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  1. Article ; Online: Neurological manifestations of an emerging zoonosis-Human monkeypox virus: A systematic review.

    Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Parajuli, Surya Bahadur / Rauniyar, Vivek K

    Medicine

    2023  Volume 102, Issue 35, Page(s) e34664

    Abstract: Background: The last few decades have witnessed an appalling rise in several emerging and re-emerging viral and zoonotic outbreaks. Amongst those emerging zoonosis, one of the diseases which is gaining popularity these days and has been declared as ... ...

    Abstract Background: The last few decades have witnessed an appalling rise in several emerging and re-emerging viral and zoonotic outbreaks. Amongst those emerging zoonosis, one of the diseases which is gaining popularity these days and has been declared as public health emergency of international concern by the world health organization, is human monkeypox virus (HMPX). Proper understanding of the clinical spectrum of the disease is of paramount importance for early diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we aimed to study and quantify the neurological manifestations of HMPX virus infection.
    Methods: Any study, released prior to April 13, 2023, that reported neurological manifestations in patients infected by HMPX virus were reviewed systematically on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) statement.
    Results: Our systematic review included data from 22 eligible studies: 10 cohort studies, 3 cross sectional studies, one retrospective study, 5 case series, and 2 case reports. The most commonly reported neurological manifestations of HMPX were headache (48.84%), myalgia (27.50%), fatigue (17.73%), and photophobia (4.43%). Uncommonly, HMPX can also present with visual deficit (0.57%), seizure (0.34%), encephalitis (0.8%), dizziness (0.34%), encephalomyelitis (0.23%), coma (0.11%), and transverse myelitis (0.11%).
    Discussions: Monkeypox virus usually presents with self-limiting painful rash, lymphadenitis, and fever, complications like secondary skin infection, eye problems and pneumonia can be life threatening, carrying a case fatality rate of 1% to 10%. Neurological manifestations are not uncommon and can further add-on to morbidity and mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Coinfection ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; Monkeypox virus ; Public Health ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 80184-7
    ISSN 1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
    ISSN (online) 1536-5964
    ISSN 0025-7974
    DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000034664
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Clinico-epidemiological profile of cerebrovascular accident in eastern Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

    Rauniyar, Vivek K / Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Gautam, Sakshyam / Parajuli, Surya Bahadur

    Medicine

    2023  Volume 102, Issue 41, Page(s) e35569

    Abstract: cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has contributed to a significant increase in the morbidity and mortality rates in lower middle-income counties like Nepal. Despite being a common noncommunicable disease in Nepal, little attention has been paid to it, in ... ...

    Abstract cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has contributed to a significant increase in the morbidity and mortality rates in lower middle-income counties like Nepal. Despite being a common noncommunicable disease in Nepal, little attention has been paid to it, in terms of formulating national health plans and policies by the concerned authorities. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular accidents at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal. We analyzed 128 diagnosed cases of cerebrovascular accidents from February 26, 2023 to June 26, 2023 after taking ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference no. IRC-PA-283/2078-79). Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. The objective of this study was to explore the age and sex distribution of CVA, its association with medical co-morbidities, and known risk factors like Type-2-Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, thyroid disorders, smoking and alcohol. Together with calculating the distribution of ischemic CVA and hemorrhagic CVA we had also staged the disease based on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/etiology ; Comorbidity ; Risk Factors ; Tertiary Care Centers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80184-7
    ISSN 1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
    ISSN (online) 1536-5964
    ISSN 0025-7974
    DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000035569
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Primary Anorectal Melanoma: A Case Report.

    Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Neupane, Adarsha / Gautam, Samit Kumar / Sapkota, Sulav

    JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

    2023  Volume 61, Issue 261, Page(s) 469–471

    Abstract: Primary anorectal melanoma is an extremely rare and aggressive mucosal melanocytic malignancy of the anorectal region. Because of the rarity of the tumor and vague clinical presentations, diagnosis at an early stage is a challenge for clinicians. In our ... ...

    Abstract Primary anorectal melanoma is an extremely rare and aggressive mucosal melanocytic malignancy of the anorectal region. Because of the rarity of the tumor and vague clinical presentations, diagnosis at an early stage is a challenge for clinicians. In our context, where the hemorrhoid is a diagnosis of cultural familiarity for any sort of rectal pathology, these patients often present to us at a very advanced stage of the disease. Here, we present a case of a 55-year-old male patient with stage 2 anorectal melanoma who is on adjuvant chemotherapy following abdominoperineal resection with a permanent colostomy. Five cycles of dacarbazine and carboplatin have been given and the patient is doing well with the treatment. Abdominoperineal resection with excision of the tumor remains the mainstay of treatment; however, poor patient compliance with permanent colostomy is a major limiting factor of abdominoperineal resection. Even with the best interventions and care, the survival rate is not very good.
    Keywords: abdominoperineal resection; adjuvant chemotherapy; case reports; melanoma.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Melanoma/diagnosis ; Melanoma/surgery ; Rectum
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01
    Publishing country Nepal
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2209910-4
    ISSN 1815-672X ; 0028-2715
    ISSN (online) 1815-672X
    ISSN 0028-2715
    DOI 10.31729/jnma.8150
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases Treated with Radiotherapy Followed by Bevacizumab Maintenance: A Case Report.

    Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Gautam, Sakshyam / Sapkota, Sulav

    JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

    2022  Volume 60, Issue 250, Page(s) 569–572

    Abstract: Brain metastases in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer carry a grave prognosis. Without effective interventions, the average survival rate is 6 months. Here, we present a case of a 59-year-old male with non-small cell lung cancer and multiple ... ...

    Abstract Brain metastases in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer carry a grave prognosis. Without effective interventions, the average survival rate is 6 months. Here, we present a case of a 59-year-old male with non-small cell lung cancer and multiple brain metastases treated with radiotherapy followed by bevacizumab maintenance with prolonged survival. There are limited studies establishing the efficiency and toxicity profile of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors for brain metastases. This reported case had a remarkable response with marked clinical and radiological improvement along with a tolerable toxicity profile. Showing the extent of effectiveness and efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the case of lung cancer with brain metastases is the main motto of our study.
    Keywords: bevacizumab; brain metastases; radiotherapy.
    MeSH term(s) Bevacizumab/therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Brain Neoplasms/therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis
    Chemical Substances Bevacizumab (2S9ZZM9Q9V)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country Nepal
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2209910-4
    ISSN 1815-672X ; 0028-2715
    ISSN (online) 1815-672X
    ISSN 0028-2715
    DOI 10.31729/jnma.7400
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Promising Response of Paclitaxel in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Distal Ureter Complicated with Hydroureteronephrosis: A Case Report.

    Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Sah, Santosh / Parajuli, Surya Bahadur / Sapkota, Sulav / Rayamajhi, Asmita

    JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

    2023  Volume 61, Issue 259, Page(s) 277–279

    Abstract: Ureteric carcinoma is the rarest of all urothelial malignancies, and little attention has been given to it. Palliation in these groups of patients is a dilemma in the clinics. Use of chemotherapeutic agents in ureteric carcinoma is a double edged sword, ... ...

    Abstract Ureteric carcinoma is the rarest of all urothelial malignancies, and little attention has been given to it. Palliation in these groups of patients is a dilemma in the clinics. Use of chemotherapeutic agents in ureteric carcinoma is a double edged sword, as these patients had already impaired renal function due to post-renal failure and nephrotoxic nature of most of the chemotherapeutic agents can further deteriorate the renal function, making the management approach, a relatively visionary task. Here, we present a case of a 77-year-old female with metastatic ureteric carcinoma locally complicated with hydroureteronephrosis, coming to us with gross haematuria, lower abdominal pain along with cough. Apart from age factor of the lady, presence of hydroureteronephrosis and pulmonary metastases was another challenge for us. Paclitaxel remains the mainstay of our treatment.
    Keywords: carcinoma; case reports; metastasis; paclitaxel.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/complications ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology ; Ureter/pathology ; Paclitaxel/therapeutic use ; Ureteral Neoplasms/complications ; Ureteral Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Ureteral Neoplasms/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/complications ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Hydronephrosis/etiology ; Renal Insufficiency
    Chemical Substances Paclitaxel (P88XT4IS4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01
    Publishing country Nepal
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2209910-4
    ISSN 1815-672X ; 0028-2715
    ISSN (online) 1815-672X
    ISSN 0028-2715
    DOI 10.31729/jnma.8072
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Molecular biology of carcinoid heart disease: Seeking therapeutic targets in the era of targeted therapy.

    Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Devkota, Dikshya / Chaudhary, Rahul Kumar / Luitel, Anish / Parajuli, Surya Bahadur / Bista, Madhab / Rayamajhi, Asmita

    Medicine

    2023  Volume 102, Issue 47, Page(s) e36043

    Abstract: Carcinoid tumors (CT) are among the least studied tumors. It is a relatively rare and slow-growing tumor with good survival in its primary form. However, metastatic carcinoid tumor comes up with many different complications contributing to increased ... ...

    Abstract Carcinoid tumors (CT) are among the least studied tumors. It is a relatively rare and slow-growing tumor with good survival in its primary form. However, metastatic carcinoid tumor comes up with many different complications contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Metastatic form of the disease has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and multisystem involvement including cardiovascular manifestations, neurological manifestations, and psychiatric manifestations and so on. In this review, we are centered towards the cardiovascular manifestations of the disease, which, by far, is one of the commonest causes of death in these patients. Being a neuroendocrine tumor, cardiovascular manifestations are mainly because of biologically active substances, produced by the tumor cells, remodeling the heart. Development of targeted therapies against carcinoid heart diseases is currently limited by lack of understanding of pathophysiology of the disease processes. In this review, we aim to figure out the spectrum of carcinoid heart diseases, along with the molecular biology of the changes going on, which, in turn, will not only pave a way to the development of targeted therapies but will also extend opportunities for molecular screening of the tumor and diagnosis at an early stage, thereby, reducing the morbidity and mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoid Heart Disease/diagnosis ; Carcinoid Heart Disease/therapy ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis ; Carcinoid Tumor/complications ; Heart ; Molecular Biology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80184-7
    ISSN 1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
    ISSN (online) 1536-5964
    ISSN 0025-7974
    DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000036043
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Insights into the management of Lewy body dementia: a scoping review.

    Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Khan, Sadab / Kausar, Huma / Shah, Rajat / Luitel, Anish / Gautam, Sakshyam / Parajuli, Surya Bahadur / Rauniyar, Vivek K / Khan, Moien A B

    Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

    2024  Volume 86, Issue 2, Page(s) 930–942

    Abstract: Lewy body dementia (LBD) is situated at the convergence of neurodegenerative disorders, posing an intricate and diverse clinical dilemma. The accumulation of abnormal protein in the brain, namely, the Lewy body causes disturbances in typical neural ... ...

    Abstract Lewy body dementia (LBD) is situated at the convergence of neurodegenerative disorders, posing an intricate and diverse clinical dilemma. The accumulation of abnormal protein in the brain, namely, the Lewy body causes disturbances in typical neural functioning, leading to a range of cognitive, motor, and mental symptoms that have a substantial influence on the overall well-being and quality of life of affected individuals. There is no definitive cure for the disease; however, several nonpharmacological and pharmacological modalities have been tried with questionable efficacies. The aim of this study is to figure out the role of different interventional strategies in the disease. Donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine, and galantamine were the commonly used drugs for LBD. Together with that, levodopa, antipsychotics, armodafinil, piracetam, and traditional medications like yokukansan were also used, when indicated. Talking about nonpharmacological measures, exercise, physical therapy, multicomponent therapy, occupational therapy, psychobehavioral modification, transcranial stimulation, and deep brain stimulation have been used with variable efficacies. Talking about recent advances in the treatment of LBD, various disease-modifying therapies like ambroxol, neflamapimod, irsenontrine, nilotinib, bosutinib, vodobatinib, clenbuterol, terazosin, elayta, fosgonimeton, and anle138b are emerging out. However, there drugs are still in the different phases of clinical trials and are not commonly used in clinical practice. With the different pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities we have for treatment of LBD, all of them offer symptomatic relief only. Being a degenerative disease, definite cure of the disease can only be possible with regenerative measures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2745440-X
    ISSN 2049-0801
    ISSN 2049-0801
    DOI 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001664
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Determinants of body weight changes during Ramadan fasting in India amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.

    Khan, Moien A B / Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Annadurai, Kalaivani / Parajuli, Surya Bahadur / Ahmed, Waseem N / Altamimi, Saoud / Ashok, Tejaswini / Shah, Dhaval / Sayyad, Yakub / Dubey, Ashish / Tariq, Abdullah / Riyaz, Romana / Hasan, Fayeza / Amiri, Sohrab / Faris, Moezalislam

    Medicine

    2024  Volume 103, Issue 4, Page(s) e37040

    Abstract: Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) presents unique challenges and opportunities for public health and clinical practice, especially in populations with a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to investigate the impact of RIF on ... ...

    Abstract Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) presents unique challenges and opportunities for public health and clinical practice, especially in populations with a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to investigate the impact of RIF on weight change among Indian Muslims and explore the associated demographic, dietary, and behavioral factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of Indian Muslim adults who observed RIF. Participants were asked to report their demographic information, family and personal health history, and dietary and lifestyle behaviors before and during Ramadan month. The primary outcome was body weight change, with secondary outcomes including changes in dietary patterns, physical activity, and other health-related lifestyle behaviors. The study found that during Ramadan, nearly half of the participants (48.5%) self-reported a retained initial weight, while a significant fraction (30.9%) self-reported a modest weight reduction between 0.5 to 2.5 kg at the end of Ramadan. Additionally, self-reported eating practices demonstrated moderately altered by about half (48.4%) of the study participants, with 32.2% reporting minor changes and 8.2% indicating substantial changes. An urban residence was associated with a higher likelihood of weight gain, where urban residents showed 3 times the odds of increased weight compared to rural inhabitants. Employment status emerged as a significant determinant for weight fluctuation, influencing both weight gain and loss. During Ramadan, there was a significant rise in snacking frequency, increasing from 21.7% to 32.6% in comparison with pre-Ramadan. The consumption of large quantities of food more frequently grew from 14.9% to 36%, and the incidence of eating despite not being hungry went up from 17.4% to 33.2%. The study demonstrates that RIF is associated with variable changes in body weight among adult Indian Muslims, influenced by urbanization, employment status, and dietary changes. The findings suggest that clinicians should provide tailored advice about body weight regulation during Ramadan and consider integrating community-based health initiatives within religious settings to improve health outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Fasting/physiology ; Weight Loss ; Weight Gain ; Islam
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80184-7
    ISSN 1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
    ISSN (online) 1536-5964
    ISSN 0025-7974
    DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000037040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Phenotype versus genotype discordant rifampicin susceptibility testing in tuberculosis: implications for a diagnostic accuracy.

    Qadir, Mehmood / Faryal, Rani / Khan, Muhammad Tahir / Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Zhang, Shulin / Li, Weimin / Wei, Dong Qing / Tahseen, Sabira / McHugh, Timothy D

    Microbiology spectrum

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) e0163123

    Abstract: Importance: An accurate diagnosis of drug resistance in clinical isolates is an important step for better treatment outcomes. The current study observed a higher discordance rate of rifampicin resistance on Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) drug ...

    Abstract Importance: An accurate diagnosis of drug resistance in clinical isolates is an important step for better treatment outcomes. The current study observed a higher discordance rate of rifampicin resistance on Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) drug susceptibility testing (DST) than Lowenstein-Jenson (LJ) DST when compared with the
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Rifampin/pharmacology ; Rifampin/therapeutic use ; Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology ; Genotype ; Phenotype
    Chemical Substances Rifampin (VJT6J7R4TR) ; Antitubercular Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2807133-5
    ISSN 2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    ISSN 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/spectrum.01631-23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Book ; Online: Cross-Corpus Multilingual Speech Emotion Recognition

    Retta, Ephrem Afele / Sutcliffe, Richard / Mahmood, Jabar / Berwo, Michael Abebe / Almekhlafi, Eiad / Khan, Sajjad Ahmed / Chaudhry, Shehzad Ashraf / Mhamed, Mustafa / Feng, Jun

    Amharic vs. Other Languages

    2023  

    Abstract: In a conventional Speech emotion recognition (SER) task, a classifier for a given language is trained on a pre-existing dataset for that same language. However, where training data for a language does not exist, data from other languages can be used ... ...

    Abstract In a conventional Speech emotion recognition (SER) task, a classifier for a given language is trained on a pre-existing dataset for that same language. However, where training data for a language does not exist, data from other languages can be used instead. We experiment with cross-lingual and multilingual SER, working with Amharic, English, German and URDU. For Amharic, we use our own publicly-available Amharic Speech Emotion Dataset (ASED). For English, German and Urdu we use the existing RAVDESS, EMO-DB and URDU datasets. We followed previous research in mapping labels for all datasets to just two classes, positive and negative. Thus we can compare performance on different languages directly, and combine languages for training and testing. In Experiment 1, monolingual SER trials were carried out using three classifiers, AlexNet, VGGE (a proposed variant of VGG), and ResNet50. Results averaged for the three models were very similar for ASED and RAVDESS, suggesting that Amharic and English SER are equally difficult. Similarly, German SER is more difficult, and Urdu SER is easier. In Experiment 2, we trained on one language and tested on another, in both directions for each pair: Amharic<->German, Amharic<->English, and Amharic<->Urdu. Results with Amharic as target suggested that using English or German as source will give the best result. In Experiment 3, we trained on several non-Amharic languages and then tested on Amharic. The best accuracy obtained was several percent greater than the best accuracy in Experiment 2, suggesting that a better result can be obtained when using two or three non-Amharic languages for training than when using just one non-Amharic language. Overall, the results suggest that cross-lingual and multilingual training can be an effective strategy for training a SER classifier when resources for a language are scarce.

    Comment: 16 pages, 9 tables, 5 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing ; Computer Science - Sound ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
    Subject code 430
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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