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  1. AU="Kim, Hoyong"
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  1. Article: Changes in Urban Growth Patterns in Busan Metropolitan City, Korea: Population and Urbanized Areas

    Kim, Hoyong / Kim, Donghyun

    Land. 2022 Aug. 16, v. 11, no. 8

    2022  

    Abstract: Cities have exhibited spatial patterns of expansion or compacting in the process of economic and population growth. South Korea is a well-known example of a country that has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization. This study’s target area, ... ...

    Abstract Cities have exhibited spatial patterns of expansion or compacting in the process of economic and population growth. South Korea is a well-known example of a country that has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization. This study’s target area, Busan Metropolitan City (BMC), experienced urban growth but, over the past 20 years, underwent economic and population stagnation. How will urban growth patterns change if economic and population growth stagnates? This study aimed to identify changes in urban growth patterns using population and urbanized areas in BMC, South Korea, from 1980 to 2020. It uses Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, Bachi’s Index and the Standard Deviational Ellipse, and Social Network Analysis to identify population concentration, changes in centrality, inland expansion of urbanized land, and centrality of migration. The results showed that (1) BMC’s urban growth pattern extended outward, despite population and economic stagnation since 2000; (2) population and economic stagnation over the next 20 years expanded population polarization in the city’s urban center and outskirts; (3) the built-up area expanded in all directions for 40 years—the centrality of the urbanized area was seen in and around the urban center in 1980 but moved northeast in 2020; and (4) since 2000, when population stagnation first emerged, the centrality of the population in migration has been more evident in the outskirts. These results suggest that if there is no sustainable urban planning and development strategy when growth is stagnant, expansionary urban growth will continue, and cities will reach the growth limit.
    Keywords land ; population growth ; social networks ; spatial data ; urban areas ; urbanization ; South Korea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0816
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2682955-1
    ISSN 2073-445X
    ISSN 2073-445X
    DOI 10.3390/land11081319
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Fuzzy Portfolio Selection Using Stochastic Correlation.

    Jo, Gumsong / Kim, Hyokil / Kim, Hoyong / Ri, Gyongho

    Computational economics

    2023  , Page(s) 1–17

    Abstract: Here we have proposed fuzzy portfolio selection model using stochastic correlation (FPSMSC) to overcome limitations both in fuzzy and stochastic world. The newly proposed model not only gets harmonious efficient frontier, but also considers the future ... ...

    Abstract Here we have proposed fuzzy portfolio selection model using stochastic correlation (FPSMSC) to overcome limitations both in fuzzy and stochastic world. The newly proposed model not only gets harmonious efficient frontier, but also considers the future movement of stock prices based on fuzzy expertise knowledge. The investment weights of the model have been optimized based on the monthly return data of 18 stocks listed in S&P500 from October 2011 to September 2015. The proposed model has provided higher returns in the whole regime of risk for the period from October 2014 to September 2015, whose monthly return data are used as training data than other available portfolio selection models, i.e., fuzzy portfolio selection models with credibility and possibility and statistic model. Also, the present model has shown the better smoothness of the variations of returns with respect to risk aversion parameter, λ, from the monthly data from October 2015 to September 2016, which is not included to training database. Especially, our model is superior to other models in the regime of 0-0.3 for the risk aversion level. It is demonstrating that the FPSMSC is efficient for the investors who tend to seek the high return in portfolio management.
    Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10614-023-10371-w.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1477445-8
    ISSN 1572-9974 ; 0927-7099
    ISSN (online) 1572-9974
    ISSN 0927-7099
    DOI 10.1007/s10614-023-10371-w
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  3. Book ; Online: Asymptotic Midpoint Mixup for Margin Balancing and Moderate Broadening

    Kim, Hoyong / Lee, Semi / Kim, Kangil

    2024  

    Abstract: In the feature space, the collapse between features invokes critical problems in representation learning by remaining the features undistinguished. Interpolation-based augmentation methods such as mixup have shown their effectiveness in relieving the ... ...

    Abstract In the feature space, the collapse between features invokes critical problems in representation learning by remaining the features undistinguished. Interpolation-based augmentation methods such as mixup have shown their effectiveness in relieving the collapse problem between different classes, called inter-class collapse. However, intra-class collapse raised in coarse-to-fine transfer learning has not been discussed in the augmentation approach. To address them, we propose a better feature augmentation method, asymptotic midpoint mixup. The method generates augmented features by interpolation but gradually moves them toward the midpoint of inter-class feature pairs. As a result, the method induces two effects: 1) balancing the margin for all classes and 2) only moderately broadening the margin until it holds maximal confidence. We empirically analyze the collapse effects by measuring alignment and uniformity with visualizing representations. Then, we validate the intra-class collapse effects in coarse-to-fine transfer learning and the inter-class collapse effects in imbalanced learning on long-tailed datasets. In both tasks, our method shows better performance than other augmentation methods.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Online: Revisiting Softmax Masking for Stability in Continual Learning

    Kim, Hoyong / Kwon, Minchan / Kim, Kangil

    2023  

    Abstract: In continual learning, many classifiers use softmax function to learn confidence. However, numerous studies have pointed out its inability to accurately determine confidence distributions for outliers, often referred to as epistemic uncertainty. This ... ...

    Abstract In continual learning, many classifiers use softmax function to learn confidence. However, numerous studies have pointed out its inability to accurately determine confidence distributions for outliers, often referred to as epistemic uncertainty. This inherent limitation also curtails the accurate decisions for selecting what to forget and keep in previously trained confidence distributions over continual learning process. To address the issue, we revisit the effects of masking softmax function. While this method is both simple and prevalent in literature, its implication for retaining confidence distribution during continual learning, also known as stability, has been under-investigated. In this paper, we revisit the impact of softmax masking, and introduce a methodology to utilize its confidence preservation effects. In class- and task-incremental learning benchmarks with and without memory replay, our approach significantly increases stability while maintaining sufficiently large plasticity. In the end, our methodology shows better overall performance than state-of-the-art methods, particularly in the use with zero or small memory. This lays a simple and effective foundation of strongly stable replay-based continual learning.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-09-26
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Ethanol organosolv lignin as a substitute for commercial antioxidants, focusing on the structural properties and synergistic effect with myricetin

    Bae, Suin / Choi, June-Ho / Ahn, Myeongrok / Kim, Rahee / Kim, Hoyong

    Food Chemistry. 2023 Aug., v. 418 p.136009-

    2023  

    Abstract: Lignin has potential as a substitute for natural antioxidants in cosmetics and food industries due to its radical scavenging ability and price competitiveness. The antioxidant activity of lignin depends on its structural properties, and they accordingly ... ...

    Abstract Lignin has potential as a substitute for natural antioxidants in cosmetics and food industries due to its radical scavenging ability and price competitiveness. The antioxidant activity of lignin depends on its structural properties, and they accordingly have synergy with natural antioxidants. Based on the structural characteristics, the antioxidant activity of ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) and synergy with myricetin were investigated. The phenolic-OH content was a predominant factor in the antioxidant activity of EOL, and EOL-H with a higher phenolic-OH content and lower IC₅₀ value (0.17 mg/mL) covered a wide synergy range of 1:32–2:1 (EOL:myricetin). The synergistic effect was verified by comparing predicted and actual values based on ESR analysis, and the phenolic-OH ratio (>0.4) of myricetin and EOL for the synergy was suggested. In this respect, the results highlight the potential of lignin with high phenolic-OH content as a substitute for commercial antioxidants with superior activity and broad synergy ranges.
    Keywords antioxidant activity ; cosmetics ; ethanol ; food chemistry ; lignin ; myricetin ; prices ; synergism ; Ethanol organosolv lignin ; Synergistic effect ; Structural properties
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-08
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 243123-3
    ISSN 1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
    ISSN (online) 1873-7072
    ISSN 0308-8146
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136009
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  6. Article ; Online: Ethanol organosolv lignin as a substitute for commercial antioxidants, focusing on the structural properties and synergistic effect with myricetin.

    Bae, Suin / Choi, June-Ho / Ahn, Myeongrok / Kim, Rahee / Kim, Hoyong

    Food chemistry

    2023  Volume 418, Page(s) 136009

    Abstract: Lignin has potential as a substitute for natural antioxidants in cosmetics and food industries due to its radical scavenging ability and price competitiveness. The antioxidant activity of lignin depends on its structural properties, and they accordingly ... ...

    Abstract Lignin has potential as a substitute for natural antioxidants in cosmetics and food industries due to its radical scavenging ability and price competitiveness. The antioxidant activity of lignin depends on its structural properties, and they accordingly have synergy with natural antioxidants. Based on the structural characteristics, the antioxidant activity of ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) and synergy with myricetin were investigated. The phenolic-OH content was a predominant factor in the antioxidant activity of EOL, and EOL-H with a higher phenolic-OH content and lower IC
    MeSH term(s) Antioxidants/chemistry ; Lignin/chemistry ; Ethanol/chemistry ; Flavonoids ; Phenols
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Lignin (9005-53-2) ; myricetin (76XC01FTOJ) ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Flavonoids ; Phenols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 243123-3
    ISSN 1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
    ISSN (online) 1873-7072
    ISSN 0308-8146
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136009
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  7. Article ; Online: Investigation of lignin substructures participating in self-assembly for the synthesis of monodisperse lignin spherical particles.

    You, Sang-Mook / Choi, June-Ho / Ryu, So Yeon / Byeon, Je Wook / Kim, Hoyong / Cha, Hyun Gil

    International journal of biological macromolecules

    2024  Volume 259, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 129214

    Abstract: The intricate structure of lignin, characterized by a mix of hydrophilic components and hydrophobic structures from its aliphatic and aromatic constituents, poses challenges in creating monodisperse particles. This is due to the need for precise ... ...

    Abstract The intricate structure of lignin, characterized by a mix of hydrophilic components and hydrophobic structures from its aliphatic and aromatic constituents, poses challenges in creating monodisperse particles. This is due to the need for precise modulation of self-assembly kinetics. Herein, we explore a correlation between the substructure of lignin and its capacity for self-assembly. We have conducted an in-depth investigation into the interactions between hydrophilic groups, such as phenolic and aromatic-OH, and monolignols with interunit linkages that are involved in the formation of lignin particles (LPs). A high degree of hydrophilicity with a condensed structure is crucial for high supersaturation levels, which in turn determines the growth phase and leads to small LPs. An approach based on tailoring the supersaturation level which is contingent on the structural characteristics of extracted organosolv lignin was used to obtain remarkably uniform LPs with mean diameters of approximately 230 and 480 nm. The results of this study have the potential to serve as a foundation for the preparation of monodisperse LPs derived from various lignin sources as well as for the development of methods to extract lignin containing a specific chemical substructure.
    MeSH term(s) Lignin/chemistry ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Phenols ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
    Chemical Substances Lignin (9005-53-2) ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Phenols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282732-3
    ISSN 1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
    ISSN (online) 1879-0003
    ISSN 0141-8130
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129214
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    Zs.B 2374: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  8. Article: An integrated biorefinery process for mandarin peel waste elimination

    Jang, Soo-Kyeong / Jung, Chan-Duck / Seong, Hyolin / Myung, Suwan / Kim, Hoyong

    Journal of cleaner production. 2022 Oct. 15, v. 371

    2022  

    Abstract: Mandarin peel waste, a representative agricultural waste, has been dumped on land and marine environments worldwide, causing significant environmental damage. Thus, a solution is urgently required to reduce direct dumping and convert mandarin peel waste ... ...

    Abstract Mandarin peel waste, a representative agricultural waste, has been dumped on land and marine environments worldwide, causing significant environmental damage. Thus, a solution is urgently required to reduce direct dumping and convert mandarin peel waste into high value-added products. In this study, to achieve a zero-waste concept, an integrated biorefinery effectively reduced the mass of mandarin peel waste through consecutive processes that included washing, autohydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and melt compounding. This suggests that integrated biorefinery produced 92.4% of arabinose and arabinooligosaccharide by autohydrolysis and 81.9% of glucose by enzymatic hydrolysis using 5 filter paper unit of cellulase. Overall, the enzymatically hydrolyzed residue replaced 10% of polylactic acid for biocomposite production, which reached approximately 84% of the tensile strength level compared to that of neat polylactic acid. Finally, a concise economic assessment presents the feasibility of an integrated biorefinery by converting value-added products from mandarin peel waste to overcome the environmental and economic problems associated with direct dumping.
    Keywords agricultural wastes ; arabinose ; autohydrolysis ; biocomposites ; biorefining ; economic analysis ; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; glucose ; polylactic acid ; tensile strength ; value added
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1015
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0959-6526
    DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133594
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  9. Article: An eco-friendly approach for blending of fast-pyrolysis bio-oil in petroleum-derived fuel by controlling ash content of loblolly pine

    Kim, Hoyong / Sriram, Subash / Fang, Tiegang / Kelley, Stephen / Park, Sunkyu

    Renewable energy. 2021 Dec., v. 179

    2021  

    Abstract: This paper describes the effect of the ash content in biomass on the distribution of pyrolysis products and the miscibility of bio-oil in diesel. Ash content of loblolly pine wood (0.5 wt %, 1.1 wt %, and 1.5 wt %) was systematically varied by ... ...

    Abstract This paper describes the effect of the ash content in biomass on the distribution of pyrolysis products and the miscibility of bio-oil in diesel. Ash content of loblolly pine wood (0.5 wt %, 1.1 wt %, and 1.5 wt %) was systematically varied by impregnating the wood with potassium carbonate solution. Variation in the ash content did not create a significant change in the chemical composition of the impregnated biomass. However, the response to a variety of thermal treatments changed significantly. The volatile matter content decreased from 88.3% to 78.2%, while the bio-oil yield declined from 45.7% to 29.9% as the ash content increased. Although the total organic yield decreased with increased biomass ash content, the total concentration of phenolic monomers increased from 2.8 mg/g to 20.2 mg/g, and bio-oil miscibility with a commercial diesel fuel increased from 6.7% to 13.4% based on wet bio-oil. The miscibility of guaiacol and 4-methyl guaiacol in diesel was higher than that of catechol, due to the lower polar and hydrogen bonding contribution. Test in a diesel engine showed a simultaneous reduction of HC and NOx emissions using diesel extracts.
    Keywords Pinus taeda ; ash content ; biofuels ; biomass ; catechol ; diesel engines ; diesel fuel ; guaiacol ; hydrogen ; potassium carbonate ; pyrolysis ; wood
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-12
    Size p. 2063-2070.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2001449-1
    ISSN 1879-0682 ; 0960-1481
    ISSN (online) 1879-0682
    ISSN 0960-1481
    DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.033
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  10. Article: Techno-economic analysis of producing xylo-oligosaccharides and cellulose microfibers from lignocellulosic biomass

    Lan, Kai / Xu, Yiling / Kim, Hoyong / Ham, Choonghyun / Kelley, Stephen S. / Park, Sunkyu

    Bioresource technology. 2021 Nov., v. 340

    2021  

    Abstract: This study assesses the economic performance of a biorefinery producing xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from miscanthus by autohydrolysis and purification based on a rigorous model developed in ASPEN Plus. Varied biorefinery capacities (50–250 oven dry ... ...

    Abstract This study assesses the economic performance of a biorefinery producing xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from miscanthus by autohydrolysis and purification based on a rigorous model developed in ASPEN Plus. Varied biorefinery capacities (50–250 oven dry metric ton (ODMT)/day) and three XOS content levels (80%, 90%, 95%) are analyzed. The XOS minimum selling price (XOS MSP) is varied between $3,430–$7,500, $4,030–$8,970, and $4,840–$10,640 per metric ton (MT) for 80%, 90%, and 95% content, respectively. The results show that increasing biorefinery capacity can significantly reduce the XOS MSP and higher purity leads to higher XOS MSP due to less yield, and higher capital and operating costs. This study also explores another system configuration to produce high-value byproducts, cellulose microfiber, by utilizing the cellulose to produce microfiber instead of combusting for energy recovery. The XOS MSP of cellulose microfiber case is $2,460–$7,040/MT and thus exhibits potential economic benefits over the other cases.
    Keywords autohydrolysis ; biomass ; biorefining ; capital ; cellulose ; economic performance ; energy recovery ; lignocellulose ; models ; ovens ; xylooligosaccharides
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125726
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