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Article: Warning against monsoon infections: A burden on healthcare in Pakistan.

Mansoor, Fatima / Khan, Erum

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2023 Volume 73, Issue 4, Page(s) 960

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Environmental Monitoring ; Seasons ; Health Facilities ; Delivery of Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.7919
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Article ; Online: Genetics and Genomics of Chronic Pancreatitis with a Focus on Disease Biology and Molecular Pathogenesis.

Khan, Erum / Chakrabarty, Soura / Shariff, Sanobar / Bardhan, Mainak

Global medical genetics

2023 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 324–334

Abstract: Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term fibroinflammatory condition of the pancreas with varying incidences across countries. The recent increase in its occurrence implies the involvement of genetic, hereditary, and unconventional risk factors. However, ... ...

Abstract	Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term fibroinflammatory condition of the pancreas with varying incidences across countries. The recent increase in its occurrence implies the involvement of genetic, hereditary, and unconventional risk factors. However, there is a lack of updated literature on recent advances in genetic polymorphisms of chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, this review aims to present recent findings on the genetic implications of chronic pancreatitis based on individual gene mechanisms and to discuss epigenetics and epistasis involved in the disease. Four mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis, including premature activation of proteases, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ductal pathway dysfunction, and inflammatory pathway dysfunction. These mechanisms involve genes such as
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3009997-3
ISSN	2699-9404 ; 2699-9404
ISSN (online)	2699-9404
ISSN	2699-9404
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1776981
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Article ; Online: Building Research Capacity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Pandemic Preparedness: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.

Kilmarx, Peter H / Goraleski, Karen A / Khan, Erum / Lindo, John F / Saravia, Nancy Gore

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2024 Volume 110, Issue 3, Page(s) 417–420

Abstract: Research capacity is a critical component of pandemic preparedness, as highlighted by the challenges faced during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Recent global initiatives, such as the Research & Development Task Force of the Global Health Security ... ...

Abstract	Research capacity is a critical component of pandemic preparedness, as highlighted by the challenges faced during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Recent global initiatives, such as the Research & Development Task Force of the Global Health Security Agenda and the World Health Assembly's resolution on strengthening clinical trials, emphasize the need for robust research capabilities. This Perspective discusses the experiences of leaders in infectious disease research and capacity building in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on Colombia, Jamaica, and Pakistan. These case studies underscore the importance of collaborative efforts, interdisciplinary training, and global partnerships in pandemic response. The experiences highlight the necessity for rapid pathogen identification, capacity for genomic sequencing, and proactive engagement with policymakers. Challenges faced, including the shortage of trained staff and reliance on imported reagents, emphasize the ongoing need for building research capacity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pandemic Preparedness ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control ; Global Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.23-0675
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Article: COVID-19 and Mucormycosis Coinfection: How Challenging It Is.

Nayak, Niranjan / Khan, Erum / Panigrahi, Debadatta

The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 8617212

Abstract: Recently, cases of rhinoorbital mucormycosis in people diagnosed with COVID-19 have been reported from India particularly. Diabetes mellitus though happens to be an independent risk factor both for severe COVID-19 and mucormycosis, administration of ... ...

Abstract	Recently, cases of rhinoorbital mucormycosis in people diagnosed with COVID-19 have been reported from India particularly. Diabetes mellitus though happens to be an independent risk factor both for severe COVID-19 and mucormycosis, administration of steroids is attributed as a precipitating factor for acquiring the comorbid condition. This opportunistic fungal infection is highly angioinvasive in nature because of which, clinical outcome of infection is invariably poor, especially with rhinocerebral or rhinoorbitocerebral variety of mucormycosis. However, effective management depends upon timely and accurate diagnosis and parenteral administration of amphotericin B. At the same time, judicious use of steroids is a key factor. In addition, glycemic control in those who are severely diabetic is strongly advocated. Exenteration of an eyeball may be indicated if cavernous sinus and intracranial spread are anticipated. Therefore, in order to facilitate faster healing and better penetration of antifungal drugs, surgical debridement of the paranasal sinus cavities and removal of dead tissue from the sinuses are recommended.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-07
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1057056-1
ISSN	1712-9532 ; 1180-2332
ISSN	1712-9532 ; 1180-2332
DOI	10.1155/2022/8617212
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Article: Genetics and Genomics of Chronic Pancreatitis with a Focus on Disease Biology and Molecular Pathogenesis

Khan, Erum / Chakrabarty, Soura / Shariff, Sanobar / Bardhan, Mainak

Global Medical Genetics

2023 Volume 10, Issue 04, Page(s) 324–334

Abstract	Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term fibroinflammatory condition of the pancreas with varying incidences across countries. The recent increase in its occurrence implies the involvement of genetic, hereditary, and unconventional risk factors. However, there is a lack of updated literature on recent advances in genetic polymorphisms of chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, this review aims to present recent findings on the genetic implications of chronic pancreatitis based on individual gene mechanisms and to discuss epigenetics and epistasis involved in the disease. Four mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis, including premature activation of proteases, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ductal pathway dysfunction, and inflammatory pathway dysfunction. These mechanisms involve genes such as PRSS1, PRSS2, SPINK, CEL, PNLIP, PNLIPRP2, CFTR, CaSR, CLDN2, Alpha 1 antitrypsin, and GGT1. Studying genetic polymorphisms on the basis of altered genes and their products may aid clinicians in identifying predispositions in patients with and without common risk factors. Further research may also identify associations between genetic predispositions and disease staging or prognosis, leading to personalized treatment protocols and precision medicine.
Keywords	pancreatitis ; chronic pancreatitis ; genetics ; genomics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-22
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3009997-3
ISSN	2699-9404 ; 2699-9404
ISSN (online)	2699-9404
ISSN	2699-9404
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1776981
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Face-to-face and e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Pakistani dental undergraduates perspective.

Syed, Jammaluddin / Khan, Erum / Kayal, Rayyan A / Al Amoudi, Ahmed / Nasir, Muhammad / Hassan, Nisreen Nabiel / Alsadi, Fahad Mohammad / Ali, Saqib

Work (Reading, Mass.)

2024

Abstract: Background: Globally, educational institutes have been obliged to make a quick transition from traditional face-to-face teaching to e-learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has purportedly created various barriers to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Globally, educational institutes have been obliged to make a quick transition from traditional face-to-face teaching to e-learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has purportedly created various barriers to achieving desired learning outcomes. Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the perceptions of undergraduate dental students regarding online and physical learning in Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022. The study comprised dental students from 1st to 4th years who were above the age of 18 and of either gender. The Google Forms questionnaire was created to evaluate the quality and efficiency of online and physical learning among dentistry undergraduates. Results: In a survey of 246 students, 70.3% strongly agreed that they would prefer face-to-face instruction over e-learning. There was a statistically significant difference in the improvement of students' technical skills (p = 0.01), accessibility to instructors (p = 0.01) and classmates (p = 0.02), value of technology (p = 0.03), improvement of oral communication skills (p = 0.01), promotion of hybrid model learning after the pandemic (p = 0.01), and utilization of tutorial services (p = 0.04) between different year of study. Conclusion: Pakistani dental students indicated satisfaction with numerous aspects of e-learning, such as technical skills, accessibility to instructors and classmates, the value of technology, improvement of oral communication skills, promotion of hybrid model learning, and utilization of tutorial services compared to face-to-face education concerning the year of study.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1394194-x
ISSN	1875-9270 ; 1051-9815
ISSN (online)	1875-9270
ISSN	1051-9815
DOI	10.3233/WOR-220634
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Article: Relationship of early weaning and non-nutritive sucking habits with facial development.

Khan, Erum Behroz / Bibi, Ayesha / Mottani, Danish Ali / Kumar, Sarvaich

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2022 Volume 72, Issue 6, Page(s) 1118–1122

Abstract: Objective: To determine the frequency of malocclusion features, convex facial profile and non-nutritive sucking habits among children with and without early weaning.: Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Child ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the frequency of malocclusion features, convex facial profile and non-nutritive sucking habits among children with and without early weaning. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from June to December 2020, and comprised of either gender aged 3-6 years. The subjects were clinically examined, and details of lactation period, bottle feeding, thumb and pacifiers sucking were gathered from the parents to assess association with malocclusion. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 180 subjects, 100(55.5%) were boys and 80(45.5%) were girls. There was significant association of early weaning with non-nutritive sucking habits, absent primate spaces, deviated midlines, and complete overbite (p<0.05). Breastfeeding <2 years was significantly associated with anterior crossbite (p<0.05). Early weaning had no association with convex facial profile, distoclusion, anterior and posterior crossbite and increased overjet (p>0.05). Non-nutritive sucking habits had significant relationship with deviated dental midlines (p>0.05). Conclusion: Early weaning was found to be a factor in establishing non-nutritive sucking habits, and was strongly associated with crowding, disturbed vertical overlapping of incisors and developing decreased facial height. Breastfeeding for less than the recommended duration had a tendency to lead to anterior cross-bite.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Feeding ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Fingersucking/adverse effects ; Habits ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion/epidemiology ; Pacifiers ; Weaning
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-14
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.3249
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Article: Scientific trends on research on denture stomatitis based on Scopus database: A bibliometric analysis.

Alam, Beenish-Fatima / Nayab, Talha / Bugshan, Amr S / Gad, Mohammed M / Khan, Erum / Ali, Saqib

Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry

2023 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) e217–e224

Abstract: Background: Denture stomatitis is a clinical condition that affects people who wear removable maxillary dentures. It causes redness, soreness, and erythema and ultimately affects the general condition of the patient. The objective of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Denture stomatitis is a clinical condition that affects people who wear removable maxillary dentures. It causes redness, soreness, and erythema and ultimately affects the general condition of the patient. The objective of this study was to analyze the leading countries, journals, organizations, and authors and the frequently used keywords associated with denture stomatitis. Material and methods: A bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the Scopus database was conducted, and the article titles, abstracts, and keywords were analyzed using the VOSviewer software. Denture stomatitis-related publications from 1960 to 2021 were collected. This study included only research papers published in English with "article" as the paper type and dentistry as the subject area. Results: Data from a total of 461 articles and 10 different journals were obtained. The papers were published in 64 different countries. Brazil and the United States of America were the top contributing countries, and the University of Sydney was the leading organization. Papers published in the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation received the highest number of citations, while author Gordon Ramage from the University of Glasgow received the highest number of citations. Conclusions: The bibliometric analysis revealed that the number of denture stomatitis-related publications indexed in the Scopus database is increasing globally. Since 2007, there has been an increase in research interest regarding denture stomatitis, with more publications from several countries expected to be published in different journals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2586647-3
ISSN	1989-5488
ISSN	1989-5488
DOI	10.4317/jced.60249
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Article ; Online: Etiology of Acute Infectious Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis in Karachi, Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Center.

Shakoor, Sadia / Fatima, Tazeen / Mir, Fatima / Shahid, Asima / Shaheen, Najma / Khan, Erum / Jamil, Bushra

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2023 Volume 109, Issue 2, Page(s) 450–459

Abstract: Meningoencephalitis (ME) is potentially fatal and is caused by a wide array of pathogens. Diagnostic and health-care access gaps prevent accurate estimation of the pathogen-specific burden in low-resource settings. We present pathogen-specific etiologies ...

Abstract	Meningoencephalitis (ME) is potentially fatal and is caused by a wide array of pathogens. Diagnostic and health-care access gaps prevent accurate estimation of the pathogen-specific burden in low-resource settings. We present pathogen-specific etiologies among patients hospitalized with ME in Karachi, Pakistan. We performed a retrospective hospital database evaluation of pathogen etiology and outcomes of community-acquired infectious ME at a single tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan. Annual rates of hospitalization (ARH) were calculated by adjusting for missed cases and are reported per 100,000 population. From May 2017 to April 2020, 522 episodes of infectious ME were identified in 514 patients. The overall ARH from ME was 5.7/100,000 population (95% CI, 5.1-6.1). Among children younger than 5 years, the ARH was 9.8/100,000 population (95% CI, 8.1-11.8). Unknown causes of ME resulted in the greatest burden, with an ARH of 1.9/100,000 population (95% CI, 1.7-2.2). Among known causes, the greatest burden of hospitalizations resulted from tuberculous ME (0.8/100,000; 95% CI, 0.6-0.97), followed by pneumococcal and enteroviral ME (both 0.6/100,000 population; 95% CI, 0.5-0.8). The burden of ME caused by pathogens preventable through vaccination or public health measures outweighed that of ME from other causes (P = 0.0092, Fisher's exact test). We report a broad range of pathogens causing ME in southern Pakistan and show a high burden of preventable illness. Synergistic actions to improve diagnostic strategies, increase vaccinations, and introduce measures to reduce water-borne and vector-borne diseases are required to reduce the ME burden in Pakistan and prevent future outbreaks.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Retrospective Studies ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Meningitis ; Meningoencephalitis/epidemiology ; Meningoencephalitis/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.23-0182
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Article ; Online: Disease modifying therapy and pregnancy outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Khan, Erum / Kagzi, Yusuf / Elkhooly, Mahmoud / Surpur, Swapnil / Wen, Sijin / Sharma, Kanika / Sriwastava, Shitiz

Journal of neuroimmunology

2023 Volume 383, Page(s) 578178

Abstract: Objectives: To report pregnancy outcomes among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).: Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of articles published from June 1996 to May 2023. Additional ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To report pregnancy outcomes among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of articles published from June 1996 to May 2023. Additional information was acquired from the drug registries of individual pharmaceutical companies. A comparison was also made with pregnancy data of the general population using the World Health Organization database. Summary analysis was achieved using R statistical software (v3.6), and the overall prevalence of outcomes was estimated using a random effects model. Results: A meta-analysis of 44 studies was conducted. Dimethyl fumarate had the highest prevalence of premature births at 0.6667% (SD:0.5236-0.7845). The highest rates of stillbirths and infant deaths (perinatal and neonatal) were observed with interferons at 0.004% (SD:0.001-0.010) and 0.009% (SD:0.005-0.0015), respectively. Cladribine had the majority of ectopic pregnancies (0.0234%, SD:0.0041-1217), while natalizumab had the highest prevalence of spontaneous abortions (0.1177%, SD:0.0931-0.1477) and live birth defects (0.0755%, SD:0.0643-0.0943).None of the outcomes were significantly different from those of the general population (p > 0.05), except ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion (p < 0.001), where the odds were 0.665 (0.061-0.886) and 0.537(0.003-0.786), respectively. The pooled prevalence of MS relapses was 221% for a single episode (SD:0.001-0.714), 0.075% for more than one episode (SD:0.006-0.167), and 0.141% for at least one episode requiring steroids (SD:0.073-0.206) none of these reached clinical significance. Conclusion: Existing research suggests that DMT use in MS patients during pregnancy is generally considered safe. This study supports their utilization on a case-by-case basis. However, further primary research on this topic with clinical trials is warranted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	8335-5
ISSN	1872-8421 ; 0165-5728
ISSN (online)	1872-8421
ISSN	0165-5728
DOI	10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578178
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