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  1. Article ; Online: Programmatic aspects of dropouts in child vaccination in Bangladesh: findings from a prospective study.

    Quaiyum, Md Abdul / Gazi, Rukhsana / Khan, Azharul I / Uddin, Jasim / Islam, Meghla / Ahmed, Faiz / Saha, Nirod C

    Asia-Pacific journal of public health

    2011  Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–150

    Abstract: The present study investigated prospectively programmatic factors relating to dropouts in child vaccination in 6 subdistricts of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey (n = 2700) was conducted estimating overall coverage of immunization using cluster ... ...

    Abstract The present study investigated prospectively programmatic factors relating to dropouts in child vaccination in 6 subdistricts of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey (n = 2700) was conducted estimating overall coverage of immunization using cluster sampling. The eligible subsample of children (n = 1064) was followed up prospectively to understand reasons for dropouts. In-depth interviews (n = 73) with mothers/caregivers and service providers were done and EPI (Expanded Programme on Immunization) sessions were observed (n = 131). Irregular EPI sessions were the prime cause of dropouts particularly in low-performing subdistricts. The other programmatic factors linked with dropouts were (a) no reminder about subsequent session/doses, (b) unfriendly behavior or absence of vaccinator, ( c) refusal due to lost card or vaccine exhausted, and (d) short duration of sessions. Providers highlighted constraints such as financial problems for transportation, particularly in the hard-to-reach areas and vacancies of the posts of health assistants. The barriers to completing full schedules of vaccination can be removed to a large extent through programmatic adjustments.
    MeSH term(s) Bangladesh ; Child Health Services/organization & administration ; Child Health Services/utilization ; Humans ; Immunization/statistics & numerical data ; Immunization/utilization ; Immunization Programs/organization & administration ; Immunization Programs/utilization ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data ; Professional-Patient Relations ; Program Evaluation ; Prospective Studies ; Qualitative Research ; Refusal to Treat ; Reminder Systems ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1025444-4
    ISSN 1941-2479 ; 1010-5395
    ISSN (online) 1941-2479
    ISSN 1010-5395
    DOI 10.1177/1010539509342119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Cholera's western front.

    Harris, Jason B / Larocque, Regina C / Charles, Richelle C / Mazumder, Ramendra N / Khan, Azharul I / Bardhan, Pradip K

    Lancet (London, England)

    2010  Volume 376, Issue 9757, Page(s) 1961–1965

    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Caribbean Region/epidemiology ; Cholera/diagnosis ; Cholera/epidemiology ; Cholera/mortality ; Cholera/therapy ; Cholera/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data ; Doxycycline/therapeutic use ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Erythromycin/therapeutic use ; Fluid Therapy/methods ; Global Health ; Haiti/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Latin America/epidemiology ; Pandemics/statistics & numerical data ; Public Health/standards ; Public Health/statistics & numerical data ; Rehydration Solutions/administration & dosage ; Sanitation/standards ; Tetracycline/therapeutic use ; Vibrio cholerae O1/isolation & purification ; Water Supply/standards ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Rehydration Solutions ; Erythromycin (63937KV33D) ; Tetracycline (F8VB5M810T) ; Doxycycline (N12000U13O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-11-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62172-1
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  3. Article ; Online: Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from the Sierra Leone cholera outbreak in 2012.

    Mahmud, Zahid H / Islam, Shafiqul / Zaman, Rokon U / Akter, Mahmuda / Talukder, Kaisar A / Bardhan, Pradip K / Khan, Azharul I / Rhodes, Faye C / Kamara, Abdul / Wurie, Isatta M / Alemu, Wondimagegnehu / Jambai, Amara / Faruque, Shah M / Clemens, John D / Islam, Mohammad S

    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    2014  Volume 108, Issue 11, Page(s) 715–720

    Abstract: Background: This study describes phenotypic, genotypic and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the strains isolated from the 2012 Sierra Leone cholera outbreak. Rectal swabs were collected from patients and cultured for Vibrio cholerae O1.: Methods!# ...

    Abstract Background: This study describes phenotypic, genotypic and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the strains isolated from the 2012 Sierra Leone cholera outbreak. Rectal swabs were collected from patients and cultured for Vibrio cholerae O1.
    Methods: The isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR, mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antibiotic sensitivity tests using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) E-test following standard procedures.
    Results: Out of 17 rectal swabs tested, 15 yielded V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa. All the strains belonged to 'altered' variants as MAMA PCR result showed the presence of classical cholera toxin B. PFGE result revealed four pulse types. Using antibiotic disk diffusion, all the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, furazolidone, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) except SL1 which was sensitive to chloramphenicol and SXT. All the isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin except SL2 which was resistant to nalidixic acid. However, variable sensitivity patterns were observed for kanamycin. The ranges of MIC were 0.125-0.50 mg/l, 0.003-0.023 mg/l and 0.38-0.75 mg/l for azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, respectively.
    Conclusions: This study demonstrates that altered variants of V. cholerae O1 of four clonal types were responsible for the 2012 outbreak of cholera in Sierra Leone.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Azithromycin/pharmacology ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Cholera/drug therapy ; Cholera/epidemiology ; Cholera/microbiology ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genotype ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Sierra Leone/epidemiology ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Vibrio cholerae O1/classification ; Vibrio cholerae O1/drug effects ; Vibrio cholerae O1/genetics ; Vibrio cholerae O1/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; DNA, Bacterial ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Azithromycin (83905-01-5) ; Tetracycline (F8VB5M810T)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 441375-1
    ISSN 1878-3503 ; 0035-9203
    ISSN (online) 1878-3503
    ISSN 0035-9203
    DOI 10.1093/trstmh/tru137
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    Un I Zs.257: Show issues Location:
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  4. Book ; Online: Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from the Sierra Leone cholera outbreak in 2012

    Talukder, Kaisar A / Jambai, Amara / Mahmud, Zahid H / Akter, Mahmuda / Clemens, John D / Bardhan, Pradip K / Islam, Shafiqul / Zaman, Rokon U / Kamara, Abdul / Rhodes, Faye C / Alemu, Wondimagegnehu / Faruque, Shah M / Khan, Azharul I / Islam, Mohammad S / Wurie, Isatta M

    2014  

    Abstract: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ... Journal Article ... BACKGROUND: This study describes phenotypic, genotypic and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the strains isolated from the 2012 Sierra Leone cholera outbreak. Rectal swabs were collected from ... ...

    Abstract Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

    Journal Article

    BACKGROUND: This study describes phenotypic, genotypic and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the strains isolated from the 2012 Sierra Leone cholera outbreak. Rectal swabs were collected from patients and cultured for Vibrio cholerae O1. METHODS: The isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR, mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antibiotic sensitivity tests using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) E-test following standard procedures. RESULTS: Out of 17 rectal swabs tested, 15 yielded V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa. All the strains belonged to 'altered' variants as MAMA PCR result showed the presence of classical cholera toxin B. PFGE result revealed four pulse types. Using antibiotic disk diffusion, all the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, furazolidone, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) except SL1 which was sensitive to chloramphenicol and SXT. All the isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin except SL2 which was resistant to nalidixic acid. However, variable sensitivity patterns were observed for kanamycin. The ranges of MIC were 0.125-0.50 mg/l, 0.003-0.023 mg/l and 0.38-0.75 mg/l for azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that altered variants of V. cholerae O1 of four clonal types were responsible for the 2012 outbreak of cholera in Sierra Leone.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09-18
    Document type Book ; Online
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  5. Article ; Online: Phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of strains isolated from the cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe.

    Islam, Mohammad S / Mahmud, Zahid H / Ansaruzzaman, Mohammad / Faruque, Shah M / Talukder, Kaisar A / Qadri, Firdausi / Alam, Munirul / Islam, Shafiqul / Bardhan, Pradip K / Mazumder, Ramendra N / Khan, Azharul I / Ahmed, Sirajuddin / Iqbal, Anwarul / Chitsatso, Owen / Mudzori, James / Patel, Sheetal / Midzi, Stanley M / Charimari, Lincoln / Endtz, Hubert P /
    Cravioto, Alejandro

    Journal of clinical microbiology

    2011  Volume 49, Issue 6, Page(s) 2325–2327

    Abstract: This paper details the phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 88 Vibrio cholerae strains from Zimbabwe. Of the 88 strains, 83 were classified as "altered El Tor" and 5 as "hybrid El Tor" strains. All of the strains were susceptible ...

    Abstract This paper details the phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 88 Vibrio cholerae strains from Zimbabwe. Of the 88 strains, 83 were classified as "altered El Tor" and 5 as "hybrid El Tor" strains. All of the strains were susceptible to tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin by disc diffusion, but susceptibility to tetracycline and azithromycin diminished when observed using the MIC method.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Cholera/epidemiology ; Cholera/microbiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genotype ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Typing ; Vibrio cholerae/drug effects ; Vibrio cholerae/genetics ; Vibrio cholerae/isolation & purification ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 390499-4
    ISSN 1098-660X ; 0095-1137
    ISSN (online) 1098-660X
    ISSN 0095-1137
    DOI 10.1128/JCM.00432-11
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    Zs.A 1188: Show issues Location:
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