, Page(s) 245–252

    Abstract: Bone graft substitutes are widely used for bone regeneration and repair in defect sites resulting from aging, disease, trauma, or accident. With invariably increasing clinical demands, there is an urgent need to produce artificial materials, which are ... ...

    Abstract Bone graft substitutes are widely used for bone regeneration and repair in defect sites resulting from aging, disease, trauma, or accident. With invariably increasing clinical demands, there is an urgent need to produce artificial materials, which are readily available and are capable of fast and guided skeletal repair. Calcium phosphate based bioactive ceramics are extensively utilized in bone regeneration and repair applications. Silicon is often utilized as a substituent or a dopant in these bioceramics, since it significantly enhances the ultimate properties of conventional biomaterials such as surface chemical structure, mechanical strength, bioactivity, biocompatibility, etc. This article presents an overview of the silicon substituted bioceramics, which have emerged as efficient bone replacement and bone regeneration materials. Thus, the role of silicon in enhancing the biological performance and bone forming capabilities of conventional calcium phosphate based bioceramics is identified and reviewed.
    MeSH term(s) Bone Regeneration/physiology ; Bone Substitutes/chemical synthesis ; Calcium Phosphates/chemistry ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Ceramics/chemical synthesis ; Osteoblasts/cytology ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Osteogenesis/physiology ; Silicon/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Bone Substitutes ; Calcium Phosphates ; calcium phosphate (97Z1WI3NDX) ; Silicon (Z4152N8IUI)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-02-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2012160-X
    ISSN 1873-0191 ; 0928-4931
    ISSN (online) 1873-0191
    ISSN 0928-4931
    DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2013.11.013
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