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Book ; Online: A Strong Duality Result for Constrained POMDPs with Multiple Cooperative Agents

Khan, Nouman / Subramanian, Vijay

2023

Abstract: The work studies the problem of decentralized constrained POMDPs in a team-setting where multiple nonstrategic agents have asymmetric information. Using an extension of Sion's Minimax theorem for functions with positive infinity and results on weak- ... ...

Abstract	The work studies the problem of decentralized constrained POMDPs in a team-setting where multiple nonstrategic agents have asymmetric information. Using an extension of Sion's Minimax theorem for functions with positive infinity and results on weak-convergence of measures, strong duality is established for the setting of infinite-horizon expected total discounted costs when the observations lie in a countable space, the actions are chosen from a finite space, the constraint costs are bounded, and the objective cost is bounded from below.
Keywords	Mathematics - Optimization and Control ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Backward and Forward Inference in Interacting Independent-Cascade Processes

Khan, Nouman / Mu, Kangle / Moharrami, Mehrdad / Subramanian, Vijay

A Scalable and Convergent Message-Passing Approach

2023

Abstract: We study the problems of estimating the past and future evolutions of two diffusion processes that spread concurrently on a network. Specifically, given a known network $G=(V, \overrightarrow{E})$ and a (possibly noisy) snapshot $\mathcal{O}_n$ of its ... ...

Abstract	We study the problems of estimating the past and future evolutions of two diffusion processes that spread concurrently on a network. Specifically, given a known network $G=(V, \overrightarrow{E})$ and a (possibly noisy) snapshot $\mathcal{O}_n$ of its state taken at (a possibly unknown) time $W$, we wish to determine the posterior distributions of the initial state of the network and the infection times of its nodes. These distributions are useful in finding source nodes of epidemics and rumors -- $\textit{backward inference}$ -- , and estimating the spread of a fixed set of source nodes -- $\textit{forward inference}$. To model the interaction between the two processes, we study an extension of the independent-cascade (IC) model where, when a node gets infected with either process, its susceptibility to the other one changes. First, we derive the exact joint probability of the initial state of the network and the observation-snapshot $\mathcal{O}_n$. Then, using the machinery of factor-graphs, factor-graph transformations, and the generalized distributive-law, we derive a Belief-Propagation (BP) based algorithm that is scalable to large networks and can converge on graphs of arbitrary topology (at a likely expense in approximation accuracy).
Keywords	Computer Science - Social and Information Networks ; Mathematics - Statistics Theory ; Statistics - Machine Learning
Publishing date	2023-10-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hydrogen from sewage sludge: Production methods, influencing factors, challenges, and prospects.

Khan, Usman / Bilal, Muhammad / Adil, Hossain Md / Darlington, Nnabodo / Khan, Ahsan / Khan, Nouman / Ihsanullah, I

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 919, Page(s) 170696

Abstract: The rising global population and rapid industrialization have frequently resulted in a significant escalation in energy requirements. Hydrogen, renowned for its eco-friendly and renewable characteristics, has garnered substantial interest as a fuel ... ...

Abstract	The rising global population and rapid industrialization have frequently resulted in a significant escalation in energy requirements. Hydrogen, renowned for its eco-friendly and renewable characteristics, has garnered substantial interest as a fuel alternative to address the energy needs currently fulfilled by fossil fuels. Embracing such energy substitutes holds pivotal importance in advancing environmental sustainability, aiding in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions - the primary catalysts of global warming and climate fluctuations. This study elucidates recent trends in sewage sludge (SS)-derived hydrogen through diverse production pathways and critically evaluates the impact of varying parameters on hydrogen yield. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the breakdown of the hydrogen generation process from SS is provided, along with an assessment of its economic dimensions. The review culminates by illuminating key obstacles in the adoption of this innovative technology, accompanied by practical recommendations to surmount these challenges. This comprehensive analysis is expected to attract considerable interest from stakeholders within the hydrogen production domain, fostering substantial engagement.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170696
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Book ; Online: Rarest-First with Probabilistic-Mode-Suppression

Khan, Nouman / Moharrami, Mehrdad / Subramanian, Vijay

2022

Abstract: Recent studies suggested that the BitTorrent's rarest-first protocol, owing to its work-conserving nature, can become unstable in the presence of non-persistent users. Consequently, for any provably stable protocol, many peers, at some point, would have ... ...

Abstract	Recent studies suggested that the BitTorrent's rarest-first protocol, owing to its work-conserving nature, can become unstable in the presence of non-persistent users. Consequently, for any provably stable protocol, many peers, at some point, would have to be endogenously forced to hold off their file-download activity. In this work, we propose a tunable piece-selection policy that minimizes this (undesirable) requisite by combining the (work-conserving but not stabilizing) rarest-first protocol with only an appropriate share of the (non-work conserving and stabilizing) mode-suppression protocol. We refer to this policy as ``Rarest-First with Probabilistic Mode-Suppression'' or simply RFwPMS. We study RFwPMS using a stochastic abstraction of the BitTorrent network that is general enough to capture a multiple swarm setting of non-persistent users -- each swarm having its own altruistic preferences that may or may not overlap with those of other swarms. Using Lyapunov drift analysis, we show that for all kinds of inter-swarm behaviors and all arrival-rate configurations, RFwPMS is stable. Then, using the Kingman's moment bound technique, we further show that the expected steady-state sojourn time of RFwPMS is independent of the arrival-rate in the single-swarm case (under a mild additional assumption). Finally, our simulation-based performance evaluation confirms our theoretical findings and shows that the steady-state expected sojourn time is linear in the file-size (compared to our loose estimate of a polynomial with degree 6). Overall, an improved performance is observed in comparison to previously proposed stabilizing schemes like mode-suppression (MS).
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Subject code	629
Publishing date	2022-10-31
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Long-term retroperitoneal lymph node dissection outcomes for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors with postchemotherapy retroperitoneal residual tumors, in a specialized hospital of Saudi Arabia.

Buksh, Omar / Khan, Nouman / Alzahrani, Hani / Khogeer, Ahmad / Akram, Rabea / Alakra'a, Mahmoud / Alammari, Adel / Junaid, Islam

Urology annals

2023 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 388–392

Abstract: Background: In men under the age of 35 years, testicular cancer is the most prevalent solid tumor. Additional treatment is necessary for many people with nonseminomatus germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). Whether in conjunction with chemotherapy or as a stand- ... ...

Abstract	Background: In men under the age of 35 years, testicular cancer is the most prevalent solid tumor. Additional treatment is necessary for many people with nonseminomatus germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). Whether in conjunction with chemotherapy or as a stand-alone procedure, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) continues to play a critical role in the treatment of these patients. There is a lack of information in Saudi Arabian literature about the long-term oncologic outcome of NSGCT following RPLND surgery. Objective: The study's goals were to identify clinical and pathological characteristics related with long-term survival following NSGCT for RPLND, as well as to assess the surgical and oncological results of this treatment. Methodology: From January 2010 to April 2021, nine adults who had had orchidectomy for testicular cancer and RPLND following treatment for the evidence of persistent NSGCT disease at our hospital were included in this retrospective research. Demographic information, laboratory results, radiological findings, staging, chemotherapy and radiotherapy status, surgical procedure details, perioperative problems, morbidity, and mortality were all acquired from patients' medical records. Rates of disease return and overall survival. SPSS was utilized for the data analysis. Results: During the study period, nine patients with NSGCT underwent RPLND, with a mean age of 28 years (5.4: standard deviation). The most common diseases were yolk sac and embryonal cell cancer. In addition to receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, all patients had a Clavien-Dindo score of 2, and there was no mortality after RPLND. Overall median survival time was 26, and disease-free survival time was 21 months. Overall survival at 1 year was 86%, and at 5 years, it was 66%. The prognosis of embryonal cell cancer was more optimistic than that of a tumor of the yolk sac. Conclusion: We have shown that RPLND has an extremely low rate of morbidity and postoperative problems. In terms of oncology, it results in adequate overall and disease-free survival rates, with low morbidity and postoperative complications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0974-7796
ISSN	0974-7796
DOI	10.4103/ua.ua_134_22
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Article: Pharmacoepidemiological evaluation of off label and unlicensed prescription in pediatric intensive care units at tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan.

Aamir, Muhammad / Abid Shah, Muhammad / Naheed Kauser, Tabassum / Khan, Nouman / Mehmood, Irum / Ali Khan, Jamshaid / Iqbal, Waheed

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

2023 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 81–87

Abstract: Population of pediatric intensive care units are at high risk of receiving off label and unlicensed drug use. Little is known about the characteristics and prevalence of unlicensed and off label prescriptions in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) at ... ...

Abstract	Population of pediatric intensive care units are at high risk of receiving off label and unlicensed drug use. Little is known about the characteristics and prevalence of unlicensed and off label prescriptions in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) at tertiary care settings of Pakistan. Case notes of 420 children were reviewed for unlicensed and off label prescriptions during the one year. Medication profiles were assessed using Micromedex. Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds-ratios for predictors of unlicensed and off label prescriptions. of the total prescriptions, 29.8% prescriptions were unlicensed from FDA and 42.27% prescriptions were off labelled. Dose (32.79%) was the most common reason for off label prescriptions followed by the indication (26.13%) and indication-dose (13.98%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed no significant association between the unlicensed prescriptions with their predictors. In reference to corresponding category, prescribed medications less than 5 (OR 0.280, 95%CL 0.137-0.570) were significantly less likely to receive off label prescriptions as compared to patients received 6 or more medications. Substantial numbers of children are exposed to unlicensed and off label prescriptions. Standards of drug quality, safety and efficacy should apply equally in adults and in pediatrics under ethical perspective. Suitable clinical interventions must be established by drug manufactures and government agencies for improved pediatric pharmacotherapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Infant ; Off-Label Use ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Pakistan ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Prescriptions
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	885131-1
ISSN	1011-601X
ISSN	1011-601X
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Zs.A 6588: Show issues

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Book ; Online: New trends in radiology education, time to adapt locally

Khan, Faheem Ullah / Khan, Nouman / Saeed, Muhammad Arif

Department of Radiology

2020

Keywords	Radiology ; Residency ; Education ; Medical ; COVID-19 ; Medical Education ; covid19
Publishing date	2020-05-01T07:00:00Z
Publisher	eCommons@AKU
Publishing country	pk
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Evaluating humidity sensing response of graphene quantum dots synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of glucose.

Khan, Nouman / Nawaz, Ahmad / Islam, Bilal / Sayyad, M Hassan / Joya, Yasir Faheem / Islam, Sara / Bibi, Saira

Nanotechnology

2021 Volume 32, Issue 29

Abstract: Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were prepared using a single-step hydrothermal treatment of glucose ( ... ...

Abstract	Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were prepared using a single-step hydrothermal treatment of glucose (C
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362365-5
ISSN	1361-6528 ; 0957-4484
ISSN (online)	1361-6528
ISSN	0957-4484
DOI	10.1088/1361-6528/abe670
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Article ; Online: Survival And Progression After Radical Nephrectomy In A Cohort Of Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Curative Intent.

Khan, Nouman / Irshad Khalil, Muhammad Arshad / Ali, Azfar / Manzoor, Sidra / Urooj, Namra / Mir, Khurram

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

2019 Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 314–319

Abstract: Background: Radical nephrectomy (RN) is a standard treatment of cure for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (NMRCC). Long-term outcome data are limited for Pakistani population. Our aim was to assess the long-term outcomes of RCC treated with curative ... ...

Abstract	Background: Radical nephrectomy (RN) is a standard treatment of cure for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (NMRCC). Long-term outcome data are limited for Pakistani population. Our aim was to assess the long-term outcomes of RCC treated with curative intent with radical nephrectomy (RN) and to study the 5 & 10years survival outcomes in patients with NMRCC who underwent radical nephrectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective review and analysis of the data between December 2006 and February 2017. We included all the adult patients (age ≥18 years) with NMRCC from both genders irrespective of their histologic subtypes who underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) with a curative intent. The data was analysed for overall survival and recurrence rates at 5- and 10-years using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox-regression to identify risk factors associated with poor overall outcome in terms of recurrence and mortality. Results: Three hundred and forty-four patients with 195 (55.5%) males and 149 (44.2%) females with a mean age of 53.5±14.1 years were monitored for a mean follow-up of 31.1±26.77 months (range: 3-132 months). Overall there were 46 (13.4%) deaths. Forty-nine 14.2%) cases had disease recurrence with 33 (9.5%) deaths from disease progression. The 5-year progression-free survival was 37% (95% CI: 49.04-72.76) with the median time to recurrence of 33 months (95% CI: 27.6-38.4) and the median overall survival was 103.7 months (95% CI: 95.7-111.7). The 5-year overall survival was 76.1% (95% CI: 75.2-77) while 10-year survival was 70.8%. There was a significant median survival difference for cases with and without recurrence (log-rank χ2: 117.5, p<0.001), T stage, Fuhrman's grade, and early postoperative recurrence. Conclusions: Radical nephrectomy offers the best survival for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with excellent postoperative survival and progression-free profile. Although renal cell cancer presents in younger age group but the long-term survival after radical nephrectomy in Pakistani population is similar to the rest of the world.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/mortality ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy/mortality ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-18
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192473-9
ISSN	1819-2718 ; 1025-9589
ISSN (online)	1819-2718
ISSN	1025-9589
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 6109: Show issues

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Article: FREQUENCY AND FACTORS EFFECTING NON CLEARANCE OF LOWER POLE RENAL STONES.

Ullah, Amin / Zubair, Mohammad / Khan, Nouman / Malik, Asif

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

2015 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 384–387

Abstract: Background: Renal stone disease is a major health hazard in Pakistan and extra-corporeal shockwave lithofripsy is one of comprehensive method used to treat these stones. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of factors affecting the non- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Renal stone disease is a major health hazard in Pakistan and extra-corporeal shockwave lithofripsy is one of comprehensive method used to treat these stones. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of factors affecting the non-clearance of stone fragments of lower pole renalstone after extra corporeal shockwave lithotripsy. The study was done with the objective to determine the frequency the spatial anatomical factors which can influence the non-clearance of lower pole stone fragments after ESWL. Methods: One and nineteen (119) patients with lower pole renal stone less than 10 mm were subjected to maximum 3 sessions of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. KUB radiographs, ultrasonography and intravenous urography were used as investigative tools for lower pole renal calyceal anatomy. X ray KUB and ultrasound were done after a week for clearance. Data was analysed with the help of SPSS version 10.0 and presented in the forms of tables and graphs. Results: There were 77 (64.71%) males and 42 (35.29%) females. Infundibulo-pelvic angle (IPA)>40' was present in 93 (78.15%), Infundibular length (IL) <22 mm in 107 (89.92%) and Infundibular width (W) >4 mm was present in 100 (84.03%) patients. The frequency of stone non clearance was noted in 31 (26.05%). Infundibulo-pelvic angle (IPA)>40 degrees (p=0.000), Infundibular length (IL)<22 mm (p=0.001) and Infundibular width (IW)>4 mm (p=0.046) were significant variables affecting stone clearance. Conclusion: The frequency of non-clearance of lower calyx of kidney stone is 26.05%. The clearance of fragments of the lower calyx kidney stones is affected by. three spatial anatomical factors, i.e., Infundibulopelvic angle, Infundibular width and infundibular length.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology ; Kidney Calculi/therapy ; Lithotripsy/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192473-9
ISSN	1025-9589
ISSN	1025-9589
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