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  1. Article ; Online: PET-CT for characterising TB infection (TBI) in immunocompetent subjects: a systematic review.

    Kim, Jee Whang / Munavvar, Rayhan / Kamil, Anver / Haldar, Pranabashis

    Journal of medical microbiology

    2023  Volume 72, Issue 9

    Abstract: Introduction. ...

    Abstract Introduction.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Lymph Nodes
    Chemical Substances Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218356-0
    ISSN 1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
    ISSN (online) 1473-5644
    ISSN 0022-2615
    DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.001749
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Interferon-gamma release assay conversion after Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure specifically associates with greater risk of progression to tuberculosis: A prospective cohort study in Leicester, UK.

    Kim, Jee Whang / Nazareth, Joshua / Lee, Joanne / Patel, Hemu / Woltmann, Gerrit / Verma, Raman / O'Garra, Anne / Haldar, Pranabashis

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2024  Volume 141, Page(s) 106982

    Abstract: Objectives: We investigated whether quantifying the serial QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) response improves tuberculosis (TB) risk stratification in pulmonary TB (PTB) contacts.: Methods: A total of 297 untreated adult household PTB contacts, QFT tested ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: We investigated whether quantifying the serial QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) response improves tuberculosis (TB) risk stratification in pulmonary TB (PTB) contacts.
    Methods: A total of 297 untreated adult household PTB contacts, QFT tested at baseline and 3 months after index notification, were prospectively observed (median 1460 days). Normal variance of serial QFT responses was established in 46 extrapulmonary TB contacts. This informed categorisation of the response in QFT-positive PTB contacts as converters, persistently QFT-positive with significant increase (PP
    Results: In total, eight co-prevalent TB (disease ≤3 months after index notification) and 12 incident TB (>3 months after index notification) cases were diagnosed. Genetic linkage to the index strain was confirmed in all culture-positive progressors. The cumulative 2-year incident TB risk in QFT-positive contacts was 8.4% (95% confidence interval, 3.0-13.6%); stratifying by serial QFT response, significantly higher risk was observed in QFT converters (28%), compared with PP
    Conclusions: QFT conversion, rather than quantitative changes of a persistently positive serial QFT response, is associated with greater TB risk and exposure to rapidly progressive TB.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Prospective Studies ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-24
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.025
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  3. Article ; Online: PET-CT-guided characterisation of progressive, preclinical tuberculosis infection and its association with low-level circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in household contacts in Leicester, UK: a prospective cohort study.

    Kim, Jee Whang / Bowman, Karen / Nazareth, Joshua / Lee, Joanne / Woltmann, Gerrit / Verma, Raman / Sharifpour, Meedya / Shield, Christopher / Rees, Catherine / Kamil, Anver / Swift, Benjamin / Haldar, Pranabashis

    The Lancet. Microbe

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) e119–e130

    Abstract: Background: Incipient tuberculosis, a progressive state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with an increased risk of developing into tuberculosis disease, remains poorly characterised. Animal models suggest an association of progressive infection ... ...

    Abstract Background: Incipient tuberculosis, a progressive state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with an increased risk of developing into tuberculosis disease, remains poorly characterised. Animal models suggest an association of progressive infection with bacteraemia. Circulating M tuberculosis DNA has previously been detected in pulmonary tuberculosis by use of Actiphage, a bacteriophage-based real-time PCR assay. We aimed to investigate whether serial [
    Methods: We did a prospective 12-month cohort study in healthy, asymptomatic adults (aged ≥16 years) who were household contacts of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and who had a clinical phenotype of latent tuberculosis infection, in Leicester, UK. Actiphage testing of participants' blood samples was done at baseline, and [
    Findings: 20 contacts were recruited between Aug 5 and Nov 5, 2020; 16 of these participants had a positive result on IFNγ release assay (QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus [QFT]) indicating tuberculosis infection. Baseline PET-CT scans were positive in ten contacts (all QFT positive), indeterminate in six contacts (three QFT positive), and negative in four contacts (three QFT positive). Four of eight PET-CT-positive contacts sampled had M tuberculosis identified (three through culture, one through Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra test) from intrathoracic lymph nodes or bronchial wash and received full antituberculosis treatment. Two further unsampled PET-CT-positive contacts were also treated: one with [
    Interpretation: Microbiological and inflammatory features of incipient tuberculosis can be visualised on PET-CT and are associated with M tuberculosis detection in the blood, supporting the development of pathogen-directed blood biomarkers of tuberculosis risk.
    Funding: MRC Confidence in Concept.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Prospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Antitubercular Agents
    Chemical Substances Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D) ; Antitubercular Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-5247
    ISSN (online) 2666-5247
    DOI 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00289-6
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  4. Article ; Online: Psychometric properties of patient reported outcome measures in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

    Kim, Jee Whang / Clark, Allan / Birring, Surinder S / Atkins, Christopher / Whyte, Moira / Wilson, Andrew M

    Chronic respiratory disease

    2021  Volume 18, Page(s) 14799731211033925

    Abstract: Background: Various patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We aimed to describe their psychometric properties, assess their relationship with 1-year mortality and determine their minimal clinically ... ...

    Abstract Background: Various patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We aimed to describe their psychometric properties, assess their relationship with 1-year mortality and determine their minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs).
    Methods: In a prospective multicentre study, participants with IPF completed the King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire (K-BILD), the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and University of California, San Diego shortness of breath questionnaire (UCSD-SOBQ) three-monthly intervals over a 12-month period. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was matched with questionnaires and mortality was captured. Anchor- and distribution-based methods were used to derive MCID.
    Results: Data were available from 238 participants. All PROMs had good internal consistency and high degree of correlations with other tools (except UCSD-SOBQ correlated poorly with FVC). There were significant associations with mortality for K-BILD (hazard ratio 16.67; 95% CI 2.38-100) and SGRQ (hazard ratio 4.65; 95% CI 1.32-16.62) but not with the other PROMs or FVC. The median MCID (range) for K-BILD was 6.3 (4.1-7.0), SGRQ was 7.0 (3.8-9.6), mMRC was 0.4 (0.1-0.5) and UCSD-SOBQ was 9.6 (4.1-14.2).
    Conclusions: The K-BILD was related to other severity measures and had the strongest relationship with mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Prospective Studies ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2211488-9
    ISSN 1479-9731 ; 1479-9723
    ISSN (online) 1479-9731
    ISSN 1479-9723
    DOI 10.1177/14799731211033925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Barriers to specialist palliative care in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review.

    Kim, Jee Whang / Atkins, Chris / Wilson, Andrew M

    BMJ supportive & palliative care

    2018  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 130–138

    Abstract: Background: Current guidelines recommend palliative care based on individual needs for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are less likely to receive specialist palliative care services ... ...

    Abstract Background: Current guidelines recommend palliative care based on individual needs for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are less likely to receive specialist palliative care services compared with patients with malignant disease. The aim of this review is to summarise recent studies addressing barriers to referring patients to specialist palliative care services.
    Methods: PubMed, Embase, Medline and Web of Science were reviewed to identify relevant publications. Studies were selected if they examined the frequency of specialist palliative care referral and/or addressed issues surrounding access to palliative care services for patients with ILD.
    Results: Ten studies with a total of 4073 people with ILD, 27 caregivers and 18 healthcare professionals were selected and analysed. Frequency of palliative care referrals ranged from 0% to 38%. Delay in palliative care referrals and end-of-life decisions, patients' fear of talking about the future, prognostic uncertainty and confusion about the roles of palliative care were identified as barriers to accessing palliative care services.
    Conclusion: Further research should concentrate on the early identification of patients who need specialist palliative care possibly with establishment of criteria to trigger referral ensuring that referrals are also based on patient's needs.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Delivery of Health Care/standards ; Female ; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing/standards ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/nursing ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/nursing ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nurse Clinicians/standards ; Palliative Care/standards ; Referral and Consultation/standards
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ISSN 2045-4368
    ISSN (online) 2045-4368
    DOI 10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001575
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  6. Article ; Online: Interstitial lung disease and specialist palliative care access: a healthcare professionals survey.

    Kim, Jee Whang / Olive, Sandra / Jones, Steve / Thillai, Muhunthan / Russell, Anne-Marie / Johnson, Miriam J / Wilson, Andrew

    BMJ supportive & palliative care

    2020  Volume 12, Issue e6, Page(s) e748–e751

    Abstract: Background: Fibrotic interstitial lung disease is an incurable disease with poor prognosis. We aimed to understand factors affecting decisions regarding referrals to specialist palliative care services and to address barriers and facilitators to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Fibrotic interstitial lung disease is an incurable disease with poor prognosis. We aimed to understand factors affecting decisions regarding referrals to specialist palliative care services and to address barriers and facilitators to referrals from healthcare professionals' perspectives.
    Methods: A survey study of healthcare professionals, including respiratory physicians, interstitial lung disease nurse specialists, respiratory nurse specialists and palliative care physicians, was conducted using a questionnaire, entailing 17 questions.
    Results: Thirty-six respondents, including 15 interstitial lung disease nurse specialists completed the questionnaire. Symptom control, psychological/spiritual support, general deterioration and end-of-life care were the most common reasons for referrals to specialist palliative care services. Most respondents felt confident in addressing palliative care needs and discussing palliative care with patients. A few participants emphasised that experienced respiratory nurse specialists are well placed to provide symptom management and to ensure continuity of patient care. Participants reported that access to palliative care could be improved by increasing collaborative work between respiratory and palliative care teams.
    Conclusions: Most respondents felt that enhancing access to specialist palliative care services would benefit patients. However, palliative care and respiratory care should not be considered as mutually exclusive and multidisciplinary approach is recommended.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Palliative Care ; Terminal Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy ; Delivery of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2045-4368
    ISSN (online) 2045-4368
    DOI 10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-002148
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  7. Article ; Online: Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in exhaled breath condensate in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a cross-sectional pilot study.

    Terrington, Dayle L / Kim, Jee Whang / Ravenhill, Garth / Tang, Jonathan / Piec, Isabelle / Fowler, Stephen J / Fraser, William / Wilson, Andrew M

    Journal of breath research

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 16016

    Abstract: Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology with a variable clinical course and prognosis. There is an urgent need to identify new and novel biomarkers to help differentiate between clinical phenotypes and guide ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology with a variable clinical course and prognosis. There is an urgent need to identify new and novel biomarkers to help differentiate between clinical phenotypes and guide clinical decisions with respect to commencing and monitoring treatment. Across the spectrum of respiratory disease there has been a growing interest in the role of breath-based biomarkers given their non-invasive nature and ability to repeat sampling with ease for serial monitoring. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R) in bronchoalveolar lavage and serum correlates with disease activity in sarcoidosis; however, no previous study has evaluated sIL2R in exhaled breath.
    Objectives: The main aim of this cross-sectional case-controlled pilot study was to determine the concentration of sIL2R in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from patients with recently diagnosed sarcoidosis compared to healthy volunteers and to establish, if present, if this correlated with markers of disease activity, pulmonary function tests and serological markers used in current clinical practice.
    Methods: Paired serum and EBC samples were collected from twelve treatment naïve patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis diagnosed during the previous six months and compared to twelve healthy volunteers matched for age and gender.
    Results: Mean concentration of serum sIL2R was significantly elevated in participants with sarcoidosis compared to healthy controls (1584.3 ± 489.1 versus 874.2 ± 235.7 pg mL
    Conclusion: Soluble interleukin-2 receptor is detectable in EBC; however, the findings from our study do not support its role as a diagnostic marker in sarcoidosis. Further research is required to evaluate its prognostic utility.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/blood ; Breath Tests ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exhalation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/blood ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/blood ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/physiopathology ; Solubility
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Receptors, Interleukin-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2381007-5
    ISSN 1752-7163 ; 1752-7155
    ISSN (online) 1752-7163
    ISSN 1752-7155
    DOI 10.1088/1752-7163/abb763
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  8. Article: Discriminatory Ability of Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Identify Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Predict Prognosis.

    Nazareth, Joshua / Pan, Daniel / Kim, Jee Whang / Leach, Jack / Brosnan, James G / Ahmed, Adam / Brodrick, Emma / Bird, Paul / Wicaksono, Alfian / Daulton, Emma / Tang, Julian W / Williams, Caroline / Haldar, Pranabashis / Covington, James A / Pareek, Manish / Sahota, Amandip

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) ofac509

    Abstract: Background: Rapid diagnostic and prognostic tests for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently required. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic ability of breath analysis using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Rapid diagnostic and prognostic tests for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently required. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic ability of breath analysis using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
    Methods: Between February and May 2021, we took 1 breath sample for analysis using GC-IMS from participants who were admitted to the hospital for COVID-19, participants who were admitted to the hospital for other respiratory infections, and symptom-free controls, at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data, including requirement for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation as a marker for severe disease in the COVID-19 group, were collected.
    Results: A total of 113 participants were recruited into the study. Seventy-two (64%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, 20 (18%) were diagnosed with another respiratory infection, and 21 (19%) were healthy controls. Differentiation between participants with COVID-19 and those with other respiratory tract infections with GC-IMS was highly accurate (sensitivity/specificity, 0.80/0.88; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUROC], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.96). GC-IMS was also moderately accurate at identifying those who subsequently required CPAP (sensitivity/specificity, 0.62/0.80; AUROC, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.87).
    Conclusions: GC-IMS shows promise as both a diagnostic tool and a predictor of prognosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and should be assessed further in larger studies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofac509
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  9. Article ; Online: Discriminatory ability of gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry to identify patients hospitalised with COVID-19 and predict prognosis

    Nazareth, Joshua / Pan, Daniel / Kim, Jee Whang / Leach, Jack / Brosnan, James G / Ahmed, Adam / Brodrick, Emma / Wicaksono, Alfian / Daulton, Emma / Williams, Caroline / Haldar, Pranabashis / Covington, James / Pareek, Manish / Sahota, Amandip

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Background Tests that can diagnose COVID-19 rapidly and predict prognosis would be significantly beneficial. We studied the ability of breath analysis using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) for diagnosis of COVID-19 and as a ... ...

    Abstract Background Tests that can diagnose COVID-19 rapidly and predict prognosis would be significantly beneficial. We studied the ability of breath analysis using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) for diagnosis of COVID-19 and as a predictor for subsequent requirement for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). Methods We undertook a single centre prospective observational study in patients with COVID-19, other respiratory tract infections and healthy controls. Participants provided one breath sample for GC-IMS analysis. We used cross validation analysis to create models that were then tested against the original cohort data. Further multivariable analysis was undertaken to adjust for differences between the comparator groups. Results Between 01/02/2021 and 24/05/2021 we recruited 113 participants, of whom 72 (64%) had COVID-19, 20 (18%) had another respiratory tract infection and 21 (19%) were healthy controls. Differentiation between patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, and patients with COVID-19 and those with other respiratory tract infections, was achieved with high accuracy. Identification of patients with subsequent requirement for CPAP was completed with moderate accuracy and was not independently associated on multivariable analysis. Conclusions We have shown that GC-IMS has a high capability to distinguish between acute COVID-19 infection and other disease states. Breath analysis shows promise as a predictor of subsequent requirement for CPAP in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. This platform has considerable benefits due to the test being rapid, non-invasive and not requiring specialist laboratory processing.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-28
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2022.02.28.22271571
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article ; Online: Quantification and prognostic significance of interferon-γ secreting SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells in hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19.

    Pan, Daniel / Kim, Jee Whang / Nazareth, Joshua / Assadi, Sara / Bellass, Adam / Leach, Jack / Brosnan, James G / Ahmed, Adam / Starcevic, Fleur / Sze, Shirley / Martin, Christopher A / Williams, Caroline M / Barer, Michael R / Sahota, Amandip / Patel, Prashanth / Tattersall, Andrea / Cooper, Andrea / Pareek, Manish / Haldar, Pranabashis

    The Journal of infection

    2021  Volume 84, Issue 3, Page(s) 418–467

    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; COVID-19 ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 424417-5
    ISSN 1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
    ISSN (online) 1532-2742
    ISSN 0163-4453
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.11.010
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