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  1. Article ; Online: miRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Update.

    Azhar, Asim / Khan, Wajihul Hasan / Al-Hosaini, Khaled / Kamal, Mohammad Amjad

    Current drug metabolism

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 283–298

    Abstract: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the inception of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, the virus has traveled more than 200 countries ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the inception of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, the virus has traveled more than 200 countries globally. The role of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 has been thoroughly investigated and reviewed in the last 22 months or so; however, a comprehensive outline of miRNAs in SARS-CoV- 2 infection is still missing. The genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA molecule nearly 29 kb in size. RNA is composed of numerous sub-constituents RNA is found in the cells in a number of forms. including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs play an essential role in biological processes like apoptosis, cellular metabolism, cell death, cell movement, oncogenesis, intracellular signaling, immunity, and infection. Lately, miRNAs have been involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, though the clear demonstration of miRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully elucidated. The present review article summarizes recent findings of miRNAs associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We presented various facets of miRNAs. miRNAs as the protagonists in viral infection, the occurrence of miRNA in cellular receptors, expression of miRNAs in multiple diseases, miRNA as a biomarker, and miRNA as a therapeutic tool have been discussed in detail. We also presented the vaccine status available in various countries.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; China ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2064815-7
    ISSN 1875-5453 ; 1389-2002
    ISSN (online) 1875-5453
    ISSN 1389-2002
    DOI 10.2174/1389200223666220321102824
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Synergistic Effects of Natural Compounds Toward Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease.

    Mishra, Avinash / Khan, Wajihul Hasan / Rathore, Anurag S

    Journal of chemical information and modeling

    2021  Volume 61, Issue 11, Page(s) 5708–5718

    Abstract: The biggest challenge in medical management and control of the COVID-19 pandemic is the nonavailability of the treatment molecules. While vaccines and other biotherapeutic products for managing COVID-19 have reached the market, a small-molecule cure is ... ...

    Abstract The biggest challenge in medical management and control of the COVID-19 pandemic is the nonavailability of the treatment molecules. While vaccines and other biotherapeutic products for managing COVID-19 have reached the market, a small-molecule cure is yet to be developed. This is relevant because the cost of production, storage, and ease of distribution of a small-molecule drug are significantly more favorable than those of biologics. In this paper, we present a multicompound approach, where two drug molecules are administered concurrently to offer an effective therapy for COVID-19. The co-action of the two compounds, each derived from natural origins, has been demonstrated against the 3CL protease, already recognized as a potential drug target for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. The pair of compounds pursued in this study are flavonoid and naphthalene scaffold. Individually, they offer ∼30 to 35% inhibition at 10 μM. Comprehensive docking and molecular dynamics simulations elucidate that these compounds exhibit excellent binding in the process, which however quickly deteriorates, and the ligand is separated from the binding site. This suggests that while the ligands initially bind with the protease, they are unable to maintain it for an extended period. However, the simulation showed that a simultaneous docked complex of both the compounds together with the protein boosts the stronger binding for a sufficient time. The enzyme assay exhibited 97 and 85% inhibition activity when both compounds were used together at 100 and 50 μM, respectively. Later, a multiconcentration assay was used to determine the coinhibitory activity, and it was observed that the compounds have ∼20 to 30% inhibition activity even at lower concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM. Surface plasmon resonance was used to measure the binding of the compounds, and when used together, the compounds had a 10-fold greater binding affinity. Thus, the results demonstrate a synergistic mechanism between the two compounds that enhances the inhibition activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Pandemics ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Protease Inhibitors ; Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; 3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases (EC 3.4.22.28)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 190019-5
    ISSN 1549-960X ; 0095-2338
    ISSN (online) 1549-960X
    ISSN 0095-2338
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00994
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Comparison of Laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh (IPOM) Hernioplasty With Laparoscopic IPOM-Plus: Our Initial Experience in Pakistan.

    Yasin, Fahad / Abaid, Ali / Shafiq, Ahsan / Umar, Muhammad / Khan, Wasim Hayat / Ayyaz, Mahmood / Butt, Usman Ismat

    Cureus

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e54007

    Abstract: Objectives Laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh hernioplasty (IPOM) for ventral hernias has been used for a long time. However, there have been some issues associated with it, thereby leading to the introduction of a new technique that involves ... ...

    Abstract Objectives Laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh hernioplasty (IPOM) for ventral hernias has been used for a long time. However, there have been some issues associated with it, thereby leading to the introduction of a new technique that involves laparoscopic closure of the fascial defect with suture followed by intraperitoneal onlay mesh placement (IPOM-Plus). We carried out this study to compare the outcome of laparoscopic IPOM with fascial defect closure versus without defect closure in midline ventral hernia repair in terms of recurrence. Methodology This comparative study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Lahore, from October 16, 2020, to April 15, 2022. A total of 84 patients of both genders, aged between 18 and 70 years, presenting with midline ventral hernia were included in the study. Patients with recurrent hernia, unstable cardiopulmonary conditions, neurological or psychiatric diseases, chronic renal disease, congestive cardiac failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were excluded from the study. Patients were assigned to two groups. Group 1 underwent IPOM with the closure of the defect, and Group 2 underwent IPOM without the closure of the defect. Patients were observed for immediate postoperative complications. Patients were monitored for one year to assess recurrence through clinical evaluation and ultrasonography. Results In this study, seroma formation was found in 3 (7.14%) patients for laparoscopic IPOM with fascial defect closure and 10 (23.81%) in those undergoing laparoscopic IPOM without defect closure (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.54007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Early migration of biliary stent leading to free intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation - A case report.

    Butt, Roshan / Butt, Usman Ismat / Khan, Wasim Hayat / Yasin, Fahad / Klasra, Abid / Wadood, Abdul

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2023  Volume 72, Issue 12, Page(s) 2555–2558

    Abstract: Intestinal perforation from a plastic biliary stent is a known but rare complication of endoscopic biliary stent placement. Intra-peritoneal perforation is less common but carries more morbidity and mortality. Only a few cases of early stent migration ... ...

    Abstract Intestinal perforation from a plastic biliary stent is a known but rare complication of endoscopic biliary stent placement. Intra-peritoneal perforation is less common but carries more morbidity and mortality. Only a few cases of early stent migration and perforation have been reported. We present the case of a duodenal perforation caused by early migration of plastic biliary stent that resulted in intra-peritoneal biliary peritonitis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Stents/adverse effects ; Intestinal Perforation/etiology ; Intestinal Perforation/surgery ; Plastics ; Foreign-Body Migration/diagnostic imaging ; Foreign-Body Migration/surgery
    Chemical Substances Plastics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.47391/JPMA.5016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a type Va Mirizzi syndrome patient.

    Yasin, Fahad / Khan, Wasim Hayat / Butt, Usman Ismat / Umar, Muhammad / Butt, Roshan / Klasra, Abid

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2023  Volume 72, Issue 11, Page(s) 2302–2304

    Abstract: Mirizzi syndrome is a rare syndrome, caused by the compression of gall stones which may result in CBD obstruction or fistula formation. It may sometimes present without any prior symptoms. It has been classified into five types by Csendes. Usually open ... ...

    Abstract Mirizzi syndrome is a rare syndrome, caused by the compression of gall stones which may result in CBD obstruction or fistula formation. It may sometimes present without any prior symptoms. It has been classified into five types by Csendes. Usually open surgical approach is recommended for the condition, especially for Types III-V. We present the case of a patient who presented with right hypochondrial pain and was intra-operatively discovered to have type Va Mirrizi syndrome and was managed successfully laparoscopically.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects ; Mirizzi Syndrome/complications ; Mirizzi Syndrome/diagnosis ; Mirizzi Syndrome/surgery ; Fistula/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-12
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.47391/JPMA.3775
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Efficacy of Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Gel for the Reduction of Post-operative Obstructive Symptoms Due to Adhesions.

    Khan, Wasim H / Abaid, Ali / Butt, Usman I / Warraich, Muhammad U / Ayyaz, Mahmood / Shafiq, Ahsan

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e22469

    Abstract: Background Adhesions occur frequently after surgery. A number of methods are being employed for reducing post-operative adhesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid gel in the reduction of post-operative bowel ... ...

    Abstract Background Adhesions occur frequently after surgery. A number of methods are being employed for reducing post-operative adhesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid gel in the reduction of post-operative bowel obstruction symptoms in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy due to small bowel perforation and presenting with peritonitis. Methods In this experimental study, 78 patients were evaluated. All had presented to the emergency department with peritonitis secondary to small bowel perforation. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and after thorough lavage, a loop stoma was formed on the right side of the abdomen with an injection of hyaluronic acid gel injected into the abdominal cavity before the closure of the abdomen. Postoperative obstructive symptoms at one, three, and six months were evaluated. All patients underwent stoma reversal at three months. Results Obstructive bowel symptoms were seen in 18 patients (23.07%) patients. The cumulative incidence of obstructive symptoms at three months was only 8.97% but after the second intervention without protective gel, it increased to 23.07% at six months. Conclusions Cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel was effective in the reduction of post-operative bowel obstructive symptoms due to adhesions in patients who had presented with peritonitis due to small bowel perforation and had undergone exploratory laparotomy with stoma formation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.22469
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Outcome of Laparoscopic Repair for Perforated Peptic Ulcers in a Resource-Limited Setting.

    Ayyaz, Mahmood / Shafiq, Ahsan / Butt, Usman Ismat / Khan, Wasim H / Umar, Muhammad / Abaid, Ali

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e24159

    Abstract: Background Perforation of peptic ulcers is a common cause of emergency surgery and has significant morbidity and mortality. The use and range of laparoscopic surgery have greatly increased over the past three decades. Laparoscopic approach is an option ... ...

    Abstract Background Perforation of peptic ulcers is a common cause of emergency surgery and has significant morbidity and mortality. The use and range of laparoscopic surgery have greatly increased over the past three decades. Laparoscopic approach is an option for perforated peptic ulcers because of the simple nature of the intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic approach for peptic ulcer repair in emergency setting by means of operative time, post-operative pain, mean hospital stay, and post-operative complications. Methods In this study, we enrolled patients presenting with perforated peptic ulcers in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Approval from the hospital ethical committee and informed consent were taken from all patients. After resuscitation, the patient underwent laparoscopic repair of perforation. Post-operative course of patients was monitored. Duration of surgery, post-operative pain, length of hospital stay, and post-operative complications were noted for all patients. Results Between December 2018 and December 2021, 31 patients with perforated peptic ulcers underwent laparoscopic repair at our hospital. Mean age of patients was 37.25 ± 7.80 years. Most of the patients were male (70.76%). The mean operation time was 109.35 ± 17.02 minutes for laparoscopic repair. Mean duration of hospital stay was 5.10 ± 0.87 days. Mean post-operative pain was 3.55 ± 0.85 assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale. There were no mortalities during the 30-day post-operative window. Conclusion With proper patient selection, laparoscopic surgery offers better results as compared to open surgery in patients undergoing emergency surgery for perforated peptic ulcers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.24159
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Mucormycosis and COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical and diagnostic approach.

    Azhar, Asim / Khan, Wajihul Hasan / Khan, Parvez Anwar / Alhosaini, Khaled / Owais, Mohammad / Ahmad, Aijaz

    Journal of infection and public health

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 466–479

    Abstract: The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is yet to be controlled worldwide, especially in India. The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to panic and confusion in India, owing to the ... ...

    Abstract The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is yet to be controlled worldwide, especially in India. The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to panic and confusion in India, owing to the overwhelming number of the population that fell prey to this highly infectious virus of recent times. In the second wave of COVID-19, the patients had to fight both the virus and opportunistic infections triggered by fungi and bacteria. Repeated use of steroids, antibiotics, and oxygen masks during the management of severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients nurtured opportunistic infections such as mucormycosis. Despite mucormycosis being a decades-old disease, it has gained notice of its widespread occurrence in COVID-19 patients throughout India. Instances of mucormycosis are usually unearthed in immunocompromised individuals and are caused by the inhalation of filamentous fungi, either from the natural environment or through supportive care units. In the recent outbreak during the second wave of COVID-19 in India, it has been seen to cause secondary infection as it grows along with the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients with comorbidities such as diabetes were more likely to have the mucormycosis co-infection because of their challenged immune systems' inability to fight it. Despite the hype, mucormycosis still remains neglected and least studied, which is predominantly due to all focus on diagnostics, vaccine, and therapeutic research. In this review, we emphasize mainly on the association of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. We also present the molecular mechanism of mucormycosis for a better understanding of the fungal infections in patients who have recently been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Better understanding of fungal pathogens, immediate diagnosis, and management of the infections are crucial in COVID-19 patients, as high mortalities have been recorded in co-infected patients despite recovery from COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mucormycosis/diagnosis ; Mucormycosis/drug therapy ; Mucormycosis/epidemiology ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2467587-8
    ISSN 1876-035X ; 1876-0341
    ISSN (online) 1876-035X
    ISSN 1876-0341
    DOI 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.02.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Type II Diabetes.

    Azhar, Asim / Khan, Wajihul Hasan / Al-Hosaini, Khaled / Zia, Qamar / Kamal, Mohammad Amjad

    Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening

    2022  Volume 25, Issue 14, Page(s) 2429–2442

    Abstract: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, triggered by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late November 2019, spreading to more than 200 countries of the world, the ensuing pandemic to an enormous loss of ... ...

    Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, triggered by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late November 2019, spreading to more than 200 countries of the world, the ensuing pandemic to an enormous loss of lives, mainly the older population with comorbidities, like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and hypertension. Amongst these immune-debilitating diseases, SARS-CoV-2 infection is the most common in patients with diabetes due to the absence of a normal active immune system to fight the COVID-19. Recovery of patients having a history of diabetes from COVID-19 encounters several complications, and their management becomes cumbersome. For control of coronavirus, antiviral medications, glucose-lowering agents, and steroids have been carefully evaluated. In the present review, we discuss the crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and patients with a history of diabetes. We mainly emphasize the molecular factors that are involved in diabetic individuals recently infected by SARS-CoV-2 and developed COVID-19 disease. Lastly, we examine the medications available for the long-term management of diabetic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Pandemics ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-16
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2064785-2
    ISSN 1875-5402 ; 1386-2073
    ISSN (online) 1875-5402
    ISSN 1386-2073
    DOI 10.2174/1386207325666220315114332
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: In-silico approaches for identification of compounds inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease.

    Zeyaullah, Md / Khan, Nida / Muzammil, Khursheed / AlShahrani, Abdullah M / Khan, Mohammad Suhail / Alam, Md Shane / Ahmad, Razi / Khan, Wajihul Hasan

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0284301

    Abstract: The world has witnessed of many pandemic waves of SARS-CoV-2. However, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection has now declined but the novel variant and responsible cases has been observed globally. Most of the world population has received the ... ...

    Abstract The world has witnessed of many pandemic waves of SARS-CoV-2. However, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection has now declined but the novel variant and responsible cases has been observed globally. Most of the world population has received the vaccinations, but the immune response against COVID-19 is not long-lasting, which may cause new outbreaks. A highly efficient pharmaceutical molecule is desperately needed in these circumstances. In the present study, a potent natural compound that could inhibit the 3CL protease protein of SARS-CoV-2 was found with computationally intensive search. This research approach is based on physics-based principles and a machine-learning approach. Deep learning design was applied to the library of natural compounds to rank the potential candidates. This procedure screened 32,484 compounds, and the top five hits based on estimated pIC50 were selected for molecular docking and modeling. This work identified two hit compounds, CMP4 and CMP2, which exhibited strong interaction with the 3CL protease using molecular docking and simulation. These two compounds demonstrated potential interaction with the catalytic residues His41 and Cys154 of the 3CL protease. Their calculated binding free energies to MMGBSA were compared to those of the native 3CL protease inhibitor. Using steered molecular dynamics, the dissociation strength of these complexes was sequentially determined. In conclusion, CMP4 demonstrated strong comparative performance with native inhibitors and was identified as a promising hit candidate. This compound can be applied in-vitro experiment for the validation of its inhibitory activity. Additionally, these methods can be used to identify new binding sites on the enzyme and to design new compounds that target these sites.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Peptide Hydrolases ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; COVID-19 ; Endopeptidases ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
    Chemical Substances Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; Antiviral Agents ; Protease Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0284301
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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