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  1. Article ; Conference proceedings: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training using a silicone simulator fabricated using a 3D printing technique

    Kwon, C. I. / Shin, S. P. / Lee, K. J. / Sung, M. J. / Kim, J. C. / Kim, G. B. / Kim, M. Y. / Han, S. Y. / Jang, S. I. / Takenaka, M.

    Endoscopy

    2024  Volume 56, Issue S 02

    Event/congress ESGE Days 2024, Berlin, Germany, 2024-04-25
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-01
    Publisher Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article ; Conference proceedings
    ZDB-ID 80120-3
    ISSN 1438-8812 ; 0013-726X
    ISSN (online) 1438-8812
    ISSN 0013-726X
    DOI 10.1055/s-0044-1782967
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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  2. Article: Spatial heterogeneity and stability of bacterial community in the gastrointestinal tracts of broiler chickens.

    Choi, J H / Kim, G B / Cha, C J

    Poultry science

    2014  Volume 93, Issue 8, Page(s) 1942–1950

    Abstract: Bacterial communities in the different regions of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens were analyzed by pyrosequencing approach to understand microbial composition and diversity. The DNA samples extracted from 7 different regions along the ... ...

    Abstract Bacterial communities in the different regions of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens were analyzed by pyrosequencing approach to understand microbial composition and diversity. The DNA samples extracted from 7 different regions along the GIT were subjected to bacterial-community analysis by pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of 16S rRNA gene. Major bacterial phyla in the chicken-gut microbiota included Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, but Firmicutes were mostly dominant (67.3 ± 16.1% of the total sequence reads identified). Among Firmicutes, Lactobacillales, including the genera Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, were the most dominant (51.8 ± 34.5% of the total sequence reads identified) from the crop to ileum. In contrast, in the cecum and large intestine, those genera were rarely detected, and Clostridiales were dominant (55.9 ± 31.4%). Fast UniFrac analysis showed that microbial communities from the crop to jejunum of the same individual chicken were grouped together, and those from ileum, cecum, and large intestine were clustered in a more GIT-specific manner. The numbers of shared operational taxonomic units between the neighboring segments of GIT were low, ranging from 2.9 to 20.3%. However, the abundance of shared operational taxonomic units in each segment was relatively high, ranging from 61.7 to 85.0%, suggesting that substantial proportions of microbial communities were shared between each segment and its neighboring segments, comprising a core microbiota. Our results suggested that the microbial communities of 7 main segments in the chicken GIT were distinctive according to both individuals and the different segments of GIT, but their stability was maintained along the GIT.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Chickens/microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary
    Chemical Substances DNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 242586-5
    ISSN 1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
    ISSN (online) 1525-3171
    ISSN 0032-5791
    DOI 10.3382/ps.2014-03974
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Influence of dietary avilamycin on ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens

    Choi, J-H / Cha, C-J / Kil, D Y / Kim, D-W / Kim, G-B / Lee, K

    Poultry science. 2018 Mar. 01, v. 97, no. 3

    2018  

    Abstract: The mechanisms by which antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) enhance growth rates, feed efficiencies, and disease resistance in poultry need to be understood for designing safer and alternative strategies to replace AGP. Avilamycin has been widely used as ... ...

    Abstract The mechanisms by which antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) enhance growth rates, feed efficiencies, and disease resistance in poultry need to be understood for designing safer and alternative strategies to replace AGP. Avilamycin has been widely used as an AGP in poultry, but its impact on the structure and function of the gut microbiome of broiler chickens has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the bacterial communities of the ileum and cecum in broiler chickens fed with an avilamycin-supplemented diet, by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Alpha diversity metrics indicated that the ileal bacterial diversity was higher in avilamycin-fed chickens than in the control group, whereas the opposite was true for the cecum. Multivariate analyses revealed that the ileal microbiota of the avilamycin-fed group were clearly distinguished from those of the control group, whereas the cecal bacterial communities were apparently not influenced by feeding diets containing avilamycin. In the ilea, 2 operational taxonomic units (OTU) that matched Lactobacillus reuteri and Clostridium were enriched (P = 0.016 and P = 0.007, respectively) in the avilamycin-fed group, and an OTU belonging to Lactobacillus crispatus was decreased (P = 0.016). In the cecal microbiota showing much higher diversity with 1,286 non-singleton OTU, 12 OTU were decreased, and 3 were increased in response to avilamycin treatment (P = 0.005–0.047). Functional profiling of bacterial communities based on PICRUSt analysis revealed that 10 functional categories were enriched by avilamycin treatments, and 4 functional categories were decreased. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the influence of avilamycin supplementation on the diversity, taxonomic composition, and functional profiles of the microbiota was evidently different in the ileum and cecum. These results further our understanding of the impact of AGP on the composition and activity of commensal bacteria in the chicken gastrointestinal tract to develop novel feeding strategies for improving animal health and performance.
    Keywords animal health ; antibiotics ; bacteria ; bacterial communities ; broiler chickens ; broiler feeding ; cecum ; Clostridium ; diet ; disease resistance ; feeding methods ; genes ; growth promotion ; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing ; ileum ; intestinal microorganisms ; Lactobacillus crispatus ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; multivariate analysis ; ribosomal RNA ; species diversity ; taxonomy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0301
    Size p. 970-979.
    Publishing place Oxford University Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 242586-5
    ISSN 1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
    ISSN (online) 1525-3171
    ISSN 0032-5791
    DOI 10.3382/ps/pex360
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Effects of acute lipopolysaccharide-induced toxemia model on some neglected blood parameters.

    Adam, G O / Lee, H R / Lee, S J / Kim, S J / Kim, G B / Kang, H S

    Polish journal of veterinary sciences

    2019  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 665–671

    Abstract: The presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in blood induces an inflammatory response which leads to multiple organ dysfunction and numerous metabolic disorders. Uncontrolled, improper or late intervention may lead to tissue hypoxia, anaerobic glycolysis ... ...

    Abstract The presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in blood induces an inflammatory response which leads to multiple organ dysfunction and numerous metabolic disorders. Uncontrolled, improper or late intervention may lead to tissue hypoxia, anaerobic glycolysis and a disturbance in the acid -base balance. The effects of LPS-induced toxemia on biological and immunological markers were well studied. However, parameters such as base excess, ions, and acid-base balance were not fully investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine these blood parameters collectively in LPS-induced inflammatory toxemia in rat's model. After induction of toxemia by injecting LPS at a rate of 5 mg/kg body weight intravenously, blood was collected from the tail vein of twenty rats and immediately analyzed. After 24 hours, the animals were sacrificed and the blood was collected from the caudal vena cava. The results revealed that the levels of pH, bicar- bonate, partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, Alveolar oxygen, hemoglobin, hematocrit, magnesium (Mg2+), and calcium (Ca2+) were significantly decreased. On the other side, the levels of Base excess blood, Base excess extracellular fluid, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, lactate, Ca2+/Mg2+, potassium, and chloride were significantly increased compared to those found pre toxemia induction. However, sodium level showed no significant change. In conclusion, Acute LPS-toxemia model disturbs acid-base balance, blood gases, and ions. These parameters can be used to monitor human and animal toxemic inflammatory response induced by bacterial LPS conditions to assist in the management of the diagnosed cases.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins/drug effects ; Lactic Acid/blood ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toxemia/blood ; Toxemia/chemically induced
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-25
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1439556-3
    ISSN 1505-1773
    ISSN 1505-1773
    DOI 10.24425/124304
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Genetic analysis of a bile salt hydrolase in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis KL612.

    Kim, G-B / Lee, B H

    Journal of applied microbiology

    2008  Volume 105, Issue 3, Page(s) 778–790

    Abstract: Aims: To clone, sequence and characterize a new bile salt hydrolase from a bile tolerant strain of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis KL612, and further analysis of the bsh promoter and an operon-like structure containing the bsh gene in the genus ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To clone, sequence and characterize a new bile salt hydrolase from a bile tolerant strain of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis KL612, and further analysis of the bsh promoter and an operon-like structure containing the bsh gene in the genus Bifidobacterium.
    Methods and results: A new type of bile salt hydrolase from a bile tolerant strain of Bifidobacterium was cloned, completely sequenced and characterized. The putative bsh promoter sequence was analysed by primer extension to determine the transcriptional start point by applying the genomic walking-PCR, an operon-like structure containing the bsh gene and two more open reading frames located within a complete set ranging from a promoter to a transcription terminator sequence is reported for the first time in the genus Bifidobacterium. The polycistronic bsh transcript was revealed by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) as well as by Northern hybridization.
    Conclusions: Most of bile tolerant strains of bifidobacteria showed a similar genetic organization around the bsh gene. This finding suggests that bile tolerance of those strains is possibly because of the bile salt hydrolase and some transporter proteins, which are functionally related to each other to respond efficiently to the stress from bile salts.
    Significance and impact of the study: Knowledge gained through BSH research would provide further insight into the survival of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract and some physiological functions of this enzyme in relation to the host as well as the enzyme-producing bacteria.
    MeSH term(s) Amidohydrolases/genetics ; Amidohydrolases/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Bifidobacterium/enzymology ; Bifidobacterium/genetics ; Bifidobacterium/growth & development ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Blotting, Northern ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Operon ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Chemical Substances Bile Acids and Salts ; Amidohydrolases (EC 3.5.-) ; choloylglycine hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.24)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1358023-1
    ISSN 1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
    ISSN (online) 1365-2672
    ISSN 1364-5072
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03825.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: [Between science and ideology: the rise and fall of Bong-han theory in 1960's North Korea].

    Kim, G B

    Han'guk Kwahaksa Hakhoeji

    1999  Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 194–220

    MeSH term(s) Communism/history ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea/ethnology ; History of Medicine ; History, 20th Century ; Methods ; Politics ; Research Personnel/education ; Research Personnel/history ; Science/education ; Science/history
    Language Korean
    Publishing date 1999
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1229-7895
    ISSN 1229-7895
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Direct Measurement of the ^{7}Be L/K Capture Ratio in Ta-Based Superconducting Tunnel Junctions.

    Fretwell, S / Leach, K G / Bray, C / Kim, G B / Dilling, J / Lennarz, A / Mougeot, X / Ponce, F / Ruiz, C / Stackhouse, J / Friedrich, S

    Physical review letters

    2020  Volume 125, Issue 3, Page(s) 32701

    Abstract: We report a high-statistics measurement of the L/K orbital electron capture ratio in ^{7}Be embedded in cryogenic Ta. The thin Ta film formed part of a high-resolution superconducting tunnel junction radiation detector that was used to identify the ... ...

    Abstract We report a high-statistics measurement of the L/K orbital electron capture ratio in ^{7}Be embedded in cryogenic Ta. The thin Ta film formed part of a high-resolution superconducting tunnel junction radiation detector that was used to identify the signals from different decay channels. The measured L/K capture ratio of 0.070(7) is significantly larger than the only previous measurement of this quantity and the theoretical predictions that include in-medium effects. This value is a uniquely sensitive probe of the 1s and 2s orbital overlaps with the nucleus and is of relevance to nuclear and atomic physics, as well as Li production in novae and other astrophysical scenarios. This is the first experiment that uses superconducting tunnel junctions for nuclear-recoil detection, opening a new experimental avenue for low-energy precision measurements with rare isotopes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.032701
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Limits on the Existence of sub-MeV Sterile Neutrinos from the Decay of ^{7}Be in Superconducting Quantum Sensors.

    Friedrich, S / Kim, G B / Bray, C / Cantor, R / Dilling, J / Fretwell, S / Hall, J A / Lennarz, A / Lordi, V / Machule, P / McKeen, D / Mougeot, X / Ponce, F / Ruiz, C / Samanta, A / Warburton, W K / Leach, K G

    Physical review letters

    2021  Volume 126, Issue 2, Page(s) 21803

    Abstract: Sterile neutrinos are natural extensions to the standard model of particle physics and provide a possible portal to the dark sector. We report a new search for the existence of sub-MeV sterile neutrinos using the decay-momentum reconstruction technique ... ...

    Abstract Sterile neutrinos are natural extensions to the standard model of particle physics and provide a possible portal to the dark sector. We report a new search for the existence of sub-MeV sterile neutrinos using the decay-momentum reconstruction technique in the decay of ^{7}Be. The experiment measures the total energy of the ^{7}Li daughter atom from the electron capture decay of ^{7}Be implanted into sensitive superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) quantum sensors. This first experiment presents data from a single STJ operated at a low count rate for a net total of 28 days, and provides exclusion limits on sterile neutrinos in the mass range from 100 to 850 keV that improve upon previous work by up to an order of magnitude.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.021803
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Molecular cloning, characterization and comparison of bile salt hydrolases from Lactobacillus johnsonii PF01.

    Chae, J P / Valeriano, V D / Kim, G-B / Kang, D-K

    Journal of applied microbiology

    2013  Volume 114, Issue 1, Page(s) 121–133

    Abstract: Aims: To clone, characterize and compare the bile salt hydrolase (BSH) genes of Lactobacillus johnsonii PF01.: Methods and results: The BSH genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific oligonucleotide primers, and the ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To clone, characterize and compare the bile salt hydrolase (BSH) genes of Lactobacillus johnsonii PF01.
    Methods and results: The BSH genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific oligonucleotide primers, and the products were inserted into the pET21b expression vector. Escherichia coli BLR (DE3) cells were transformed with pET21b vectors containing the BSH genes and induced using 0·1 mmol l(-1) isopropylthiolgalactopyranoside. The overexpressed BSH enzymes were purified using a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni(2+) -NTA) agarose column and their activities characterized. BSH A hydrolysed tauro-conjugated bile salts optimally at pH 5·0 and 55°C, whereas BSH C hydrolysed glyco-conjugated bile salts optimally at pH 5·0 and 70°C. The enzymes had no preferential activities towards a specific cholyl moiety.
    Conclusions: BSH enzymes vary in their substrate specificities and characteristics to broaden its activity. Despite the lack of conservation in their putative substrate-binding sites, these remain functional through motif conservation.
    Significance and impact of the study: This is to our knowledge the first report of isolation of BSH enzymes from a single strain, showing hydrolase activity towards either glyco-conjugated or tauro-conjugated bile salts. Future structural homology studies and site-directed mutagenesis of sites associated with substrate specificity may elucidate specificities of BSH enzymes.
    MeSH term(s) Amidohydrolases/genetics ; Amidohydrolases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactobacillus/enzymology ; Lactobacillus/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Substrate Specificity ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances Bile Acids and Salts ; Amidohydrolases (EC 3.5.-) ; choloylglycine hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.24)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1358023-1
    ISSN 1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
    ISSN (online) 1365-2672
    ISSN 1364-5072
    DOI 10.1111/jam.12027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Influence of dietary avilamycin on ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens.

    Choi, J-H / Lee, K / Kim, D-W / Kil, D Y / Kim, G-B / Cha, C-J

    Poultry science

    2017  Volume 97, Issue 3, Page(s) 970–979

    Abstract: The mechanisms by which antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) enhance growth rates, feed efficiencies, and disease resistance in poultry need to be understood for designing safer and alternative strategies to replace AGP. Avilamycin has been widely used as ... ...

    Abstract The mechanisms by which antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) enhance growth rates, feed efficiencies, and disease resistance in poultry need to be understood for designing safer and alternative strategies to replace AGP. Avilamycin has been widely used as an AGP in poultry, but its impact on the structure and function of the gut microbiome of broiler chickens has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the bacterial communities of the ileum and cecum in broiler chickens fed with an avilamycin-supplemented diet, by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Alpha diversity metrics indicated that the ileal bacterial diversity was higher in avilamycin-fed chickens than in the control group, whereas the opposite was true for the cecum. Multivariate analyses revealed that the ileal microbiota of the avilamycin-fed group were clearly distinguished from those of the control group, whereas the cecal bacterial communities were apparently not influenced by feeding diets containing avilamycin. In the ilea, 2 operational taxonomic units (OTU) that matched Lactobacillus reuteri and Clostridium were enriched (P = 0.016 and P = 0.007, respectively) in the avilamycin-fed group, and an OTU belonging to Lactobacillus crispatus was decreased (P = 0.016). In the cecal microbiota showing much higher diversity with 1,286 non-singleton OTU, 12 OTU were decreased, and 3 were increased in response to avilamycin treatment (P = 0.005-0.047). Functional profiling of bacterial communities based on PICRUSt analysis revealed that 10 functional categories were enriched by avilamycin treatments, and 4 functional categories were decreased. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the influence of avilamycin supplementation on the diversity, taxonomic composition, and functional profiles of the microbiota was evidently different in the ileum and cecum. These results further our understanding of the impact of AGP on the composition and activity of commensal bacteria in the chicken gastrointestinal tract to develop novel feeding strategies for improving animal health and performance.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Cecum/microbiology ; Chickens/microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/veterinary ; Ileum/microbiology ; Oligosaccharides/pharmacology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Random Allocation
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; DNA, Bacterial ; Growth Substances ; Oligosaccharides ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; avilamycin (720WDX56D3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 242586-5
    ISSN 1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
    ISSN (online) 1525-3171
    ISSN 0032-5791
    DOI 10.3382/ps/pex360
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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